Meta Cognitive Knowledge and Autonomy in Learning The Case of Learners in the Second Cycle of Government Bilingual High School GBHS of Ouro Tchede, Cameroon
Traditionally school is the place of acquisition of knowledge, know how to do and know how to be, in order to render pupils blooming, autonomous and performance. But this idea seems inaccessible, for in our school environment numerous pupils who find difficulties in learning, be it on the employment of metacognitive knowledge as well as in their autonomy. It is this reality that inspires us to ask the main question in these terms does metacognitive knowledge influence autonomy in the learnings of students The answer to this question has helped to have the general hypothesis that follows metacognitive knowledge influences autonomy in learnings of second cycle students of Ouro Tchede high school. As such, to support our hypotheses, we have convoke four theories the theory of mental activity management, the theory of gaining of consciousness, the theory of identity building and the theory of auto determination. The method used is quali quantitative. The questionnaire and interview guide had been used to respectively collect data from 195 selected students from the stratified sample technics and 07 teachers. Data collected had been treated with the help of SPSS software in its 20.0 version while their analyses is been done thanks to content analysis and simple linear regression test. At the end of the said analysis, metacognitive knowledge significantly influences autonomy in learnings of Ouro Tchede high school students. Oyono Michel Tadjuidje "Meta-Cognitive Knowledge and Autonomy in Learning: The Case of Learners in the Second Cycle of Government Bilingual High School (GBHS) of Ouro Tchede, Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50250.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/50250/metacognitive-knowledge-and-autonomy-in-learning-the-case-of-learners-in-the-second-cycle-of-government-bilingual-high-school-gbhs-of-ouro-tchede-cameroon/oyono-michel-tadjuidje
Self Learning Activities in the Teaching of Senior High School SHS Discipline...ijtsrd
This study used a quantitative method of descriptive research to assess the performance of the 56 grade 11 students in the identified Most Essential Learning Competencies MELCs for Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences DISS at Agsungot Integrated School, Proper Agsungot Cebu City during the school year 2020 2021 as basis for the proposed self learning activities SLAs . The school is integrated, which caters from kindergarten to Senior High School, offering Humanities and Social Studies strand. The students performances, perceptions, and actual experiences were the content of the input and the starting point of this research. The researcher used weighted mean, frequency, Pearson product correlation, and P Value to ensure the studys validity, accuracy, and reliability. The key findings show that students performance in the three competencies for the first quarter exceeded the expectations in terms of results and exhibited mastery in most activities in the DISS. Also, students perception garnered a total of agreed responses with a mean of 2. 89. It signifies that the student exhibits agreement regarding the content, layout and design, and visual presentation on DISS self learning activities. Lastly, the respondents ratings according to their satisfaction experience revealed that most respondents had actual good experiences using the self learning module SLM . Gerald A. Lechadores "Self-Learning Activities in the Teaching of Senior High School (SHS) Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52144.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/52144/selflearning-activities-in-the-teaching-of-senior-high-school-shs-discipline-and-ideas-in-the-social-sciences/gerald-a-lechadores
ONLINE SELF-MANAGEMENT LEARNING, SELF-DISCIPLINE AND SELF-CONTROL ON STUDENTS...InternationalPublica
This study determined the influence of online self-management learning, self-discipline, and self-control on the academic performance of public junior high school students in Bustos, Bulacan during the School Year 2021-2022. With explanatory sequential mixed methods as research design and 287 students as respondents of the study, findings showed that the junior high school students almost always managed their online learning in terms of task strategies, time management, help seeking, and self-evaluation. Meanwhile, the junior high school students agreed that they have self-discipline in the new normal in terms of study in a plan and strongly agreed in terms of attention. On the other hand, the junior high school students are highly proficient in so far as their self-control in the new normal is concerned. The academic performance of the junior high school students in the new normal was described as “very satisfactory”. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion was drawn: There is a significant relationship between the junior high school students’ online self-management learning, self-discipline, self-control and their academic performance in the new normal. When the students can properly manage their online learning with self-discipline and self-control, they would be able to attain higher grades.
Purpose and Content of Distance LearningYogeshIJTSRD
The article deals with strengthening the learning motivation of learners, to develop the skills and abilities of independent learning. M. Botirov | Sh. Ziyaev "Purpose and Content of Distance Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38752.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38752/purpose-and-content-of-distance-learning/m-botirov
Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High Studentsijtsrd
The research was conducted at Matab ang National High School Toledo City Division -Region VII as a bases for an action plan for “Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High students in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu and the Scheme of Implementation of the Student’s Intervention Program of Matab ang National High School and evaluated on the level of students intervention program implementation in terms of Therapy Programs, Intervention Team Approaches, Supplemental Programs, Community Home School Partnership Programs and Whole School Reform Programs. Descriptive method was used. Questionnaires were given to 10 teachers and 240 students for evaluation. Gathered data were treated using total weighted points, weighted mean, and t test. Based on the findings and after a careful analysis and interpretation of the study, it is concluded that the ““Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu and the Scheme of Implementation of the Student’s Intervention Program of Matab ang National High School”. It was recommended that this study has identified the following key aspects of intervention for improving the literacy skills of students 1. promoting positive relationships between teacher and students by providing a designated teacher for intervention 2. providing at least three to five sessions of explicit intensive instruction per week 3. using experienced literacy teachers to facilitate the intervention 4. maintaining flexibility within the program to address changes in individual students’ interests and needs 5. working with other teachers to extend support into mainstream classes 6. monitoring and collecting evidence of students’ skills using a range of procedures 7. ensuring whole school support for the program and for literacy improvement and 8. allocating a warm, inviting room for withdrawal sessions. Maria Katrina S. Macapaz "Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49567.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49567/advocating-school-intervention-program-among-junior-high-students/maria-katrina-s-macapaz
Self Learning Activities in the Teaching of Senior High School SHS Discipline...ijtsrd
This study used a quantitative method of descriptive research to assess the performance of the 56 grade 11 students in the identified Most Essential Learning Competencies MELCs for Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences DISS at Agsungot Integrated School, Proper Agsungot Cebu City during the school year 2020 2021 as basis for the proposed self learning activities SLAs . The school is integrated, which caters from kindergarten to Senior High School, offering Humanities and Social Studies strand. The students performances, perceptions, and actual experiences were the content of the input and the starting point of this research. The researcher used weighted mean, frequency, Pearson product correlation, and P Value to ensure the studys validity, accuracy, and reliability. The key findings show that students performance in the three competencies for the first quarter exceeded the expectations in terms of results and exhibited mastery in most activities in the DISS. Also, students perception garnered a total of agreed responses with a mean of 2. 89. It signifies that the student exhibits agreement regarding the content, layout and design, and visual presentation on DISS self learning activities. Lastly, the respondents ratings according to their satisfaction experience revealed that most respondents had actual good experiences using the self learning module SLM . Gerald A. Lechadores "Self-Learning Activities in the Teaching of Senior High School (SHS) Discipline and Ideas in the Social Sciences" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52144.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/social-science/52144/selflearning-activities-in-the-teaching-of-senior-high-school-shs-discipline-and-ideas-in-the-social-sciences/gerald-a-lechadores
ONLINE SELF-MANAGEMENT LEARNING, SELF-DISCIPLINE AND SELF-CONTROL ON STUDENTS...InternationalPublica
This study determined the influence of online self-management learning, self-discipline, and self-control on the academic performance of public junior high school students in Bustos, Bulacan during the School Year 2021-2022. With explanatory sequential mixed methods as research design and 287 students as respondents of the study, findings showed that the junior high school students almost always managed their online learning in terms of task strategies, time management, help seeking, and self-evaluation. Meanwhile, the junior high school students agreed that they have self-discipline in the new normal in terms of study in a plan and strongly agreed in terms of attention. On the other hand, the junior high school students are highly proficient in so far as their self-control in the new normal is concerned. The academic performance of the junior high school students in the new normal was described as “very satisfactory”. Based on the findings of the study, the following conclusion was drawn: There is a significant relationship between the junior high school students’ online self-management learning, self-discipline, self-control and their academic performance in the new normal. When the students can properly manage their online learning with self-discipline and self-control, they would be able to attain higher grades.
