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A	
  look	
  into	
  Global	
  Art	
  and	
  the	
  
theme	
  of	
  death	
  in	
  Mexican	
  art	
  
By:	
  Hannah	
  Aguilera	
  
ART	
  160	
  
Calavera	
  de	
  Madero	
  by	
  Jose	
  Guadalupe	
  Posada	
  
  	
  	
   	
  The	
  theme	
  of	
  death	
  fascinates	
  me,	
  as	
  it	
  is	
  one	
  
thing	
  that	
  links	
  all	
  people	
  of	
  all	
  cultures	
  together.	
  I	
  
am	
  specifically	
  intrigued	
  in	
  how	
  the	
  concept	
  of	
  
death	
  is	
  involved	
  in	
  certain	
  cultures	
  art,	
  such	
  as	
  
Mexico.	
  It	
  is	
  late	
  October	
  and	
  I	
  am	
  traveling	
  to	
  
Mexico	
  to	
  experience	
  the	
  Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead,	
  or	
  Dia	
  de	
  
Muertos.	
  	
  
	
  	
  	
  
	
  This	
  is	
  a	
  day	
  in	
  Mexico	
  where	
  the	
  country’s	
  
past	
  is	
  involved,	
  such	
  as	
  Aztec	
  beliefs,	
  and	
  a	
  day	
  
where	
  death	
  is	
  celebrated.	
  
	
  This	
  is	
  the	
  ancient	
  Aztec	
  death	
  god	
  Mictlantecuhtli,	
  who	
  
influenced	
  Mexico’s	
  current	
  view	
  on	
  death.	
  Skeletal	
  imagery	
  
in	
  the	
  Aztec	
  world	
  was	
  a	
  symbol	
  of	
  health	
  and	
  ferPlity,	
  which	
  
could	
  have	
  developed	
  Mexico’s	
  view	
  of	
  death	
  meaning	
  
rebirth.	
  
 	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  Catholicism	
  also	
  is	
  a	
  large	
  influence	
  on	
  Hispanic	
  art.	
  The	
  older	
  
tradiPons	
  of	
  the	
  indigenous	
  people	
  have	
  blended	
  with	
  Catholicism	
  to	
  
create	
  art	
  pieces	
  that	
  reflect	
  death,	
  such	
  as	
  Diego	
  Velazquez’s	
  Cristo	
  
crucificado.	
  Done	
  in	
  1632,	
  Velazquez’s	
  beliefs	
  in	
  ChrisPanity	
  
influenced	
  this	
  portrayal	
  of	
  death.	
  For	
  ChrisPanity,	
  the	
  crucifixion	
  and	
  
death	
  of	
  Christ	
  is	
  the	
  most	
  important	
  aspect	
  of	
  the	
  religion.	
  The	
  
principle	
  of	
  Catholicism,	
  and	
  the	
  death	
  of	
  Jesus	
  Christ	
  also	
  have	
  
influenced	
  many	
  Hispanic	
  arPsts	
  to	
  visually	
  display	
  death	
  in	
  all	
  forms	
  
of	
  art.	
  
	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  This	
  wood	
  carving	
  of	
  the	
  
crucifixion,	
  made	
  by	
  an	
  unknown	
  
arPst	
  in	
  the	
  14th	
  century,	
  illustrates	
  
just	
  how	
  far	
  back	
  the	
  beliefs	
  of	
  
Catholicism	
  have	
  influenced	
  art.	
  
 	
  	
  	
  	
  	
  I	
  wandered	
  through	
  the	
  city	
  of	
  Tzintzuntzan,	
  Mexico	
  to	
  learn	
  
more	
  about	
  the	
  history	
  of	
  Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead.	
  It	
  is	
  a	
  joyous	
  yet	
  
sacred	
  Pme	
  where	
  people	
  rejoice	
  the	
  souls	
  of	
  the	
  dead.	
  As	
  seen	
  
in	
  this	
  picture,	
  Mexico’s	
  celebraPon	
  of	
  Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead	
  is	
  much	
  
more	
  public	
  than	
  any	
  other	
  naPons.	
  Dia	
  de	
  Muertos	
  reveals	
  how	
  
open	
  and	
  unafraid	
  Mexican’s	
  are	
  of	
  death.	
  
