Educational purposes

1. MGA GUNITA NG
HIMAGSIKAN
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

2. THE BATTLE OF IMUS
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

3. OR THE SIEGE OF IMUS , WAS THE FIRST BIG BATTLE OF THE PHIIPPINE REVOLUTION AGAINST
THE SPANISH COLONIAL GOVERNMENT IN THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE. THE BATTLE FOUGHT
BETWEEN SEPTEMBER 1-3, 1896 AT IMUS, CAVITE PROVINCE IN THE PHILIPPINES, RIGHT
AFTER BONIFACIO’S ILL-FATED ATTACK ON THE GUNPOWDER MAGAZINE AT THE BATTLE OF
SAN JUAN DEL MONTE IN MANILA.
THE BATTLE OF IMUS

4. THE BATTLE OF
IMUS(BACKGROUND)
The revolution in Cavite province began when it joined the pro-independence
Katipunan movement. Under the leadership of Emilio Aguinaldo, the province staged the
Kawit Revolt on August 31, 1896. Aguinaldo and his men successfully destroyed several
Spanish units and prepared for battle against the Spanish troops stationed in the province.
Despite the Spanish commander’s confidence in his better-equipped forces, the rebels
strategically positioned themselves in the town of Imus, which was surrounded by
agricultural land. The rebels considered the estate house of the Recollects as a fortress due
to its location within a compound enclosed by massive high walls.

5. BATTLE OF BINAKAYAN-
DALAHICAN
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

6. BATTLE OF BINAKAYAN-
DALAHICAN
The Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican was a simultaneous battle during the Philippine
Revolution that was fought from November 9–11, 1896 that led to a decisive Filipino victory.
The twin battle took place at the shores of Binakayan, in the town of Cavite Viejo (also called
Cavite el Viejo, now Kawit); Dalahican and Dagatan in Noveleta; and, to minimal extent, in
Imus and Bacoor towns in Cavite province, Philippines that lasted for two days before the
Spanish army retreated demoralized and in disarray. The result of the battle was the first
significant Filipino victory in the country’s history.

7. BATTLE OF BINAKAYAN-
DALAHICAN(BACKGROUND)
Andres Bonifacio, the leader of the revolution, suffered three defeats in battle, which
weakened the morale of potential supporters, particularly those from Bulacan. In contrast, the
revolutionaries in Cavite achieved significant success against the outnumbered and
overconfident Spanish forces. The commanders of the Spanish army, including General
Ernesto de Aguirre, were often outsmarted by their opponents, namely Emilio Aguinaldo and
Santiago Alvarez. Aguinaldo emerged as the leader after successfully leading an uprising in
Cavite el Viejo. In Cavite, the Katipunan had two popular councils, Magdalo and Magdiwang,
led by Emilio Aguinaldo and Mariano Álvarez respectively. The Magdalo Council encompassed
several municipalities, while Magdiwang was based in Imus.

8. BATTLE OF ZAPOTE
BRIDGE
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

9. BATTLE OF ZAPOTE BRIDGE
• The Battle of Zapote Bridge was fought on
February 17, 1897, as part of the
Philippine Revolution. Filipino
revolutionary forces headed by General
Emilio Aguinaldo defeated Spanish forces
under Governor-General Camilo de
Polavieja. In this battle, General Edilberto
Evangelista, a Filipino civil engineer,
trench builder and member of the
Katipunan, was killed.

10. BATTLE OF ZAPOTE
BRIDGE(BACKGROUND)
• In the aftermath of the revolutionaries’ defeat
and the commencement of the second phase
of the war, the Spaniards initiated a campaign
to reclaim territories previously seized by the
Filipino rebels. Over 20,000 Spanish troops
are currently advancing from Manila towards
Cavite province in an effort to regain control
of the province’s lost towns. In response, the
revolutionaries devised a counterattack
strategy to halt the Spanish offensive in
Cavite, focusing on the Zapote Bridge in
Bacoor as the battleground.

