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Metaphor to stimulate cross cultural relationships
The document discusses the use of metaphors in enhancing understanding and conversation across diverse cultures, particularly in Asian contexts. It explains how metaphors, by connecting familiar concepts to unfamiliar ones, can aid knowledge transfer and also emphasizes the challenges faced by individuals, such as nurses, in communicating effectively due to varying interpretations of metaphors. Additionally, it highlights the importance of cultural sensitivity when using metaphors to facilitate meaningful interactions and mutual understanding.
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Metaphor to stimulate cross cultural relationships
- 1. Metaphor use inAsia Enhance awareness and increase understanding through metaphor conversations Arthur Shelley RMIT Asia Forum August 8, 2012 © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 1 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 2. Metaphor Definitions andExamples “A figure of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance.” “A mighty fortress is our God.” “Something used, or regarded as being used, to represent something else; emblem; symbol.” Dictionary.com “Time is money” or “Argument is war” Lakoff and Johnston (1980) “The Art of War” http://www.military-quotes.com/Sun-Tzu.htm © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 2 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 3. Metaphor structure andpurpose Tenor Vehicle “All the world’s a stage, And all the men and women merely players; They have their exits and their entrances” William Shakespeare, in As You Like It Metaphor is an analogy to use something familiar (the Vehicle) to develop understanding of something less familiar (the Tenor) Metaphor is a figure of speech to aid knowledge transfer and learning through simplification and comparison. © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 3 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 4. Stories and Metaphor are embedded into our cultures Christianity and the Bible Chinese Cultural Teachings & Zodiac Arabic culture, Koran, Bedouin culture… Australian Aboriginal culture & metaphoric creation dance Jewish Talmud & Midrash Hindu Panchatantra stories Buddhist Jataka Tales © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 4 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 5. Zoo Leadership Styles Lion Aggressive Command and Control Territorial Charismatic or ego-driven Leads by fear © Arthur Shelley 2011 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use. 5
- 6. Zoo Leadership Styles Eagle Inspirational Above the mire Great long range vision Rapid action on opportunities Great instinct Strategic Leads strategically with vision © Arthur Shelley 2011 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 6 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 7. Choose your animalappropriately Behaviour is YOUR choice The more versatile you can be and the better you understand and relate to others, the more successful you will be. © Arthur Shelley 2011 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 7 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 8. However… Article addressing theeffectiveness of metaphors that bridge the gap between a known concept and one that is new to the learner, found that students from the majority culture and those for whom English is a second language can misunderstand metaphors. To communicate clearly pay special attention to the use of metaphors. One challenge to the nurse is effective communication, as the client may not yet have acquired the ability to understand common metaphors. The student who has been educated to be sensitive to these concerns will provide better care for these clients. Marilyn L. Weitzel, Effects of Metaphors for Asian and Majority-Culture Students. Home Health Care Management Practice December 2004 vol. 17 no. 1 14-21 © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 8 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 9. Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions http://geert-hofstede.com/national-culture.html © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 9 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 10. Behavioural DNA perspectives Positive contribution Negative contribution Asian Police? © Arthur Shelley 2011 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 10 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 11. Cultural perceptions… “East” “West” “Ultimate being” Evil icon to be slain Can mean “Death” Usually Knowledge Reliability, Stupidity, persistence stubborn Highlight differences in cultural perceptions to increase richness of interactions © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 11 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 12. Positively influencing outcomes through metaphor based interactions Metaphoric reflective conversations © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 12 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 13. Reflective Impact Diary ©Arthur Shelley 2009 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 13 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 14. Conclusions • Metaphor isa powerful tool to stimulate conversations about behaviour and behavioural differences and interactions • Reflective conversations stimulated using animals metaphor can work well across cultures PROVIDED the facilitator is sensitive to different cultural perceptions and interpretations • Discussing such differences enhances the richness of the interaction and the development of mutual understanding across participants © Arthur Shelley 2012 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 14 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.
- 15. Contact Arthur Shelley arthur@organizationalzoo.com FREE behavioural profile www.organizationalzoo.com/profiler Insights into behaviours www.organizationalzoo.com/blog www.organizationalzoo.com/ZooTube Consulting and mentoring www.intelligentanswers.com.au Ph +61 413 047 408 @Metaphorage #OrgZoo © Arthur Shelley 2011 under Creative Commons License. Available for public use provided 15 source is acknowledged. Permission of the author required for commercial use.