In	
  Tzintzuntzan,	
  Mexico	
  
during	
  the	
  2009	
  Day	
  of	
  
the	
  Dead	
  fesPval)	
  	
  
Origins	
  
	
   	
   	
  I	
  learned	
  about	
  the	
  brief	
  origins	
  of	
  Dia	
  de	
  
Muertos.	
  It	
  was	
  first	
  seen	
  publicly	
  more	
  than	
  500	
  
years	
  ago	
  when	
  Spanish	
  Conquistadors	
  came	
  to	
  
Mexico	
  and	
  saw	
  naPves	
  performing	
  a	
  ritual	
  mocking	
  
death.	
  Since	
  the	
  Spanish	
  conquered	
  the	
  Aztecs,	
  Day	
  
of	
  the	
  Dead	
  has	
  merged	
  with	
  Mexico's	
  major	
  religion,	
  
Catholicism,	
  but	
  is	
  based	
  on,	
  and	
  sPll	
  maintains	
  the	
  
basic	
  concepts	
  of	
  the	
  Aztecs.	
  
Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead	
  lasts	
  from	
  Oct	
  31-­‐	
  Nov	
  2nd.	
  October	
  31st	
  is	
  All	
  
Hallows	
  Eve,	
  November	
  1st	
  is	
  ‘el	
  Dia	
  de	
  los	
  innocents	
  and	
  All	
  
Saints	
  Day.	
  November	
  2nd	
  is	
  all	
  Souls	
  Day.	
  
 	
   	
  Aztec	
  tradiPons	
  and	
  
beliefs	
  are	
  the	
  basis	
  for	
  
Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead.	
  This	
  
ancient	
  Aztec	
  goddess	
  
was	
  the	
  wife	
  of	
  the	
  death	
  
god	
  Mictlantecuhtli.	
  Her	
  
name	
  is	
  Mictecacihuatl	
  ,	
  
the	
  Lady	
  of	
  the	
  Dead,	
  
and	
  the	
  Aztecs	
  held	
  an	
  
annual	
  celebraPon	
  of	
  her.	
  
Aztec	
  statue	
  of	
  Mictecacihuatl,	
  from	
  the	
  16th	
  century	
  	
  
 	
   	
  Art	
  plays	
  a	
  very	
  important	
  role	
  in	
  the	
  celebraPon	
  of	
  Day	
  
of	
  the	
  Dead.	
  Skull	
  art’s	
  origin	
  lies	
  in	
  Aztec	
  culture.	
  The	
  most	
  
famous	
  skull	
  arPst	
  of	
  Mexico	
  was	
  engraver	
  and	
  printmaker	
  
Jose	
  Guadalupe.	
  His	
  humorous	
  image	
  of	
  skeletons	
  helped	
  
shaped	
  Mexican’s	
  view	
  of	
  death.	
  
La	
  Calavera	
  
Catrina	
  c.	
  1913,	
  by	
  
Jose	
  Guadalupe	
  
Posada	
  	
  
Although	
  Skull	
  Art	
  is	
  the	
  most	
  
popular	
  art	
  used	
  during	
  Day	
  of	
  
the	
  Dead	
  fesPviPes,	
  there	
  are	
  
also	
  temporary	
  art	
  pieces,	
  such	
  
as	
  custom	
  altars	
  families	
  design	
  
to	
  welcome	
  departed	
  spirits.	
  
The	
  families	
  who	
  create	
  these	
  art	
  
pieces	
  include	
  certain	
  tradiPonal	
  
Mexican	
  altar	
  items,	
  such	
  as	
  candles	
  
and	
  incense.	
  As	
  the	
  pictures	
  show,	
  
altars	
  usually	
  contain	
  candles	
  and	
  
incense	
  to	
  guide	
  spirits	
  back	
  to	
  their	
  
altars.	
  Also	
  marigolds	
  are	
  included,	
  
because	
  those	
  flowers	
  symbolize	
  
death.	
  
What	
  are	
  the	
  Influences	
  of	
  Death	
  	
  
in	
  Mexican	
  Art?	
  
	
  	
   	
  Death	
  is	
  not	
  only	
  prominent	
  in	
  art	
  because	
  of	
  
Mexico’s	
  origin	
  or	
  religion,	
  but	
  also	
  because	
  of	
  
civil	
  unrest.	
  The	
  Mexican	
  RevoluPon	
  of	
  1910,	
  and	
  
the	
  civil	
  unrest	
  that	
  followed	
  created	
  	
  backdrops	
  
for	
  many	
  arPsts.	
   	