11. SPANISH CAVITE OFFENSIVE
AND THE BATTLE OF PEREZ
DASMARINAñAS
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

12. SPANISH CAVITE OFFENSIVE AND THE
BATTLE OF PEREZ DASMARINAñAS
The Battle of Perez Dasmariñas occurred during the Cavite Offensive of 1897, an
all-out attack commanded by Maj. Gen. Jose de Lachambre to recapture Cavite in the
Philippines since their loss at the twin battles of Binakayan and Dalahican and to crush the
Katipunan insurrection, led by Emilio Aguinaldo in the province. Both the battle and the
offensive was a success for the Spanish, and the retreat to Montalban occurred several
weeks after the battle. The battle had been too much a hardship for both the Filipino
revolutionaries and the Perez Dasmariñas town, because they each suffered destruction in
the face of the massive Spanish assault.

13. SPANISH CAVITE OFFENSIVE AND
THE BATTLE OF PEREZ
DASMARINAñAS
• After losing the twin battles of Binakayan and
Dalahican, Gov. Gen. Ramón Blanco y Erenas
cautiously feared Aguinaldo’s presence in Cavite.
After winning Zapote Bridge, Aguinaldo liberated
towns. However, Spanish governor-general Fernando
Primo de Rivera ordered an offensive to crush the
revolution and reclaim Cavite for the Spanish Crown.
The Spaniards recaptured Silang and the rebels
retreated.
(BACKGROUND)

14. TEJEROS CONVENTION
AND THE EXECUTION OF
BONIFACIO
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

15. TEJEROS CONVENTION
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

16. TEJEROS CONVENTION
Conflict between the Magdalo and Magdiwang Katipunan factions led to Bonifacio’s
intervention in the province of Cavite. The Cavite rebels then made overtures about
establishing a revolutionary government in place of the Katipunan.[13](p182) Though
Bonifacio already considered the Katipunan to be a government, he acquiesced and presided
over a convention held on 22 March 1897 in Tejeros, Cavite. There, the republic of the
Philippines was proclaimed, with Aguinaldo being elected president. Bonifacio was elected
Director of the Interior but, after Daniel Tirona questioned his qualifications for that position,
became angered and declared…

17. TEJEROS CONVENTION
“I, as chairman of this assembly, and as
President of the Supreme Council of the Katipunan,
as all of you do not deny, declare this assembly
dissolved, and I annul all that has been approved
and resolved.”

18. THE EXECUTION OF
BONIFACIO
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

19. Bonifacio refused to recognize the revolutionary government headed
by Aguinaldo and attempted to reassert his authority, accusing the Aguinaldo
faction of treason and by issuing orders contravening orders issued by the
Aguinaldo faction. At Aguinaldo’s orders, Bonifacio and his brothers were
arrested and, in a mock trial lasting one day, convicted of treason, and
sentenced to death. After some vacillation, Aguinaldo initially commuted the
death sentence, but cancelled his commutation order after being convinced by
General Manuel Noriel, president of the Council of War, and others prominent
in his government that the death sentence must stand. Andrés and Procopio
were executed by firing squad on 10 May 1897 at Mount Hulog, Maragondon,
Cavite.
THE EXECUTION OF BONIFACIO

20. RETREAT TO
MONTALBAN
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

21. RETREAT TO MONTALBAN
The Retreat to Montalban occurred after Aguinaldo’s
forces were pushed out of Cavite, Aguinaldo and his forces
marched to Puray, Montalban and eventually found his way
to central Luzon. Aguinaldo’s forces were pushed out of
Cavite, and his forces marched to Puray, Montalban and
eventually found his way to central Luzon, then retreated
towards the caves of Biak-na-bato, he began to negotiate
the peace pact known as the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. The
Spanish pursuit against retreating Katipunero forces towards
central Luzon killed many of the rebels in the process.
However, some of them joined the General Manuel Tinio’s
revolutionary army in Nueva Ecija, where they decisively
won the Battle of Aliaga, “The glorious battle of the
rebellion”, the next few weeks later after the retreat ended.