Purpose and Content of Distance LearningYogeshIJTSRD
The article deals with strengthening the learning motivation of learners, to develop the skills and abilities of independent learning. M. Botirov | Sh. Ziyaev "Purpose and Content of Distance Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Research Development and Scientific Excellence in Academic Life , March 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38752.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/38752/purpose-and-content-of-distance-learning/m-botirov
Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High Studentsijtsrd
The research was conducted at Matab ang National High School Toledo City Division -Region VII as a bases for an action plan for “Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High students in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu and the Scheme of Implementation of the Student’s Intervention Program of Matab ang National High School and evaluated on the level of students intervention program implementation in terms of Therapy Programs, Intervention Team Approaches, Supplemental Programs, Community Home School Partnership Programs and Whole School Reform Programs. Descriptive method was used. Questionnaires were given to 10 teachers and 240 students for evaluation. Gathered data were treated using total weighted points, weighted mean, and t test. Based on the findings and after a careful analysis and interpretation of the study, it is concluded that the ““Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High in Matab ang National High School, Matab ang Toledo City Cebu and the Scheme of Implementation of the Student’s Intervention Program of Matab ang National High School”. It was recommended that this study has identified the following key aspects of intervention for improving the literacy skills of students 1. promoting positive relationships between teacher and students by providing a designated teacher for intervention 2. providing at least three to five sessions of explicit intensive instruction per week 3. using experienced literacy teachers to facilitate the intervention 4. maintaining flexibility within the program to address changes in individual students’ interests and needs 5. working with other teachers to extend support into mainstream classes 6. monitoring and collecting evidence of students’ skills using a range of procedures 7. ensuring whole school support for the program and for literacy improvement and 8. allocating a warm, inviting room for withdrawal sessions. Maria Katrina S. Macapaz "Advocating School Intervention Program among Junior High Students" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49567.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/49567/advocating-school-intervention-program-among-junior-high-students/maria-katrina-s-macapaz
This study examines the content of constructivist learning paradigms in the textbook and students' understanding of the Introduction to Education course. Data collection methods are the textbook, student answer documentation, focused review session and assignment of student resume. The textbook analysis found five substances of constructivist learning paradigm, namely the nature of human, lifelong education, learning independence, the role of information technology, and the integration of educational benchmarks, which are parts of the textbook chapters. Analysis of the answers to the tasks, quizzes and student exams indicates that the students' understanding of the substance of this material is still medium or partial but has increased significantly after a focused review session was held, i.e. 75% or more students have a good and complete understanding. From the results of this study, it is suggested that (1) the textbook of Introduction to Education is rewritten, to put the five substances of constructivist learning paradigm as separate chapters so as to obtain their broader and deeper study portion; and (2) the materials not yet understood well by the students should be reviewed through a focused review session.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Learning Modalities during the Covid 19 Pa...ijtsrd
The research was conducted at Matab ang National High School, Matab ang, Toledo City, Cebu as basis for an instructional support development plan. Quasi experimental method was used in the research. Respondents were grouped into two, online and modular learning, with 40 respondents in each group. Pre test and post test questionnaires were given to 80 respondents as instrument for evaluation. Gathered data were treated using frequency count, paired t – test, and t – test for independent samples. Results showed that there was significant difference between the pre test and post test scores for both groups. On the other hand, there was no significant mean gain difference between the pre test and post test scores between the two groups. Thus, it is highly recommended that the proposed instructional support development plan to address the needs of the students in strengthening and enhancing mathematical skills and learning be adopted with focus on school and home partnership, instruction and assessment, supplemental activities, and instructional support team approaches. Allan V. Pinili "Assessing the Effectiveness of the Learning Modalities during the Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52361.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/other/52361/assessing-the-effectiveness-of-the-learning-modalities-during-the-covid19-pandemic/allan-v-pinili
Reading Styles of 21st Century Learners in Modular Distance Learning Modalityijtsrd
This qualitative descriptive case study intended to identify the reading styles and challenges of twenty first century learners in modular distance learning modality. It prompted researchers to conduct similar or related research aiming at elucidating learners reading styles and experiences while participating in modular distant learning in the self learning module. The participants viewpoints and the development of their opinions on the phenomenon of interest that was researched were gathered through semi structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to choose participants, who were chosen using the snowball technique, a non probability method based on their knowledge of the study. Triangulation through focused group discussion was done to validate the data. The data was interpreted using thematic analysis. The study revealed that learners have a variety of reading styles, including the Blended Flexible Reading Style, which is a combination of blended instruction and strategy, as well as flexibility, which makes it easy to learn and apply. Motivational Interactive Reading Style, which is defined as learners interacting with what they are reading by learning effective techniques to navigate ambiguity, discern facts from opinions, and accumulate knowledge to achieve a certain goal, and Exploration and Innovative Reading Style which sheds light on potential strategies for enhancing students ability to navigate the new information world. It emphasizes the importance of countries stepping up efforts to combat emerging digital divides. It also looks into what teachers can do to help students navigate ambiguity and manage complexity. Karen Bebora- Rulete "Reading Styles of 21st Century Learners in Modular Distance Learning Modality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57507.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/57507/reading-styles-of-21st-century-learners-in-modular-distance-learning-modality/karen-bebora-rulete
Executive Functioning Skills of Learners with Special Educational Needs amids...ijtsrd
As the coronavirus spread and harmed the school system and learners with special educational needs, providing learning continuity through distance learning became a critical concern in education and a long term objective for all learners with special educational needs globally. The main purpose of this study was to help the functional skills of learners with special educational needs to be provided with an early intervention, necessary in everyday life and to identify how this pandemic challenged the parents in educating their children. This study utilized quantitative method where all learners aged from 9 to 36 years old, enrolled in special education class in the Schools Division of Toledo City were eligible for participation and serves the respondents of this study. The descriptive correlational with multi regression analysis and development of a theory identify the level of executive functional skills organization, planning, metacognition, time management, and self control, and develop a theory for learners with special educational needs. The descriptive survey method was the most successful and appropriate method in determining what significant variables may influence the development of executive functional abilities of learners with special educational needs. Fifty six learners with special educational needs were assessed in this study and majority of the learners. The study concluded learners executive functioning skills, organization skills 2.56 planning 2.86 , time management skills 2.86 , self control skills 2.98 , and metacognition 2.96 considered as averagely skilled with the overall aggregate mean of 2.84 . With this, school administrators must swiftly design responses with specific contexts in mind as the pandemic runs its course and must consider embedding the functional skills of learners with special needs across all academic areas. Marlon T. Villaver Jr. "Executive Functioning Skills of Learners with Special Educational Needs amidst Covid19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52263.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52263/executive-functioning-skills-of-learners-with-special-educational-needs-amidst-covid19-pandemic/marlon-t-villaver-jr
5E Instructional Model: Enhancing Students Academic Achievement in the Subjec...Dr.Nasir Ahmad
There are different instructional models that teachers adopted for the teaching of students different subjects. Among all those a student centered model is 5Es instructional model. This model concentrates on the engaging students, made exploration through students, explains and elaborate the learning concepts by students and then to evaluate students learning. All these 5Es provide ample space for students’ hands-on practices of the learning contents. This experimental study was conducted at primary level in the subject of General Sciences following pretest posttest equivalent group design. Two groups (control and experimental) were formed from 52 students of 5ht grade where both the groups were given same number students. The data were collected through the pretest and posttest and was analyzed through mean score, standard deviation and paired sample t test.The major findings of the study were that the overall academic achievements of experimental group taught with 5E instructional model enhanced significantly as compare to control group. The study also found significant increase indifferent aspects of cognitive domain of students’ learning; knowledge, application, comprehension and skill development abilities of experimental group taught with 5E instructional model.