  	
  
	
  	
   	
  A	
  few	
  of	
  Mexico's	
  most	
  famous	
  arPsts	
  
incorporated	
  death	
  in	
  their	
  art	
  as	
  a	
  result	
  of	
  civil	
  
unrest.	
  I	
  looked	
  further	
  into	
  these	
  arPsts,	
  such	
  as	
  
Diego	
  Rivera,	
  Frida	
  Kahlo,	
  and	
  Jose	
  Gaudalupe	
  
Posada.	
  
Diego	
  Rivera	
  
	
  	
   	
  	
   	
  Diego	
  Rivera	
  was	
  a	
  famous	
  
muralist	
  from	
  Mexico,	
  who	
  would	
  
portray	
  death	
  in	
  his	
  large	
  
painPngs.	
  He	
  had	
  very	
  powerful	
  
views,	
  which	
  were	
  brought	
  on	
  by	
  
the	
  Mexican	
  RevoluPon.	
  	
  
	
   	
   	
  Rivera	
  was	
  involved	
  in	
  a	
  
government	
  sponsored	
  mural	
  
program,	
  but	
  then	
  joined	
  the	
  
Mexican	
  Communist	
  Party.	
  His	
  
mural	
  The	
  Arsenal	
  depicted	
  his	
  
feelings	
  towards	
  the	
  government.	
  
Rivera’s	
  strong	
  poliPcal	
  
views	
  meshed	
  with	
  death	
  
in	
  his	
  Death	
  of	
  the	
  
Capitalist	
  painPng.	
  
By	
  painPng	
  with	
  the	
  
technique	
  fresco,	
  his	
  
images	
  become	
  apart	
  of	
  a	
  
wall.	
  This	
  image	
  of	
  the	
  
death	
  of	
  his	
  poliPcal	
  
opponents	
  is	
  now	
  an	
  
integral	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  wall.	
  
Rivera	
  paints	
  large	
  murals	
  
to	
  make	
  a	
  statement.	
  
Frida	
  Kahlo	
  
“I	
  never	
  painted	
  dreams....	
  I	
  painted	
  my	
  own	
  reality.…I	
  paint	
  what	
  
ever	
  passes	
  through	
  my	
  head	
  without	
  any	
  other	
  consideraEon."	
  	
  
	
  Frida	
  Kahlo	
  was	
  one	
  of	
  the	
  most	
  influenPal	
  and	
  famous	
  arPsts	
  of	
  Mexico.	
  She	
  ofen	
  did	
  self-­‐
portraits.	
  Just	
  as	
  Diego	
  Rivera,	
  her	
  painPngs	
  reflected	
  her	
  feeling	
  of	
  her	
  environment.	
  As	
  she	
  said	
  
above,	
  she	
  only	
  painted	
  her	
  reality,	
  what	
  she	
  was	
  surrounded	
  by.	
  Whether	
  it	
  was	
  civil	
  unrest,	
  or	
  
her	
  failing	
  health,	
  Kahlo	
  did	
  not	
  shy	
  away	
  from	
  painPng	
  about	
  death.	
  	
  
	
  The	
  Wounded	
  Table,	
  shows	
  how	
  open,	
  or	
  aware	
  Kahlo	
  is	
  of	
  death	
  by	
  painPng	
  herself.	
  
  	
   	
  In	
  Thinking	
  About	
  Death,	
  
although	
  the	
  main	
  focus	
  is	
  Kahlo,	
  
she	
  excellently	
  uPlizes	
  her	
  
background	
  space.	
  The	
  green	
  
leaves	
  could	
  almost	
  certainly	
  
represent	
  life.	
  Both	
  life	
  and	
  
death	
  are	
  represented	
  in	
  this	
  
painPng,	
  implying	
  that	
  Kahlo	
  
clearly	
  isn’t	
  afraid	
  to	
  discuss	
  or	
  
ponder	
  about	
  death.	
  This	
  image	
  
portrays	
  Kahlo’s	
  understanding	
  of	
  
life	
  and	
  death,	
  and	
  in	
  Mexican	
  
culture,	
  death	
  is	
  associated	
  with	
  
rebirth.	
  This	
  might	
  be	
  why	
  Kahlo	
  
painted	
  growing	
  green	
  leaves	
  in	
  
the	
  background;	
  although	
  death	
  
occurs,	
  rebirth	
  and	
  new	
  life	
  will	
  
follow.	
  
