Metropolitan area network (man)
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Objective: 1. Configuring the MAN connection Background: A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a computer network that connects computers within a metropolitan area, which could be a single large city, multiple cities, and towns, or any given large area with multiple buildings. A MAN is larger than a local area network (LAN) but smaller than a wide area network (WAN).
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Mesh topology
Objective:
1. Mesh topology
Background:
A mesh topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another. This topology setup allows for most transmissions to be distributed even if one of the connections goes down. It is a topology commonly used for wireless networks.
Ring topology
Objective:
1. Ring topology
Background:
A ring topology is a network configuration where device connects by creating a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle. Together, devices in a ring topology are referred to as a ring network. This type of topology is highly efficient and handles heavier loads better than bus topology.
Hybrid topology
A hybrid topology is a type of network topology that uses two or more differing network topologies. These topologies can include a mix of bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology, and tree topology. Here in this experiment, I have used both Star topology and Bus Topology.
Star topology
Objective:
1. Star topology
Background:
A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. A star takes more cable than e.g. a bus, but the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down. Star topology is also known as a star network.
Bus topology
Background:
Bus topology is a specific kind of network topology in which all of the various devices in the network are connected to a single cable or line. Bus topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is connected to a single cable or backbone. Depending on the type of computer network card, a coaxial cable or an RJ-45 network cable is used to connect them together.
Topology
This document summarizes different network topologies:
- Bus topology connects all nodes to a single backbone cable and messages are broadcast to all nodes. It uses CSMA access method and is mainly used in Ethernet networks.
- Ring topology connects each node to two other nodes in a circular structure. Data travels through all intermediate nodes. Failure of any node causes network failure.
- Tree topology has a root node and other nodes connect hierarchically in groups. It is used in wide area networks and allows easy expansion and management.
- Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. The hub can be passive or active.
- Mesh topology connects every device to every other device through dedicated channels, making it robust
Different types of network topologies
Assignment Name: Different Types of Network Topologies
Department: Computer Science and Engineering
Course Name: Computer Networks
Course Code: CSE 317
Mail server
Objective:
1. Configuring the mail server
Background:
A mail server (or email server) is a computer system that sends and receives email. In many cases, web servers and mail servers are combined in a single machine. However, large ISPs and public email services (such as Gmail and Hotmail) may use dedicated hardware for sending and receiving emails.
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Mesh topology
Objective:
1. Mesh topology
Background:
A mesh topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another. This topology setup allows for most transmissions to be distributed even if one of the connections goes down. It is a topology commonly used for wireless networks.
Ring topology
Objective:
1. Ring topology
Background:
A ring topology is a network configuration where device connects by creating a circular data path. Each networked device is connected to two others, like points on a circle. Together, devices in a ring topology are referred to as a ring network. This type of topology is highly efficient and handles heavier loads better than bus topology.
Hybrid topology
A hybrid topology is a type of network topology that uses two or more differing network topologies. These topologies can include a mix of bus topology, mesh topology, ring topology, star topology, and tree topology. Here in this experiment, I have used both Star topology and Bus Topology.
Star topology
Objective:
1. Star topology
Background:
A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. A star takes more cable than e.g. a bus, but the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down. Star topology is also known as a star network.
Bus topology
Background:
Bus topology is a specific kind of network topology in which all of the various devices in the network are connected to a single cable or line. Bus topology is a network setup where each computer and network device is connected to a single cable or backbone. Depending on the type of computer network card, a coaxial cable or an RJ-45 network cable is used to connect them together.
Topology
This document summarizes different network topologies:
- Bus topology connects all nodes to a single backbone cable and messages are broadcast to all nodes. It uses CSMA access method and is mainly used in Ethernet networks.
- Ring topology connects each node to two other nodes in a circular structure. Data travels through all intermediate nodes. Failure of any node causes network failure.
- Tree topology has a root node and other nodes connect hierarchically in groups. It is used in wide area networks and allows easy expansion and management.
- Star topology connects all devices to a central hub. The hub can be passive or active.
