This document discusses magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). It begins by covering Faraday's early experimental work in electromagnetic induction and the theoretical principles of MHD. It then describes different types of MHD systems including open cycle systems using fuel and alkali metals, closed cycle systems using working fluids, and seeded inert gas and liquid metal systems. The document notes advantages of MHD such as high efficiency, lack of moving parts, and potential applications in fusion reactors and cancer treatment.

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2. INTRODUCTION
 DEFINITION
 INITIATOR
 CONSUMPTION
 POSITION IN INDIA
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3. BEGINING
 FARADAY’S CREATION
 THEORITICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES
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Fig 2.1:Experimental Set-up

4. PRINCIPLE
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 FARADAYS LAWS OF ELECTRO MAGNETIC INDUCTION
 LORENTZ FORCE
 Eind =u x B
 Jind = C x Eind
 MHD ENERGY CONSERVATION

5. Fig 4.1: Segmented Faraday Generator
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6. OPEN CYCLE SYSTEM
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 FUEL AND ALKALI METAL USED
 MECHANISM
 THE HALL EFFECT
Fig 5.1: Open Cycle MHD System

7. CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM
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 GENERAL TYPES
 WORKING FLUID
 MECHANISM
Fig 6.1: Closed system of MHD cycle using fluid coupled with steam generator

8. SEEDED INERT GAS SYSTEM
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 A CLOSED GAS SYSTEM
 FORM OF CYCLE
 RAW MATERIALS USED
 MECHANISM
FIG-7.1: Block diagram of seeded inert gas system

9. LIQUID METAL SYSTEM
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 CONVENIENT CARRIER
 MECHANISM
FIG-8.1: Working Principle of liquid MHD System

10. ADVANTAGES
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 EFFICIENCY
 CONTAINS NO MOVING PARTS
 DIRECT CONVERSION OF HEAT TO ELECTRICITY
 LOW OPERATIONAL COST

11. COMPARISION
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12. CURRENT AND FUTURE ASPECTS
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 IN FUSION REACTION
 AT THERMONUCLEAR REACTOR
FIG-10.1:International Thermonuclear Experimental Set-Up

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 ESTIMATION BY 2020
 NATIONS INVOLVED
FIG-10.2:Set-Up for treatment of Cancer

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