Key words: 5Es instructional model, academic Achievements, Constructivist approach
Emerging Trends of Remote Learning in the Higher Education Challenges and Opp...YogeshIJTSRD
The COVID 19 pandemic has not only affected higher education on a global scale, but it has also brought numerous challenges to the higher education community. Remote learning refers to situations where learners and lecturers or information sources, separated by time and distance, and therefore cannot meet their needs in a traditional classroom environment. It can encompass a wide variety of learning opportunities. This could include exploring the natural world, activities to support students’ local communities with appropriate social distancing , and engaging in hands on projects and artistic creations that stem from students’ passions and experiences. The purpose of the study is to emphasize the benefits and impact of remote learning on higher education. The research method of this study used the second hand data listed in different databases of books, research papers and related articles on remote learning and higher education on the Internet. The research results of the paper show that higher education in India lacks challenges in terms of declining institutional income and national budget cuts, deterioration of financial conditions among students, quality problems of remote learning, and inefficient credit transfers. The study also reports on various opportunities for higher education. Researchers have found that remote learning can help promote flexible schedules. Learn important skills enhance technical knowledge a safer and more accessible environment a world full of possibilities walk your own way and build long remote friendships. Higher education institutions need to improve their quality and reputation. Colleges and universities should have good infrastructure to attract students. The government must promote cooperation between Indian higher education institutions and top international institutions. It can also establish links between national research laboratories and research centers of top institutions to improve quality and conduct collaborative research. Mrs. Ani Smriti | Mr. Rajesh Kumar "Emerging Trends of Remote Learning in the Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities after COVID -19 Situation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41132.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/general-management/41132/emerging-trends-of-remote-learning-in-the-higher-education-challenges-and-opportunities-after-covid-19-situation/mrs-ani-smriti
Priority Directions for Increasing the Effectiveness of Teaching the Module T...ijtsrd
Currently, the urgent tasks of modernizing the higher education system are to increase the efficiency of education, develop the level of professional competence of specialists, orient the management and teaching staff to innovative activities, introduce innovative educational and information and communication technologies into the educational process of higher educational institutions, master and target orientation. on the advanced foreign experience. This, in turn, necessitated the improvement of the content of educational and methodological activities in higher educational institutions, the widespread introduction of interactive teaching methods, modern information and communication technologies into practice. N. A. Rakhimova | M. O. Ochilova "Priority Directions for Increasing the Effectiveness of Teaching the Module "The Role of National Values in the Formation of Spirituality of Youth in the Family"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47853.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/47853/priority-directions-for-increasing-the-effectiveness-of-teaching-the-module-the-role-of-national-values-in-the-formation-of-spirituality-of-youth-in-the-family/n-a-rakhimova
Online Collaborative Learning Based Module for Araling Panlipunan 10ijtsrd
The self learning module SLM is one of the learning resource materials that aims to guide students under these modalities – Digital Modular and Online Learning. This study used a mixed method of experimental and descriptive research to assess the status of Online Collaborative Learning Based Module in Araling Panlipunan 10 among Grade 10 students through the pre test of the control group exposed to Online Individual Learning Based Module and experimental group exposed to the Online Collaborative Learning Based Module in the third quarter topics in the Most Essential Learning Competencies MELCs and the students’ learning experiences as to the use of the module based on the characteristics such as Social Interaction, Teamwork, and Individual Accountability. This study was conducted in Gun ob High School during the School Year 2019 2020. The improvement of the self learning module with online collaborative learning activities was crafted to address the students challenges in the new normal education. This study revealed that the students have better academic performance or scores in Araling Panlipunan 10 when they work their tasks by groups with the use of Online Collaborative Learning Based Module rather than doing it individually. The findings and conclusion indicate that it is recommended to use this modified self learning module especially for those students enrolled in Online Learning and Digital Modular Learning Modality. Stiffany Ruth B. Montejo "Online Collaborative Learning-Based Module for Araling Panlipunan 10" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52014.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52014/online-collaborative-learningbased-module-for-araling-panlipunan-10/stiffany-ruth-b-montejo
This study purposed to investigate researching anxiety of pre-service teachers
that might want to explain why they are able to learn successfully in the
context of difference in program of study. There were 15 pre-service teachers
in M.Ed. program of teaching science and mathematics voluntary
participated. Learning Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) was employed their
anxiety towards learning through Google Form. The study revealed that preservice
teachers
had
anxiety
at
medium
level.
However,
some
of
item
present
they
had
different
level
of
anxiety.
The
effective
learning
for
decreasing
level
anxiety
needs
to
be
more
discussed.
A14.naranjo.nieto.noa.ontaneda.orozco.ortega.ortiz.pluas.independent study me...JosselynNaranjo2
Evaluate the outcomes of your learning.
Group 3.
Independent Study Methods
Link of the video of page 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIx5pCzeP3Y&t=37s
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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This study examines the content of constructivist learning paradigms in the textbook and students' understanding of the Introduction to Education course. Data collection methods are the textbook, student answer documentation, focused review session and assignment of student resume. The textbook analysis found five substances of constructivist learning paradigm, namely the nature of human, lifelong education, learning independence, the role of information technology, and the integration of educational benchmarks, which are parts of the textbook chapters. Analysis of the answers to the tasks, quizzes and student exams indicates that the students' understanding of the substance of this material is still medium or partial but has increased significantly after a focused review session was held, i.e. 75% or more students have a good and complete understanding. From the results of this study, it is suggested that (1) the textbook of Introduction to Education is rewritten, to put the five substances of constructivist learning paradigm as separate chapters so as to obtain their broader and deeper study portion; and (2) the materials not yet understood well by the students should be reviewed through a focused review session.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the Learning Modalities during the Covid 19 Pa...ijtsrd
The research was conducted at Matab ang National High School, Matab ang, Toledo City, Cebu as basis for an instructional support development plan. Quasi experimental method was used in the research. Respondents were grouped into two, online and modular learning, with 40 respondents in each group. Pre test and post test questionnaires were given to 80 respondents as instrument for evaluation. Gathered data were treated using frequency count, paired t – test, and t – test for independent samples. Results showed that there was significant difference between the pre test and post test scores for both groups. On the other hand, there was no significant mean gain difference between the pre test and post test scores between the two groups. Thus, it is highly recommended that the proposed instructional support development plan to address the needs of the students in strengthening and enhancing mathematical skills and learning be adopted with focus on school and home partnership, instruction and assessment, supplemental activities, and instructional support team approaches. Allan V. Pinili "Assessing the Effectiveness of the Learning Modalities during the Covid-19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52361.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/other/52361/assessing-the-effectiveness-of-the-learning-modalities-during-the-covid19-pandemic/allan-v-pinili
Reading Styles of 21st Century Learners in Modular Distance Learning Modalityijtsrd
This qualitative descriptive case study intended to identify the reading styles and challenges of twenty first century learners in modular distance learning modality. It prompted researchers to conduct similar or related research aiming at elucidating learners reading styles and experiences while participating in modular distant learning in the self learning module. The participants viewpoints and the development of their opinions on the phenomenon of interest that was researched were gathered through semi structured interviews. Purposive sampling was used to choose participants, who were chosen using the snowball technique, a non probability method based on their knowledge of the study. Triangulation through focused group discussion was done to validate the data. The data was interpreted using thematic analysis. The study revealed that learners have a variety of reading styles, including the Blended Flexible Reading Style, which is a combination of blended instruction and strategy, as well as flexibility, which makes it easy to learn and apply. Motivational Interactive Reading Style, which is defined as learners interacting with what they are reading by learning effective techniques to navigate ambiguity, discern facts from opinions, and accumulate knowledge to achieve a certain goal, and Exploration and Innovative Reading Style which sheds light on potential strategies for enhancing students ability to navigate the new information world. It emphasizes the importance of countries stepping up efforts to combat emerging digital divides. It also looks into what teachers can do to help students navigate ambiguity and manage complexity. Karen Bebora- Rulete "Reading Styles of 21st Century Learners in Modular Distance Learning Modality" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd57507.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/57507/reading-styles-of-21st-century-learners-in-modular-distance-learning-modality/karen-bebora-rulete
Executive Functioning Skills of Learners with Special Educational Needs amids...ijtsrd
As the coronavirus spread and harmed the school system and learners with special educational needs, providing learning continuity through distance learning became a critical concern in education and a long term objective for all learners with special educational needs globally. The main purpose of this study was to help the functional skills of learners with special educational needs to be provided with an early intervention, necessary in everyday life and to identify how this pandemic challenged the parents in educating their children. This study utilized quantitative method where all learners aged from 9 to 36 years old, enrolled in special education class in the Schools Division of Toledo City were eligible for participation and serves the respondents of this study. The descriptive correlational with multi regression analysis and development of a theory identify the level of executive functional skills organization, planning, metacognition, time management, and self control, and develop a theory for learners with special educational needs. The descriptive survey method was the most successful and appropriate method in determining what significant variables may influence the development of executive functional abilities of learners with special educational needs. Fifty six learners with special educational needs were assessed in this study and majority of the learners. The study concluded learners executive functioning skills, organization skills 2.56 planning 2.86 , time management skills 2.86 , self control skills 2.98 , and metacognition 2.96 considered as averagely skilled with the overall aggregate mean of 2.84 . With this, school administrators must swiftly design responses with specific contexts in mind as the pandemic runs its course and must consider embedding the functional skills of learners with special needs across all academic areas. Marlon T. Villaver Jr. "Executive Functioning Skills of Learners with Special Educational Needs amidst Covid19 Pandemic" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-7 , December 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52263.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52263/executive-functioning-skills-of-learners-with-special-educational-needs-amidst-covid19-pandemic/marlon-t-villaver-jr
5E Instructional Model: Enhancing Students Academic Achievement in the Subjec...Dr.Nasir Ahmad
There are different instructional models that teachers adopted for the teaching of students different subjects. Among all those a student centered model is 5Es instructional model. This model concentrates on the engaging students, made exploration through students, explains and elaborate the learning concepts by students and then to evaluate students learning. All these 5Es provide ample space for students’ hands-on practices of the learning contents. This experimental study was conducted at primary level in the subject of General Sciences following pretest posttest equivalent group design. Two groups (control and experimental) were formed from 52 students of 5ht grade where both the groups were given same number students. The data were collected through the pretest and posttest and was analyzed through mean score, standard deviation and paired sample t test.The major findings of the study were that the overall academic achievements of experimental group taught with 5E instructional model enhanced significantly as compare to control group. The study also found significant increase indifferent aspects of cognitive domain of students’ learning; knowledge, application, comprehension and skill development abilities of experimental group taught with 5E instructional model.