Jose	
  	
  
Guadalupe	
  
Posada	
  
	
  	
   	
  Jose	
  Guadalupe	
  Posada	
  was	
  a	
  famous	
  engraver	
  and	
  printmaker	
  in	
  Mexico	
  in	
  the	
  
late	
  1800’s	
  through	
  early	
  1900’s.	
  His	
  artwork	
  and	
  use	
  of	
  skulls,	
  played,	
  and	
  sPll	
  is,	
  a	
  vital	
  
part	
  of	
  the	
  Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead	
  fesPviPes.	
  His	
  poliPcal	
  saPre	
  radiated	
  in	
  his	
  prints	
  of	
  
skeletons.	
  	
  
	
   	
   	
  	
  Posada	
  influenced	
  how	
  Mexicans	
  view	
  death,	
  and	
  his	
  imagery	
  of	
  skeletons	
  is	
  sPll	
  
seen	
  every	
  year	
  on	
  Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead.	
  
	
   	
   	
  His	
  environment,	
  the	
  civil	
  unrest	
  and	
  disdain	
  for	
  government,	
  influenced	
  his	
  art	
  to	
  
mock	
  death.	
  His	
  poliPcal	
  saPre	
  was	
  something	
  that	
  Mexicans	
  could	
  relate	
  to.	
  
El	
  Jarabe	
  de	
  Ultratumba	
  (The	
  Folk	
  
Dance	
  Beyond	
  the	
  Grave)	
  c.1910	
  
 	
   	
  Death	
  being	
  prominent	
  in	
  
Mexican	
  culture	
  is	
  interesPng	
  
because	
  death	
  means	
  rebirth.	
  
Combined	
  religion	
  and	
  tradiPon	
  of	
  
the	
  Aztecs	
  led	
  to	
  the	
  idea	
  of	
  rebirth.	
  
Death	
  isn’t	
  a	
  sorrowful	
  thing	
  in	
  
Mexican	
  culture	
  because	
  it	
  leads	
  to	
  
path	
  of	
  a	
  different	
  life.	
  This	
  is	
  why	
  
death	
  is	
  so	
  commonly	
  found	
  in	
  
Mexican	
  art.	
  It	
  isn’t	
  something	
  
brings	
  an	
  end,	
  but	
  brings	
  a	
  
beginning.	
  	
  
	
  Death	
  is	
  not	
  something	
  that	
  is	
  feared,	
  but	
  embraced.	
  ArPsts	
  such	
  as	
  
Frida	
  Kahlo	
  and	
  Joes	
  Guadalupe	
  Posada	
  recognized	
  that,	
  and	
  created	
  art	
  
about	
  death	
  freely.	
  Mexicans	
  embrace	
  death,	
  and	
  that’s	
  why	
  it	
  is	
  so	
  
prominent	
  in	
  Mexican	
  culture,	
  and	
  involved	
  in	
  art	
  and	
  holidays	
  such	
  as	
  
Day	
  of	
  the	
  Dead.	
  
Calavera	
  Oaxaqueña	
  (Oaxacan	
  Skull)	
  by	
  Posada	
  c.1903	
  
Works	
  Cited	
  
•  hkp://www.fridakahlofans.com/c0450.html	
  
•  hkp://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/diego-­‐rivera/about-­‐the-­‐arPst/64/	
  
•  hkp://www.learnnc.org/lp/ediPons/chngmexico/210	
  
•  hkp://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/theme/6/index.html	
  
•  hkp://www.unm.edu/~htafoya/dayofhedead.html	
  
•  hkp://udaykphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Night-­‐Of-­‐The-­‐Dead-­‐Noche-­‐de-­‐los-­‐Muertos/
G000082UIZhc1mY8/	
  
•  	
  hkps://s3-­‐us-­‐west-­‐2.amazonaws.com/photozo/data/8543/032707_Antopologia_031_copy.jpg	
  
•  hkp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Mexico-­‐Day_of_the_Dead_altar.jpg	
  
•  hkp://www.celebrate-­‐day-­‐of-­‐the-­‐dead.com/image-­‐files/day-­‐of-­‐the-­‐dead-­‐customs.jpg	
  