- Mesh topology connects every device to every other device through dedicated channels, making it robust
Different types of network topologies
Assignment Name: Different Types of Network Topologies
Department: Computer Science and Engineering
Course Name: Computer Networks
Course Code: CSE 317
Mail server
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1. Configuring the mail server
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Bus topology has a main cable that devices connect to via drop lines, but has limits on distance and number of devices. Ring topology forms a circular path between devices but a single failure disrupts the whole network. Star topology uses a central hub that devices connect to for all communications, but a hub failure disables the whole system. Tree topology combines features of bus and star with a central root hub and branching lines to devices. Mesh topology connects every device directly to every other for redundancy but has high cabling costs. Hubs
Lab room topology design with dns server
A DNS server is a server that manages the domain name system or DNS protocols, matching Internet domain names and IP addresses. The DNS server may also manage domain resolution services.
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Network Topology
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Types of network topology
This document discusses different types of network topologies including their advantages and disadvantages. It describes bus topology, where all nodes are connected to a single backbone cable, ring topology where nodes are connected in an endless loop, star topology with a central hub, tree topology which combines star and bus, and mesh topology with multiple redundant connections between nodes. The document provides details on how each topology transmits data and concludes by listing common advantages like ease of setup or disadvantages like single point of failure for each network topology type.
Network Topology
The document discusses different network topologies including bus, ring, star, tree, mesh, and hybrid topologies. It describes the key characteristics of each topology such as their advantages and disadvantages. It also defines common networking devices like hubs, switches, routers, repeaters, and brouters explaining their basic functions.
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Classification of computer networks
This note contains details about the main four classifications of computer networks LAN, PAN, MAN & WAN.
Dns server
A DNS server is a server that manages the domain name system or DNS protocols, matching Internet domain names and IP addresses. The DNS server may also manage domain resolution services.
Osi model and tcpip model.
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- It explains transmission modes like simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
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Ring topology
Course Tittle: Computer Networks Theory
Course Code: CSE317
Topics: Ring Topology
Ring topology connects computer nodes in a continuous loop with no terminating ends. Data flows in one direction around the ring using a token passing access method. It has advantages like easy installation and management since only two links need changing to add or remove devices. However, it also has disadvantages like the whole network failing if one node or cable breaks, and communication delays increasing as more nodes are added to the ring.
Star topology
1) The document discusses the star topology for computer networks, where each device connects to a central hub. Communication between devices must go through the hub.
2) Advantages of the star topology include lower costs since each device only needs one connection to the hub, easier installation since each device connects to the hub, and robustness since failure of one link does not disrupt other links.
3) A disadvantage is that if the central hub fails, all connections are lost since the hub is a single point of failure.
Ass 3 1834902155 aka 313
The document discusses two models for data communication:
The OSI model partitions communication flows into 7 abstraction layers from physical implementation to distributed applications. Each layer serves the class of functionality above it and is served by the class below.
The TCP/IP model is a concise version of the OSI model and comprises 4 layers for standard communication protocols on computer networks like the internet. It connects hosts for transmission of data.
Both models characterize and standardize functions for interoperability between diverse communication systems.
Local area network (lan)
Objective:
1. Configuring the LAN connection
Background:
A local area network (LAN) is a collection of devices connected together in one physical location, such as a building, office, or home. A LAN can be small or large, ranging from a home network with one user to an enterprise network with thousands of users and devices in an office or school.
Man
A computer networks laboratory assignment involved creating a MAN using 6 computers, 2 switches, and copper connections in Cisco Packet Tracer. A MAN is a computer network larger than a single LAN but smaller than a WAN, consisting of multiple interconnected LANs within a single geographic area using dedicated backbone connections. The student created the assigned MAN diagram to complete Experiment 06.
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- It explains transmission modes like simplex, half-duplex, and full-duplex.
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- It provides details about IP addressing and IP address classes.
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Course Code: CSE317
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1) The document discusses the star topology for computer networks, where each device connects to a central hub. Communication between devices must go through the hub.
2) Advantages of the star topology include lower costs since each device only needs one connection to the hub, easier installation since each device connects to the hub, and robustness since failure of one link does not disrupt other links.
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The document discusses two models for data communication:
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ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting. Casting-Defect-inSlab continuous casting
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
Recycled Concrete Aggregate in Construction Part II
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society as a Graduate Student Member
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Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
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