Key words: 5Es instructional model, academic Achievements, Constructivist approach
Emerging Trends of Remote Learning in the Higher Education Challenges and Opp...YogeshIJTSRD
The COVID 19 pandemic has not only affected higher education on a global scale, but it has also brought numerous challenges to the higher education community. Remote learning refers to situations where learners and lecturers or information sources, separated by time and distance, and therefore cannot meet their needs in a traditional classroom environment. It can encompass a wide variety of learning opportunities. This could include exploring the natural world, activities to support students’ local communities with appropriate social distancing , and engaging in hands on projects and artistic creations that stem from students’ passions and experiences. The purpose of the study is to emphasize the benefits and impact of remote learning on higher education. The research method of this study used the second hand data listed in different databases of books, research papers and related articles on remote learning and higher education on the Internet. The research results of the paper show that higher education in India lacks challenges in terms of declining institutional income and national budget cuts, deterioration of financial conditions among students, quality problems of remote learning, and inefficient credit transfers. The study also reports on various opportunities for higher education. Researchers have found that remote learning can help promote flexible schedules. Learn important skills enhance technical knowledge a safer and more accessible environment a world full of possibilities walk your own way and build long remote friendships. Higher education institutions need to improve their quality and reputation. Colleges and universities should have good infrastructure to attract students. The government must promote cooperation between Indian higher education institutions and top international institutions. It can also establish links between national research laboratories and research centers of top institutions to improve quality and conduct collaborative research. Mrs. Ani Smriti | Mr. Rajesh Kumar "Emerging Trends of Remote Learning in the Higher Education: Challenges and Opportunities after COVID -19 Situation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd41132.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/general-management/41132/emerging-trends-of-remote-learning-in-the-higher-education-challenges-and-opportunities-after-covid-19-situation/mrs-ani-smriti
Priority Directions for Increasing the Effectiveness of Teaching the Module T...ijtsrd
Currently, the urgent tasks of modernizing the higher education system are to increase the efficiency of education, develop the level of professional competence of specialists, orient the management and teaching staff to innovative activities, introduce innovative educational and information and communication technologies into the educational process of higher educational institutions, master and target orientation. on the advanced foreign experience. This, in turn, necessitated the improvement of the content of educational and methodological activities in higher educational institutions, the widespread introduction of interactive teaching methods, modern information and communication technologies into practice. N. A. Rakhimova | M. O. Ochilova "Priority Directions for Increasing the Effectiveness of Teaching the Module "The Role of National Values in the Formation of Spirituality of Youth in the Family"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-1 , December 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47853.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/47853/priority-directions-for-increasing-the-effectiveness-of-teaching-the-module-the-role-of-national-values-in-the-formation-of-spirituality-of-youth-in-the-family/n-a-rakhimova
Online Collaborative Learning Based Module for Araling Panlipunan 10ijtsrd
The self learning module SLM is one of the learning resource materials that aims to guide students under these modalities – Digital Modular and Online Learning. This study used a mixed method of experimental and descriptive research to assess the status of Online Collaborative Learning Based Module in Araling Panlipunan 10 among Grade 10 students through the pre test of the control group exposed to Online Individual Learning Based Module and experimental group exposed to the Online Collaborative Learning Based Module in the third quarter topics in the Most Essential Learning Competencies MELCs and the students’ learning experiences as to the use of the module based on the characteristics such as Social Interaction, Teamwork, and Individual Accountability. This study was conducted in Gun ob High School during the School Year 2019 2020. The improvement of the self learning module with online collaborative learning activities was crafted to address the students challenges in the new normal education. This study revealed that the students have better academic performance or scores in Araling Panlipunan 10 when they work their tasks by groups with the use of Online Collaborative Learning Based Module rather than doing it individually. The findings and conclusion indicate that it is recommended to use this modified self learning module especially for those students enrolled in Online Learning and Digital Modular Learning Modality. Stiffany Ruth B. Montejo "Online Collaborative Learning-Based Module for Araling Panlipunan 10" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52014.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/52014/online-collaborative-learningbased-module-for-araling-panlipunan-10/stiffany-ruth-b-montejo
This study purposed to investigate researching anxiety of pre-service teachers
that might want to explain why they are able to learn successfully in the
context of difference in program of study. There were 15 pre-service teachers
in M.Ed. program of teaching science and mathematics voluntary
participated. Learning Anxiety Questionnaire (LAQ) was employed their
anxiety towards learning through Google Form. The study revealed that preservice
teachers
had
anxiety
at
medium
level.
However,
some
of
item
present
they
had
different
level
of
anxiety.
The
effective
learning
for
decreasing
level
anxiety
needs
to
be
more
discussed.
A14.naranjo.nieto.noa.ontaneda.orozco.ortega.ortiz.pluas.independent study me...JosselynNaranjo2
Evaluate the outcomes of your learning.
Group 3.
Independent Study Methods
Link of the video of page 5: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIx5pCzeP3Y&t=37s
Revised Action Research Proposal (Parts 1-8).pptxJohnMarkLaurio4
RESEARCH
Similar to Meta Cognitive Knowledge and Autonomy in Learning The Case of Learners in the Second Cycle of Government Bilingual High School GBHS of Ouro Tchede, Cameroon (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Meta Cognitive Knowledge and Autonomy in Learning The Case of Learners in the Second Cycle of Government Bilingual High School GBHS of Ouro Tchede, Cameroon
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these new approaches have revolutionized the
educational environment, over time they have
highlighted a major problem, namely the use by
learners of metacognitive knowledge allowing them
to be autonomous in their learning. Many learners
find it difficult to plan, to do a critical analysis.
Metacognition is today studied through the concept of
regulation of learning or self-regulation, of which it is
a central part in education; it is often a question of
developing metacognition in primary school but less
in secondary education, as if students from high
schools and colleges did not need it’s it will basically
be a question of seeing to what extent metacognitive
knowledge can be an aid for the autonomy in the
learning of the students of the high school of Ouro
Tchede.
In this article, we will begin our work with the
context and justification of the study, the definition of
the problem, the finding, the research questions and
the research objectives, then the methodological
framework and finally the presentation will follow.
Results and their discussion.
1. PROBLEMATIQUE
In this point, it will be a question of analyzing the
different contours of the problematic of the study.
This necessarily involves the presentation of the study
context, the position of the problem, the formulation
of research questions and research objectives and the
formulation of research hypotheses.
1.1. Context of the study
Nowadays, in the field of education, the acquisition of
knowledge no longer takes place in a traditional way
where the teacher alone had the monopoly of the
knowledge that he transmitted to the learners through
the courses previously prepared. In secondary
education, in addition to participating in teaching /
learning activities, students must invest themselves
independently in a series of tasks, including training
in problem solving, designing teaching tools. Studies
like blueprints and well .others in order to acquire
knowledge, develop skills and be able, during
assessments, to meet the demands of teachers, the
autonomy of the learner being crucial in the
management of their learning. According to the
model of Viau (2009), a strong motivation to carry
out a task, resulting from a pupil's perception of the
value of the task, his competence to carry it out and
the degree of control he a on the progress of its
execution, implies the engagement of this one on the
cognitive plan and .his perseverance. Since the 1990s,
the metacognitive ability has appeared of great
interest in the effectiveness of learning. However, we
find distant premises in all forms of pedagogy
attached to autonomy and the watchword "learn to
learn". Much work concerns this capacity, as well as
the means of strengthening it. However, evaluations
have shown that it is often impossible to achieve a
high level of training without a great deal of
metacognition being developed. Depending on their
natural predisposition and character, the learner is
more or less attentive to their way of learning, of
understanding and of solving problems. In the same
vein, many psychological and sociological authors
such as Bouffurd-Bouchard (1991), Doly (1996) have
observed that students who fail are not metacognitive
due to the non-use of control strategies, manage
randomly without awareness, lean on surface indices
and incorrectly encode the task, the data; so they don't
really understand what they're doing. They give up
when they fail and are dependent on outside help, so
they don't memorize for understanding when they
succeed. Conversely, successful students are
metacognitive and self-regulating due to their
knowledge of themselves and the choice of good
learning strategies to improve their performance.
ln Cameroon, where the field of education faces many
challenges such as drug use, violence, delinquency in
educational settings, learning has become, so to
speak, a real challenge for learners and teachers alike.
In the Far North region, we were able to observe, at
the end of a pre-survey carried out among 30 learners
and 10 teachers from the high school of Ouro-Tchédé,
a low rate (35%) of learners getting involved
autonomously in their learning activities. «These
students in classrooms may give the right answers at
one point, but then later they are unable to give their
own strategy that they used to find the solution "this
is reported by 8 of their teachers; succeeding in a task
does not only mean giving the right answer, it is
above all adopting the right process because the
student is called upon to do alone what he was doing
previously with the help of the teacher. These
students find it difficult to understand that more often
than not, the sequence of questions has a logical
sequence, for example, to succeed in the second one
must absolutely use the first. At this level, we see that
they mismanage their mental activity in solving
problems. Faced with a failure, these students are not
aware of what they know or what they do not know,
they do not control their learning and throw
themselves into the task in a hazardous manner
without realizing it or even giving up quickly without
effort. They lose sight of the purpose of the tasks
requested because they do not understand it correctly
and finally they have difficulty memorizing the
knowledge and transferring it to other times in their
learning. Ssuddenly, we see that they did not develop
the metacognitive knowledge that could help them
become independent. The work carried out by Barbot
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and Camatarri (1999) shows that the learning
experience actually consists of a continuous osmosis
between what is outside and what is inside the
learning subject, but taking into account this that the
inner dimension is the one that decides success of the
learning process, since it is the interior of subjectivity
that decides, autonomously what meanings to
attribute to external requests, but the majority of
students do not know or do not master this notion.