•  hkp://clasarchive.berkeley.edu/Outreach/educaPon/summerinsPtute2010/images/DiegoRivera-­‐
ElArsena-­‐540pl.jpg	
  
•  hkp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-­‐zdfGtNhCeJ0/T9wYF8X3FFI/AAAAAAAAGg4/6luNKPHL9hw/s640/frida
+kahlo+the+wounded+table+1940.jpg	
  
•  hkp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/01/jose-­‐guadalupe-­‐posada-­‐day-­‐of-­‐the-­‐
dead_n_2057382.html#slide=1709528	
  
•  hkp://staPc.panoramio.com/photos/large/67249937.jpg	
  
•  hkps://saradobie.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/gd5119794a-­‐woman-­‐prays-­‐in-­‐fron-­‐7814.jpg	
  
•  hkp://uploads1.wikipainPngs.org/images/magdalena-­‐carmen-­‐frieda-­‐kahlo-­‐y-­‐calderón-­‐de-­‐rivera/
thinking-­‐about-­‐death-­‐1943.jpg	
  

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Mexican Art- Global Art

  • 1. A  look  into  Global  Art  and  the   theme  of  death  in  Mexican  art   By:  Hannah  Aguilera   ART  160   Calavera  de  Madero  by  Jose  Guadalupe  Posada  
  • 2.        The  theme  of  death  fascinates  me,  as  it  is  one   thing  that  links  all  people  of  all  cultures  together.  I   am  specifically  intrigued  in  how  the  concept  of   death  is  involved  in  certain  cultures  art,  such  as   Mexico.  It  is  late  October  and  I  am  traveling  to   Mexico  to  experience  the  Day  of  the  Dead,  or  Dia  de   Muertos.            This  is  a  day  in  Mexico  where  the  country’s   past  is  involved,  such  as  Aztec  beliefs,  and  a  day   where  death  is  celebrated.    This  is  the  ancient  Aztec  death  god  Mictlantecuhtli,  who   influenced  Mexico’s  current  view  on  death.  Skeletal  imagery   in  the  Aztec  world  was  a  symbol  of  health  and  ferPlity,  which   could  have  developed  Mexico’s  view  of  death  meaning   rebirth.  
  • 3.            Catholicism  also  is  a  large  influence  on  Hispanic  art.  The  older   tradiPons  of  the  indigenous  people  have  blended  with  Catholicism  to   create  art  pieces  that  reflect  death,  such  as  Diego  Velazquez’s  Cristo   crucificado.  Done  in  1632,  Velazquez’s  beliefs  in  ChrisPanity   influenced  this  portrayal  of  death.  For  ChrisPanity,  the  crucifixion  and   death  of  Christ  is  the  most  important  aspect  of  the  religion.  The   principle  of  Catholicism,  and  the  death  of  Jesus  Christ  also  have   influenced  many  Hispanic  arPsts  to  visually  display  death  in  all  forms   of  art.              This  wood  carving  of  the   crucifixion,  made  by  an  unknown   arPst  in  the  14th  century,  illustrates   just  how  far  back  the  beliefs  of   Catholicism  have  influenced  art.  
  • 4.            I  wandered  through  the  city  of  Tzintzuntzan,  Mexico  to  learn   more  about  the  history  of  Day  of  the  Dead.  It  is  a  joyous  yet   sacred  Pme  where  people  rejoice  the  souls  of  the  dead.  As  seen   in  this  picture,  Mexico’s  celebraPon  of  Day  of  the  Dead  is  much   more  public  than  any  other  naPons.  Dia  de  Muertos  reveals  how   open  and  unafraid  Mexican’s  are  of  death.   In  Tzintzuntzan,  Mexico   during  the  2009  Day  of   the  Dead  fesPval)    
  • 5. Origins        I  learned  about  the  brief  origins  of  Dia  de   Muertos.  It  was  first  seen  publicly  more  than  500   years  ago  when  Spanish  Conquistadors  came  to   Mexico  and  saw  naPves  performing  a  ritual  mocking   death.  Since  the  Spanish  conquered  the  Aztecs,  Day   of  the  Dead  has  merged  with  Mexico's  major  religion,   Catholicism,  but  is  based  on,  and  sPll  maintains  the   basic  concepts  of  the  Aztecs.   Day  of  the  Dead  lasts  from  Oct  31-­‐  Nov  2nd.  October  31st  is  All   Hallows  Eve,  November  1st  is  ‘el  Dia  de  los  innocents  and  All   Saints  Day.  November  2nd  is  all  Souls  Day.  