22. BIAK-NA-BATO
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

23. BIAK-NA-BATO
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato, signed on December 14,
1897, created a truce between Spanish colonial Governor-
General Fernando Primo de Rivera and the revolutionary
leader Emilio Aguinaldo to end the Philippine Revolution.
Aguinaldo and his fellow revolutionaries were given
amnesty and monetary indemnity by the Spanish
Government, in return for which the revolutionary
government would go into exile in Hong Kong. Aguinaldo
had designs to use the money to purchase firearms and
return to the archipelago.
The pact was signed in San Miguel, Bulacan, in the house of Pablo
Tecson, a Philippine revolutionary captain who served as Brigadier General in
the ‘Brigada Del Pilar’ (military troop) of General Gregorio del Pilar during the
Revolution.

24. RETURN TO THE
PHILIPPINES AND
DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE
BY: EMILIO AGUINALDO

25. RETURN TO THE
PHILIPPINES AND
DECLARATION
OF
INDEPENDENCE
In April 1898, the Spanish–American
War began with a focus on Cuba, but the U.S.
Asiatic Squadron, led by Commodore George
Dewey, engaged and destroyed the Spanish
Pacific Squadron in the Battle of Manila Bay
on May 1. Dewey later transported Filipino
leader Aguinaldo from Hong Kong to the
Philippines, where he resumed command of
revolutionary forces and besieged Manila
upon arrival on May 19.

26. RETURN TO THE
PHILIPPINES AND
DECLARATION
OF
INDEPENDENCE
 On 24 May 1898 in Cavite, Aguinaldo issued a proclamation
in which he assumed command of all Philippine forces and
established a dictatorial government with himself as
dictator.[20]
 On 12 June Aquinaldo issued the Philippine Declaration of
Independence from Spain and on 18 June, he issued a
decree formally establishing his dictatorial
government.[4](p10)
 On 23 June, Aguinaldo issued a decree replacing his
dictatorial government with a revolutionary government,
with himself as president.

27. REFERENCES
1. Battle of Imus – Sept 1-2, 1896
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Battle_of_Imus
2. Twin Battles of Binakayan – Nov 7, 1896
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Battle_of_Binakayan-
Dalahican
3. Battle of Zapote Bridge – Feb 17, 1897
https://military-
history.fandom.com/wiki/Battle_of_Zapote_Bridge_(1897)
4. Spanish Cavite offensive and the Battle of Perez
Dasmarinañas – Feb 15 — Mar 24, 1897
https://military-
history.fandom.com/wiki/Battle_of_Perez_Dasmari%C3%B1as
5. Tejeros Convention and the Execution of Bonifacio
– May 10, 1897
https://military-
history.fandom.com/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Bonifacio
6. Retreat to Montalban – 1897, made a last stand on
May 3, 1897
https://military-
history.fandom.com/wiki/Retreat_to_Montalban?so=search
7. Biak na Bato – established on Dec 14, 1897
https://military-history.fandom.com/wiki/Pact_of_Biak-na-
Bato
8. Return to the Philippines and Philippine
Declaration of Independence – Jun 12, 1898
https://military-
history.fandom.com/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo#cite_ref-
name_9-0

28. QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE
1.What is then other term
for the “Battle of Imus”?
a.Sage of Imus
b.Siege of Imus
c. Side of Imus
d.None of the above
2. When was the Battle of
Binakayan-Dalahican
happened?
a. November 9-15, 1896
b. November 9-11, 1897
c. November 9-11, 1896
d. November 9-15, 1897

29. QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE
3. Who is the Spanish
Military Commander?
a. General Ernesto De
Aguirre
b. General Ernesto
Laguirre
c. General Ernesto De
Laguirre
d. General Ernesto
Aguirre
4. Andres and Procopio
Bonifacio’s were executed by
firing squad on ________.
a. May 9, 1896
b. May 10, 1896
c. May 9, 1897
d. May 10, 1897

30. QUIZ: MULTIPLE CHOICE
5. Philippine Declaration of Independence.
a. June 12
b. June 11
c. June 10
d. June 13