The authors further point out that the most successful
students who persevere in their studies are those who
know how to take advantage of the help available to
them and those who know how to use metacognition.
Also, the lack of self-confidence generates in the
student a feeling of fear to do even if he defends
himself and takes an attitude of impact that mobilizes
his mental resources; then he does not have enough
resources to use the memories he has previouslybuilt,
whether it is .proper academic knowledge or know-
how such as knowing how to reason. The situation
then constitutes a vicious circle: he does not have
self-confidence, he cannot mobilize his cognitive as
well as metacognitive knowledge; but since he cannot
use prior knowledge, he can only readjust the
metacognitive skills necessary to understand and .so
learn. This is the story of a student with learning
difficulties. Law n ° 98/004 of April 14, 1998 on the
orientation of national education in Cameroon
recognizes education as a national priority, these
missions are summed up through the development of
creativity, a sense of initiative and openness to the
world. Eeducation in Cameroon is trying to move
gradually towards a better operationalization of
teaching-learning, in particular through a paradigm
shift from traditional pedagogy to forms of pedagogy
more centred on learners towards an approach by
skills more suited to our times and to scientific
advances in education which, in general, are not being
implemented properly in institutions. Ffollowing the
same logic, Assoah Etoga (2018: 3) asserts that “no
regulatory device in this process is neither formally
put in place, nor practiced, nor mastered by teachers
in their teaching practices from a metacognitive
perspective for bring students to their .autonomy in
learning ”.
In the Far North in particular and more precisely in
Maroua which is a priority education zone, the
situation of autonomy in learning is very worrying if
we refer to the work recently carried out within the
framework of the Teaching-Learning Process at
Cameroon (PEA). We note that, whatever the
obstacles which exist vis-à-vis the pedagogical,
didactic and metacognitive relations in connection
with the heterogeneity of the class and the target
people of learning, nothing is done in our schools to
gain real autonomy in student learning. So we can say
that what is done should not be done and what needs
to be done is not done. This assertion is justified by
the means of the indirect observations and by the
interviews which one made with the pupils of the
Seconde, the Première and Terminale of the high
school of Ouro Tchede in November 2020. 80% of
them prefer the subjects where only a simple one is
required of them restitution of the concepts taught;
the reason they give this preference is that it is just a
matter of memorizing the concepts learned in order to
be able to answer the questions. Therefore, they have
certain difficulties in reinvesting what they are
supposed to have acquired. in fact, as the educational
approach in the classroom becomes more trans
missive for others, the students copy the teaching
content, do exercises given as homework only to
avoid sanctions; for them it is enough to solve the
problem regardless of whether they understand or not,
provided that they just avoid the penalty. They find
themselves revising their lessons the day before an
assessment or even the same day, thus doing a
mechanical memorization that does not take into
account an acceptable level of comprehension.
The data collected in the statistical report of the
results of the end of the first quarter of 2020-2021 of
the high school of Ouro Tchede during one of our
visits for our pre-survey on January 14, 2021 at 10
a.m., highlight these difficulties in terms of
performance made by these students. For the students
of the Scientific Terminale (C and D) in subjects
which require much more analysis, methodical
understandings such as: French, mathematics,
literature, philosophy; the success rate vary between
39.25 and 40%; the general averages are between 8
and 9. Those of the Literary Terminale (A) in their
basic subjects, that is to say who have the greatest
coefficient where they are supposed to have high
marks, end up with mediocre marks (in French, the
general average being 8.81 / 20 and in philosophy,
9.88 / 20). For those in Première and Seconde in
subjects such as French, literature and philosophy or
mathematics, their success rate varies between
43.22% and 44.5%. The conclusion is therefore
obvious: most students, I e 80%, find it difficult to get
involved effectively and above all independently in
their learning subjects which require a spirit of
synthesis or establishment of links between
previously acquired notions seem inaccessible to
them for lack of concrete learning strategies. When
faced with failure, most of these students think only
of turning to teachers or classmates for better
explanations; in other words, they use little or no
metacognitive resources, so we see that these students
are not autonomous in their learning even less apt to
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use or not their cognitions to solve a concrete
problem.
1.2. Theoretical Orientations
From the perspective of cognitive psychology, the
term metacognition refers to the ability to reflect on
our own thinking and control over our cognitive
strategies. .Designed from this angle, it is desirable to
distinguish two important aspects of metacognition:
knowledge and control. .if we refer to the knowledge
aspect, it emerges that the learner is in the presence of
a learning activity, and must "be aware of the
demands of the task, of the strategies with the help of
which he can achieve it adequately”(Tardif 1992: 59,
cited by Cyr 1998: 113). As to control; it refers to the
active and conscientious planning, regulation and
evaluation of the learner of his activities throughout
the learning process.
- Antoine de La Garanderie's theory of
management of mental activity (2010)
In this theory, he reflects on the reasons for student
success and failure, highlighting the different mental
gestures involved in thinking and learning. He seeks
to understand how each one operates to memorize,
reflect, imagine and pay attention. To do this, he
analyzed the mental learning strategies implemented
by successful students. Antoine de la Garanderie
affirmed that the success of a task depended, among
other things, on the mental gestures that the pupils
and students displayed. The data he has collected over
many years has enabled him to identify different
learning profiles. These profiles are organized around
mental habits that involve real mental gestures that
can be described, compared and, above all, taught. To
achieve this, three major axes must be developed.
Lead to self-knowledge: students must become
aware of the mental habits they implement during
various activities. He must be able to differentiate
between evocations and perception, this
distinction is essential for him to be able to
highlight the project structuring any evocation.
Broadening skills: this axis allows an awareness
of cognitive processes as well as an understanding
of them, in order to develop them adequately. The
practitioners want to help everyone to develop the
essential and to appropriate it. Once the student is
aware of their evocative habits. The teacher is
then able to suggest other mental strategies for
him to have a greater variety of mental habits.
This diversity gives students choices to improve
their performance.
Lead to autonomy: the pupil is then placed alone
in the face of choices and must determine which
means are most suitable for him and which, on the
contrary, are less effective. This leads him
towards an autonomy where he is the "promoter,
even creator, of his means of success".
lt is said in this theory that, in order to be able to
control these mental processes, one must first know
them and then become aware of them. The student
must distinguish when to use them and why; the more
they are aware, the more we can act on it and with it.
The more they are explained, the more we can
appropriate them. What is decisive in pupils with
difficulties is the management of thought. They
usually have problems with planning, controlling,
regulating, and where they lack the knowledge to
manage their thinking. It is therefore understood,
according to this theory, that depending on the degree
of management of mental activity, the individual is
involved in demonstrating his performance or his
personal ability to perform a task. In fact, the theory
analyzes what is going on in the mind of the learner.
It therefore sheds light on our study insofar as it
emphasizes the cognitive functioning of the learner
with a view to giving him support to develop mental
gestures which are not used independently and which
could fault during learning.
Goudeseune (2021) does not totally agree with the
theory of mental management, because for the latter,
the differences in school are due to the sensory nature
of our memories, visual or auditory. A visual pupil
will not optimally assimilate a lesson to oral while an
auditory pupil learns badly from books, written
materials, he needs to listen. Depending on the
management of mental activity, academic failure
occurs when teaching is mainly visual for an auditory
student or vice versa. For her, sensory memories do
exist, but are of short duration while visual or
auditory information is developed in more abstract
memories, the main ones for education and learning
autonomy are: lexical memory (morphology. words,
graphics), semantic memory (meaning), memory of
images (virtual images, memory of things, animals,
etc.) and also note that the learner's difficulties stem
more from ignorance of the means he uses. Use when
it succeeds, hence the theory of taking conscience of
Piaget (1974).
- Jean Piaget's Theory of Awareness (1974b)
The author also assumes that the acquisition of
thought from experiences can only occur through
awareness and therefore reflection on one's own
cognitive development. ln his theory, Piaget (1974b)
commented by Quiles (2014) is interested in the
notion of awareness of one's own cognitive processes
through the development of the child.
He distinguishes between “succeed” and
“understand”; to succeed is to understand in action, a
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given situation to a sufficient degree to achieve the
proposed goals, and to "understand" is to succeed in
dominating in thought the same situations until being
able to solve the problems which they pose as for why
and how of the connections observed and otherwise
used in action. Success is therefore the materialization
of understanding, visible thanks to the results
obtained by the learner.