  • 6.      Aztec  tradiPons  and   beliefs  are  the  basis  for   Day  of  the  Dead.  This   ancient  Aztec  goddess   was  the  wife  of  the  death   god  Mictlantecuhtli.  Her   name  is  Mictecacihuatl  ,   the  Lady  of  the  Dead,   and  the  Aztecs  held  an   annual  celebraPon  of  her.   Aztec  statue  of  Mictecacihuatl,  from  the  16th  century    
  • 7.      Art  plays  a  very  important  role  in  the  celebraPon  of  Day   of  the  Dead.  Skull  art’s  origin  lies  in  Aztec  culture.  The  most   famous  skull  arPst  of  Mexico  was  engraver  and  printmaker   Jose  Guadalupe.  His  humorous  image  of  skeletons  helped   shaped  Mexican’s  view  of  death.   La  Calavera   Catrina  c.  1913,  by   Jose  Guadalupe   Posada    
  • 8. Although  Skull  Art  is  the  most   popular  art  used  during  Day  of   the  Dead  fesPviPes,  there  are   also  temporary  art  pieces,  such   as  custom  altars  families  design   to  welcome  departed  spirits.   The  families  who  create  these  art   pieces  include  certain  tradiPonal   Mexican  altar  items,  such  as  candles   and  incense.  As  the  pictures  show,   altars  usually  contain  candles  and   incense  to  guide  spirits  back  to  their   altars.  Also  marigolds  are  included,   because  those  flowers  symbolize   death.  
  • 9. What  are  the  Influences  of  Death     in  Mexican  Art?        Death  is  not  only  prominent  in  art  because  of   Mexico’s  origin  or  religion,  but  also  because  of   civil  unrest.  The  Mexican  RevoluPon  of  1910,  and   the  civil  unrest  that  followed  created    backdrops   for  many  arPsts.            A  few  of  Mexico's  most  famous  arPsts   incorporated  death  in  their  art  as  a  result  of  civil   unrest.  I  looked  further  into  these  arPsts,  such  as   Diego  Rivera,  Frida  Kahlo,  and  Jose  Gaudalupe   Posada.  
  • 10. Diego  Rivera            Diego  Rivera  was  a  famous   muralist  from  Mexico,  who  would   portray  death  in  his  large   painPngs.  He  had  very  powerful   views,  which  were  brought  on  by   the  Mexican  RevoluPon.          Rivera  was  involved  in  a   government  sponsored  mural   program,  but  then  joined  the   Mexican  Communist  Party.  His   mural  The  Arsenal  depicted  his   feelings  towards  the  government.  
  • 11. Rivera’s  strong  poliPcal   views  meshed  with  death   in  his  Death  of  the   Capitalist  painPng.   By  painPng  with  the   technique  fresco,  his   images  become  apart  of  a   wall.  This  image  of  the   death  of  his  poliPcal   opponents  is  now  an   integral  part  of  the  wall.   Rivera  paints  large  murals   to  make  a  statement.  
  • 12. Frida  Kahlo   “I  never  painted  dreams....  I  painted  my  own  reality.…I  paint  what   ever  passes  through  my  head  without  any  other  consideraEon."      Frida  Kahlo  was  one  of  the  most  influenPal  and  famous  arPsts  of  Mexico.  She  ofen  did  self-­‐ portraits.  Just  as  Diego  Rivera,  her  painPngs  reflected  her  feeling  of  her  environment.  As  she  said   above,  she  only  painted  her  reality,  what  she  was  surrounded  by.  Whether  it  was  civil  unrest,  or   her  failing  health,  Kahlo  did  not  shy  away  from  painPng  about  death.      The  Wounded  Table,  shows  how  open,  or  aware  Kahlo  is  of  death  by  painPng  herself.  
