This document defines and compares four types of computer networks: local area networks (LANs) which connect computers in a small area like a building using cables; personal area networks (PANs) which connect devices within 10 meters of an individual; metropolitan area networks (MANs) which connect multiple LANs in a city using telephone lines; and wide area networks (WANs) which span large geographical areas like states or countries using technologies like the internet. Each network type is defined by its size and connection methods.