Thus, awareness consists of a conceptualization of
material actions, that is, a transformation of action
patterns into notions and operations. Piaget
distinguishes three stages in this conceptualization,
which thus follow one another during the
development of the child: the preoperative stage, the
stage of concrete operations and the stage of formal
operations.
The first step is "material without conceptualization"
action there is at this stage no conscious knowledge.
The child succeeds in material tasks, but is not able to
give reasons for his actions. The second step is
conceptualization from awareness. The child is then
able to represent and describe the event, and also to
explain the why and how. In the third stage,
"awareness" develops into a reflection of thought on
itself, or reflective abstraction. This allows the child
to compare different steps, including those he has not
actually taken, and to consider different causal
hypotheses. It is no longer the action which is at the
origin of the understanding of a situation, but the
understanding which directs the action.
Awareness, necessary for learning can modify
learning to make it more autonomous, in the sense
that it will allow the pupil to know the functions
which he fulfills when he learns, to evaluate, to
criticize his approaches, to discover a relevant choice
of strategies and so to decide whether or not to
regulate his way of learning. This theory sheds more
light on our study insofar as it can help the pupil to
structure his knowledge in a personal and explicit
way, to be aware of what he is doing, to give meaning
to his action and to follow his own path of evolution.
On the other hand, this awareness alone would not
suffice to speak of metacognitive knowledge; you
have to have self-confidence because you can know
something but later doubt it, if you don't have good
self-esteem. Also, if Piaget clarifies for us what
awareness is, it leaves a certain vagueness as to which
states of consciousness we access. We know how to
access them, but we do not always know how to name
them without confusing the name of the level with
that of the process that leads to it. .because when we
say that the awareness of one's way of learning
influences the autonomy in the student's learning,
what state of consciousness is it?
André's identity construction theory (2005)
Self-esteem is described as a fundamental factor of
the personality (André, 2005), building the very
essence of the individual. lt represents the attitudes
and feelings, positive or negative, that the individual
has about himself, both in terms of his abilities and
characteristics as well as in his actions and
performances. According to André (2005), good self-
esteem facilitates engagement in action, is associated
with more reliable and accurate self-evaluation, and
allows greater emotional stability. A student with low
self-esteem is at risk of not finding the energy to
engage in school learning. Hence, this theory comes
to clarify the choice of the variable "self-confidence"
in our research, insofar as a bad self-esteem could
have an impact on the learning of the students of the
high school of Ouro Tchede because for the present
theory, it is not so much the capacities real things that
matter to him or her to learn, but those that he thinks
he has. Here, it is about getting students to focus on
the progress made and on the means they can acquire
in order to better master the tasks to be performed.
- The theory of self-determination of Deci & Ryan
(2002)
The theory of self-determination holds that the human
being engages in actions at various levels of
engagement. Basically, human beings have innate
needs for self-determination and competence, in
particular the need for autonomy, the need for
competence and the need for relationships with
others. Here, the student must clearly understand that
his responsibility is engaged and that it is his
involvement that will be decisive in his success.
According to this theory, in order to promote the
motivation and commitment of the student and to
encourage him to persevere, it is therefore necessary
to create and implement work situations that promote
autonomy and support feelings of competence and
social belonging to arouse a spontaneous motivation
and by choice. These authors distinguish three main
forms of motivation that they differentiate by their
degree of self-determination, that is to say the degree
with which an activity is carried out having freely
consented to it and with a feeling of internal
coherence, of agreement with oneself. Self-
determined motivation has several consequences:
It brings a positive emotion,
it strengthens interest through activity,
it decreases anxiety and stress,
it activates concentration,
it increases the time spent practicing,
it promotes better learning and results.
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The theory of self-determination sheds light on the
notion of self-knowledge which is one of our
variables, by showing the close link it shares with the
involvement of learners. Indeed, a learner who
ignores that there is a relationship between his results
and his performance cannot logically improve also
the satisfaction of these needs is fundamental and
beneficial for the learner since it causes in them the
adoption of a self-determined motivation and
positively influences their performance. .in fact,
autonomy means the desire for choice and control, to
be an actor in one's learning, to feel the will that
accompanies it in all activity.
It is recognized that a teacher should use a style
supporting autonomy in order to nurture students'
basic needs, to develop their self-determined
motivation. .but so far these three needs have only
been studied together, they have never been studied
independently, so little is known about the exact link
between each need and the development of self-
determined motivation. .however, it is possible that an
effective dominance relationship exists between these
three needs which elicit self-determined motivation in
the student, therefore if all three needs are satisfied.
.one of them can influence the self-determined
motivation of the student more than the others, to date
there is not yet a fine enough study to determine if
there is an order of priority in the satisfaction of the
needs.
1.3. Formulation of the problem
Autonomy in effective learning mobilizes a strong
responsibility on the part of the learner at the
cognitive, affective and conative level; because we
say "we only integrate what we have learned
ourselves" that is to say that the integration is done as
soon as there is an appropriation in .his learning.
Without these notions, autonomy in learning would
be called into question. this being the case, the
difficulties related to learning do not come only from
the simple disruption in the process of acquisition,
motivation, commitment, but also from the level of
metacognitive knowledge by the students which could
constitute a real obstacle. .because learning is
considered successful when the learner is able to use
his intelligence outside the presence of his educator
(Hameline, 1995), therefore to learn autonomously is
to free himself from the grip of the teacher in order to
control his own cognitive activity .Indeed, in a school
context where we advocate new approaches, we will
ask the pupil to develop his functional autonomy and
his intellectual autonomy, that is to say to do alone
but the observation is clear: he is not uncommon to
notice problems relating to autonomystudents in their
learning due to lack of ownership by these students of
their learning activities; the following phenomena are
then recurrent: 50% of students cannot detach their
imagination. In assessments, when faced with
exercises that require evocation, attention and
understanding they do not. They just want to find an
answer to the problem at all costs. .these students are
also in difficulty because they have no contact with
their evocations, they ignore what is going on in their
intellect and which could indeed be very useful for
them to be successful.
We have the low participation of students in tutorials
or in classroom interactions, in fact the information
collected from some teachers asserts that nearly 20%
to 25% of students do not participate in the classroom
or during presentations when there is for example a
.work to be done on five students, so one student does
the work.55% of these students do not master what
they know concretely; they are more for
memorization and restitution when the time comes,
without however having control over their ways of
learning or their skills and limitations: manysaid they
only have one learning technique, reading to recite.
During evaluations they have difficulty answering
analytical or argumentative questions, some do not
know how to proceed and others have no idea how to
go about it; when faced with a test, they are quick to
answer without, however, taking the time to
understand the questions.
to this is added a poor self-esteem, suddenly it
prevents them from effectively engaging in a task,
learning effectively, being able to evaluate
themselves to lower their learning goal and have the
personal conviction of what 'they do without doubting
it regularly or self-deprecate.80% of these students
rarely do monitoring or feedback and the few from
the second cycle that we had to meet at the high
school of Ouro Tchede do not ask themselves if they
are achieving their goals, if they are doing it well
way. These students find it difficult to question what
they really have to do with a task.
When faced with failure, they think only of turning to
teachers or peers for better explanations in other
words, they use little or no metacognitive resources,
all of this reflects a lack of autonomy in learning.
Based on these observations, it is important to ask the
following question: does metacognitive knowledge
influence the learning autonomy of second cycle
students of the high school of Ouro Tchede? .more
specifically, does the management of mental activity,
the awareness of one's way of learning, self-
confidence, self-knowledge influence the autonomy
in the learning of students in the second cycle of high
school? 'Ouro Tchede?
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The answers to these questions allowed the
formulation of a general hypothesis and four specific
ones, in particular, metacognitive knowledge
influences the autonomy in the learning of the
students of the high school of Ouro Tchede. .more
specifically, the management of mental activity,
awareness of one's way of learning, self-confidence,
self-knowledge influence the learning autonomy of
students at the high school of Ouro Tchede.
The general objective is to show that metacognitive
knowledge influences autonomy in the learning of
second cycle students of the high school of Ouro
Tchede. .very specifically, we propose to show that
the management of mental activity, the awareness of
one's way of learning, self-confidence, self-
knowledge influences the autonomyin the learning of
students of the lycée d ' Ouro Tchede.a scientific
interest has been established and this relates to the
problematic of pupils in difficulty concerning the fact
that metacognition helps the development of student
self-esteem and motivation. This aspect is also based
on the difference between failing students and
successful students; indeed the latter, because of their
metacognition are aware that it is their actions which
are at the base of their success thus, the failure does
not appear as inevitable or uncontrollable as of .when
a sense of self-efficacy develops and students can
take a positive look at themselves which helps
develop their self-esteem and their motivation to
succeed gives meaning to their learning.