  • 13.      In  Thinking  About  Death,   although  the  main  focus  is  Kahlo,   she  excellently  uPlizes  her   background  space.  The  green   leaves  could  almost  certainly   represent  life.  Both  life  and   death  are  represented  in  this   painPng,  implying  that  Kahlo   clearly  isn’t  afraid  to  discuss  or   ponder  about  death.  This  image   portrays  Kahlo’s  understanding  of   life  and  death,  and  in  Mexican   culture,  death  is  associated  with   rebirth.  This  might  be  why  Kahlo   painted  growing  green  leaves  in   the  background;  although  death   occurs,  rebirth  and  new  life  will   follow.  
  • 14. Jose     Guadalupe   Posada        Jose  Guadalupe  Posada  was  a  famous  engraver  and  printmaker  in  Mexico  in  the   late  1800’s  through  early  1900’s.  His  artwork  and  use  of  skulls,  played,  and  sPll  is,  a  vital   part  of  the  Day  of  the  Dead  fesPviPes.  His  poliPcal  saPre  radiated  in  his  prints  of   skeletons.            Posada  influenced  how  Mexicans  view  death,  and  his  imagery  of  skeletons  is  sPll   seen  every  year  on  Day  of  the  Dead.        His  environment,  the  civil  unrest  and  disdain  for  government,  influenced  his  art  to   mock  death.  His  poliPcal  saPre  was  something  that  Mexicans  could  relate  to.   El  Jarabe  de  Ultratumba  (The  Folk   Dance  Beyond  the  Grave)  c.1910  
  • 15.      Death  being  prominent  in   Mexican  culture  is  interesPng   because  death  means  rebirth.   Combined  religion  and  tradiPon  of   the  Aztecs  led  to  the  idea  of  rebirth.   Death  isn’t  a  sorrowful  thing  in   Mexican  culture  because  it  leads  to   path  of  a  different  life.  This  is  why   death  is  so  commonly  found  in   Mexican  art.  It  isn’t  something   brings  an  end,  but  brings  a   beginning.      Death  is  not  something  that  is  feared,  but  embraced.  ArPsts  such  as   Frida  Kahlo  and  Joes  Guadalupe  Posada  recognized  that,  and  created  art   about  death  freely.  Mexicans  embrace  death,  and  that’s  why  it  is  so   prominent  in  Mexican  culture,  and  involved  in  art  and  holidays  such  as   Day  of  the  Dead.   Calavera  Oaxaqueña  (Oaxacan  Skull)  by  Posada  c.1903  
  • 16. Works  Cited   •  hkp://www.fridakahlofans.com/c0450.html   •  hkp://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/diego-­‐rivera/about-­‐the-­‐arPst/64/   •  hkp://www.learnnc.org/lp/ediPons/chngmexico/210   •  hkp://www.learner.org/courses/globalart/theme/6/index.html   •  hkp://www.unm.edu/~htafoya/dayofhedead.html   •  hkp://udaykphotography.photoshelter.com/gallery/Night-­‐Of-­‐The-­‐Dead-­‐Noche-­‐de-­‐los-­‐Muertos/ G000082UIZhc1mY8/   •   hkps://s3-­‐us-­‐west-­‐2.amazonaws.com/photozo/data/8543/032707_Antopologia_031_copy.jpg   •  hkp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/77/Mexico-­‐Day_of_the_Dead_altar.jpg   •  hkp://www.celebrate-­‐day-­‐of-­‐the-­‐dead.com/image-­‐files/day-­‐of-­‐the-­‐dead-­‐customs.jpg   •  hkp://clasarchive.berkeley.edu/Outreach/educaPon/summerinsPtute2010/images/DiegoRivera-­‐ ElArsena-­‐540pl.jpg   •  hkp://2.bp.blogspot.com/-­‐zdfGtNhCeJ0/T9wYF8X3FFI/AAAAAAAAGg4/6luNKPHL9hw/s640/frida +kahlo+the+wounded+table+1940.jpg   •  hkp://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/01/jose-­‐guadalupe-­‐posada-­‐day-­‐of-­‐the-­‐ dead_n_2057382.html#slide=1709528   •  hkp://staPc.panoramio.com/photos/large/67249937.jpg   •  hkps://saradobie.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/gd5119794a-­‐woman-­‐prays-­‐in-­‐fron-­‐7814.jpg   •  hkp://uploads1.wikipainPngs.org/images/magdalena-­‐carmen-­‐frieda-­‐kahlo-­‐y-­‐calderón-­‐de-­‐rivera/ thinking-­‐about-­‐death-­‐1943.jpg