2. Methodology
The target population is all the students targeted by
this study, for whom we want to collect information
and extrapolate the results. .our target population is
represented by the students of the Second Cycle of
the Lycée of Ouro Tchede, that is to say the students
of the second, first and final classes. In total we will
have an enrolment of 633 students.
Our sample consists of 195 students. we used the
stratified sampling technique because the sample is
drawn from the different classes of the Second Cycle,
our choice of the Second Cycle is justified by the fact
that at this stage, the level of cognitive development
of the students is higher and they are older too, likely
to become aware of their ways of learning and to
develop their autonomy on their own. ..Therefore we
will have a representative sample for each class and
in each Series (A, C, D). The sampling technique is
the stratified one. The stratum refers to learners in the
second cycle classes according to gender .It was on
the basis of this technique that the study sample was
drawn and we therefore used several data collection
instruments. We had to carry out semi-structured
interviews with 7 teachers and a general supervisor.
Table 1: Size of the study sample and
distribution of students by level
levels
Sizes of the
population
boys girls
Form five 53 28 25
lowersixth 91 48 23
Uppersixth 51 33 18
Total 195 195 195
To collect information on this topic, we used two
research techniques: the interview and the
questionnaire.
The interview guide is a written list of topics related
to our assumptions. .and these themes or questions
may not follow in order depending on the
participants. This process is done face to face
between the investigator and the interviewee. As part
of our study, we used the interview guide that we
established based on our research hypotheses. .these
constitute open themes with open questions. These
interview themes relate to the management of mental
activity, awareness of one's way of learning, self-
confidence, self-knowledge and autonomy in
learning. .the questionnaire is made up of closed
questions and puts forward a preamble, the
identification of the interviewee which is based on
variables related to gender, class, series and religious
obedience; the body of the questionnaire being made
up of the variables of .research hypotheses. The
questionnaire is presented in the form of small tables.
It offers statements for which subjects must position
themselves on a scale similar to that of Likert but
comprising, for its part, four modalities:
Completely disagree: the statement never applies;
.somewhat disagree: the statement rarely applies;
Somewhat agree: the statement applies often;
Completely agree: the statement still applies
The data collected is processed using SPSS software
in version 20.0. .they are analyzed quantitatively and
qualitatively using the simple linear regression test
for quantitative data and content analysis for
qualitative data.
3. Results
in this section, it is a question of verifying the
significant relationship that could exist between
metacognitive knowledge and autonomy in the
learning of students of the Second cycle of the high
school of Ouro Tchede.
3.1. the management of mental activity as the basis
of autonomy in student learning
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Table 2: Summary of the Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson
1 ,413 ,170 ,166 ,87073 1,599
According to table 2, the value of the Dublin and Watson statistic which is 1.174 is between [0.4] so there is no
autocorrelation of the errors. Here, we see that the correlation coefficient is equal to 0.413 which means that the
link between VI1 and DV is relatively average. .r-deux which is the coefficient of determination is equal to
0.170 which means that 17% of the variation in autonomy in the learning of the students of the Second cycle of
the high school of Ouro Tchede is explained by variables related to the management of the activity mental.
Tableau n°3: ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 30,054 1 30,054 39,641 ,000
Residual 146,325 193 ,758
Total 176,379 194
The ANOVA table shows us a Fisher's F of 39.641 significant at the 5% level which is greater than (Flu) i.e.
theoretical F, which signifies the good fit of the model at a level below 5%.
Tableau n°4: Finale de l’analyse Coefficients
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients T Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 2,430 ,117 20,690 ,000
The management of mental activity ,324 ,051 ,413 6,296 ,000
The table shows that the value of Beta 0 (2.430), Beta 1 (0.413), and the associated Student's t is 6.296 with a p
= (0.000). Based on the analysis of the linear regression model, this corroborates the prediction of hypothesis
(H1) and means that the relationship between the two variables is positive. .therefore the null hypothesis (Ho) is
rejected and the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted. We can conclude with a margin of error of 5% that we
are wrong that the management of mental activity influences the autonomy in the learning of the Second Cycle
students of the Lycée d'Ouro Tchede. .these results corroborate the conception of Antoine de la Garanderie for
whom learning the principles of mental management means becoming more efficient and autonomous in his
learning, whatever the field. .during mental activity management sessions, we learn to become aware of our
sensations, to construct a mental object through the interpretation of its sensations, to improve its perceptual
activity, to evoke past knowledge. .it will also be a question of establishing a realistic project for the learner and
according to this author mental management is a journey within oneself, an introspective journey which will lead
the learner on the path of autonomy and the performance. .mental gestures are essential in the learning process.
3.2. awareness of one's way of learning as a basis for student autonomy in learning.
Tableau n°5: Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson
1 ,549 ,301 ,297 ,79921 1,463
According to the table presented above, it emerges that R, the correlation coefficient is 0.549 and that R-deux
which represents the coefficient of determination is equal to 0.301, which means that 30.1% of the autonomy
variation in the student learning is explained by the variable of .awareness of their way of learning.
Tableau n°6: ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 53,103 1 53,103 83,138 ,000
Residual 123,276 193 ,639
Total 176,379 194
On the Anova table, Fisher's F is equal to 83.138 which is significant at the threshold of 0.000 (less than 0.05)
and greater than (Flu) this confirms the good quality of the model at a significance level of 5%.
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Tableau n° 7 : Analyse finale de Coefficients
Model
Unstandardized
Coefficients
Standardized
Coefficients t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1,538 ,176 8,735 ,000
the consciousness of the way to learn ,602 ,066 ,549 9,118 ,000
The analysis of the linear model shows that there is a significant link between the endogenous variable
(autonomous in learning) and the exogenous variable (awareness of one's way of learning). .indeed we notice
that the associated Student's t value is 9.118 so it is greater than 2 and that the significance is less than the 5%
threshold. .then, the direction of the relationship is verified by the sign of Beta0 which is 1.538 and Beta1, 0.66
which are all positive confirming the positive effect of the explainable variable on the explained variable.
.thus, from the equation we can say that awareness of one's way of learning is a positive function of autonomyin
learning. .in the same logic Morin says that "awareness of his reflective way of learning mobilizes self-
awareness and commits the subject to a critical reorganization of his knowledge" If the learner arrives at the
level where the mind considers itself - even, this will allow him ".self-description, self-correction and self-
development of their learning ".balas (1998) says that "when man learns, he uses more or less conscious and
more or less effective approaches" through this sentence we see the importance of awareness in his act of
learning and especially for that it is effective. In traditional education, to bring the pupil to a certain awareness of
his learning, he is naturally asked "how did you do that?" How did you achieve this result?.» This allows the
student to review their learning a little and give meaning to their act of knowing
3.3. Self-confidence as a factor favorable to autonomy in student learning.
Tableau n°8: Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson
1 ,580 ,337 ,333 ,77847 1,284
According to the model Summary table, the correlation coefficient is 0.580 and R-deux is 0.337 which means
that 33.7% of the endogenous variable is explained by the exogenous variable.
Tableau n°9: ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1 Regression 59,418 1 59,418 98,046 ,000
Residual 116,962 193 ,606
Total 176,379 194
On the Anova table, Fisher's F is equal to 98.046 which is significant at the threshold of 0.000 (less than 0.005)
and greater than (Flu); this confirms the correct adjustment of the model.
Tableau n°10: Analyse finale de Coefficients
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
T Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1,069 ,208 5,130 ,000
Self-knowledge ,672 ,068 ,580 9,902 ,000
According to the table, there is a significant link between the dependent variable (autonomy in learning) and the
independent variable (self-confidence). .indeed, we notice that the Student's t value is 9.902 so it is greater than 2
and that the significance is less than the 5% threshold. .also we note that, the direction of the relation is verified
by the sign of Beta which is 1.069 and Beta1, 0.580 which are both positive, confirming the positive effect of
self-confidence on autonomy in learning. .we can therefore conclude that the null hypothesis (H0) is rejected and
the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted with a margin of error of 5%. .consequently having a good self-
confidence influences the autonomy in the learning of the students of the Second cycle, We understand why in a
tense emotional atmosphere and under stress, the student is not able to develop his cognitive skills and does not
is not available for a .independent learning. Post (1993), considers that an individual's ability to learn depends on
their emotional state. Learning on your own is not just memorizing knowledge, in order to learn effectively you
have to believe in your ability to do so. Emotions come into play. .think, for example, of a person who has some
power over you as the teacher and who would say to you, "I need you to do this task. I know you're not going to
get there since you never get anything done. But we can always try”. .how do you think you approach this task
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and what would be the end result? There is no doubt that there is a great chance that you will fail at this task.
Self-esteem is defined as the positive assessment of oneself. .it is based on the awareness of one's own worth and
of one's inalienable importance as a human being, it is not only a question of having qualities, skills, aptitudes
and know-how which all one each is provided. .It is first of all a matter of knowing them and being aware of
them as assets which allow any new situation to be approached serenely and succeed. ."I suck in class", "it is
useless that I study, anyway I will not succeed" ... these reflections are from students who do not believe in
themselves, an experience of failure shakes the self-confidence of the student, following which he divests
himself in the involvement of his learning and .there is therefore a risk of poor performance. Research shows
that a student's success depends not only on their "objective" skills, but also on their confidence in their learning
abilities. .students with above-average cognitive skills may therefore have low self-confidence, with all the
associated negative consequences. .Conversely, students with low initial skills but believe in their ability to use
them effectively can greatly develop their skills.
3.4. Self-knowledge as the basis of autonomy in student learning.
Tableau n°11: Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson
1 ,439 ,193 ,188 ,85896 1,261
According to table 11, it appears that the cross between the independent variable and the dependent variable
displays a correlation coefficient R of 0.439, indicating a more or less good association. .the predictive power of
the model is measured by the coefficient of determination R-squares with a value of 0.193 or 19.3%. The latter
would mean that our model is relatively weak and that learning autonomy is 19.3% based on self-knowledge.
Tableau n°12: ANOVA
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 33,982 1 33,982 46,057 ,000
Residual 142,398 193 ,738
Total 176,379 194
Table 12 above shows that, Fisher's F is equal to 46.057 which is significant at the threshold of 0.000 (less than
0.05) and greater than (Flu), i.e. the theoretical F; this confirms the good quality of the model at a significance
level of less than 5%, hence the power explanation of the model appears satisfactory since Fisher's F is
significant at the 5% level. Thus we reject the null hypothesis (H0) and state that the regression is significant as a
whole.
Tableau n°13: Analyse finale Coefficients
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 1,690 ,211 8,029 ,000
Self-knowledge ,419 ,062 ,439 6,787 ,000
According to the table, there is a significant link between the dependent variable (autonomy in learning) and the
independent variable and the dependent variable. .indeed, we notice that Student's t value is 6.787 so it is greater
than 2 and that the significance is less than the 5% threshold. .in addition the meaning of the relationship is
verified by the signs of Beta0 which is 1.690 and Beta1, 0.439 which are positive, therefore self-knowledge
influences autonomy in student learning. lafortune & St-Pierre (1994) call “self-knowledge” as a learner, which
refers to the knowledge that the learner has developed of his own characteristics, of his own relationships and of
his comparisons to other people. Who learn, and .general knowledge about the learning that he has been able to
acquire, therefore knowing himself well means being able to choose suitable objectives, for achievable
independent learning.
3.5. Discussion of the results
3.5.1. Management of mental activity and
autonomy in student learning
In view of the results obtained, a statistically
significant link emerges between the management of
mental activity and autonomy in the learning of
Second Cycle students of Ouro Tchede high school.
.the significance rate is relatively average, this is
explained by the fact that 36.5% of respondents use
their mental gestures very little. .most of these
learners have a lot to develop in mental gestures
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which are not used independently and which are
lacking in learning. The result is the poor
performance observed in several subjects. .these
mediocre performances are for most of these students
a source of discouragement in their learning.
The literature tells us that the management of mental
activity has three functions: planning, control and
regulation. .Concerning the first function, which is
planning, Legendre (1993) tells us that "planning" has
the meaning of an operation of putting in order or in
sequence a set of elements according to the
determined criteria. .planning becomes a possible
action or procedure to anticipate and organize, as long
as it has required the use of knowledge about oneself
and about the tasks. .this amounts to saying that by
planning the student necessarily becomes active,
autonomous and constructive of his learning process.
Planning therefore becomes a very useful function for
the student. .in fact, initially it allows him to organize
each work step and thus select each strategy and
procedure to be used at a specific time. This
optimizes the student's activity secondly because it
generates an anticipatory representation of the action.
.By mentally projecting actions and evaluating their
potential results before implementing them, planning
allows you to spot a series of errors in the choice of
procedures.
.The second function relating to control constitutes a
phase of monitoring one's own behavior which makes
it possible to ensure that the actions taken are in line
with the goals set. It is also a matter of evaluating the
progress of the accuracy of the procedures used. .in
order to be able to exercise this control, one would
have to have an idea of one's preferences in terms of
working methods.
.Finally, the third function, regulation, has two
aspects according to Tardif (2006): hetero-regulation
(which concerns external elements such as the study
environment or relations between peers) and self-
regulation. This is precisely the second aspect that
interests us, namely self-regulation. .the learner at this
level examines his methods and what has not worked
in order to readjust them and from these
readjustments, improve their learning.
.Ultimately, in view of the studies carried out and
Antoine de La Garanderie's theory of mental
management, we can conclude that there is a link
between the management of mental activity and
autonomy in student learning. .however, it is up to the
learner to make the effort to feed their mental
representations otherwise the mental gestures will run
empty.
3.5.2. Awareness of one's way of learning and
autonomy in student learning
In view of the results, it emerges that there is a
significant link between the awareness of one's way
of learning and the autonomy in the learning of the
Second Cycle students of the Lycée d'Uuro Tchede.
.the student must become aware of his way of
proceeding in a learning or problem-solving situation.
Because everyone learns differently, there is no
inevitability or devaluation of alleged poor results,
from the moment a student knows his way of
learning, he can adapt to any type of teaching and to
be able to be autonomous in their learning. .the
awareness we have about our ways of learning
determines the willingness we will put into our
learning and success. .Awareness of one's way of
learning is an integral part of the process, it allows
students to become aware of their learning methods
and take the opportunity to adjust and advance their
learning by assuming increased responsibility for it.
.however, the results obtained with these students and
through the statements of their teacher’s show that
88.7% of these students are not really aware of their
way of learning and this negatively influences their
school results or performance.
3.5.3. Self-confidence and autonomy in student
learning
In view of the results, it emerges that there is a
significant link between self-confidence and
autonomy in the learning of Second Cycle students.
.for a student, having self-confidence means feeling
able to face situations in his learning; it is based on a
subjective feeling and an objective analysis of these
skills. Feeling confident motivates him to use his
various skills. .the act of learning is intrinsically
linked to the student, who will have control over
whether or not to enter knowledge. This behavior
directly appeals to the student's self-confidence. .In
addition, many studies highlight the links between
emotions and learning, it is about the importance of
developing emotional competence in order to promote
autonomy in one's learning (Shelton, 2000). .the
feeling of personal effectiveness is defined as "the
judgment that a person makes of his or her ability to
organize and use the different activities inherent in
carrying out a task to be performed" (Bouffard-
Bouchard & Pinard, 1988: 411) in other words, it is
esteem of a person regarding their competence to
perform a task. This concept shares, with most current
conceptions of motivation in school, the idea that a
learner's beliefs in his abilities to be successful in his
learning play a crucial role in his engagement and
performance. .many studies show that students are
personally and rarely involved in an activity that they
are not confident in doing. .Similarly, learners
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generally tend to lose interest in activities in which
they feel inefficient, it is in this sense that Bandura
(1997) confirms the existence of an important link
between what an individual thinks of him in a domain
and its performance in that same domain. The various
studies finally show that there is indeed a link
between self-confidence and autonomy in student
learning.
3.5.4. Self-knowledge and autonomy in student
learning.
In view of the results, it emerges that there is a link
between self-knowledge and autonomy in learning.
However, one observation emerges after the surveys:
50% of Second Cycle students cannot really state
what they know, their skills, preferences or working
methods, and finally be able to be independent in
their learning. Self-knowledge is seen as this skill
which aims to develop in students the knowledge that
enhances their skills, their physical and mental
capacities, their tastes, their strengths on which they
can rely in situations difficult .learning. For
independent learning, you must therefore have an idea
of your preferences in terms of working methods.
Sandrine Dirani (2019) is convinced in one of her
writings that there is no successful learning without
knowing yourself. .self-knowledge is a basic quality
for any individual, it is even more so for the learner
because it corresponds to the path that each student
takes, from the awareness of his resources and his
lacks, his ability to overcome obstacles, correct
mistakes and .find solutions to act. Ultimately we can
say that there is an associative link between self-
knowledge and learning. This association influences
the autonomy of any learner, and can significantly
change the results of even the weakest, when they are
called upon to use them.
Conclusion
Ultimately, the subject that has been the subject of
this study is entitled "metacognitive knowledge and
autonomy in learning: the case of second cycle
students of the high school of Ouro Tchede". .the
purpose of this research, which is both quantitative
and qualitative, was to verify whether there is a link
between metacognitive knowledge and autonomy in
learning. .We have therefore come to the conclusion
that the use of metacognitive knowledge significantly
influences the autonomy in the learning of second
cycle students of the Lycée of Ouro Tchede. .in view
of these results, each actor in education must make it
an obligation to become deeply involved in the
teaching / learning process so that the use of
metacognition is truly effective or at least partially in
all learning activities in the school. .a good action will
go through a communication synergy between these
actors so that all are fulfilled, the student in his
autonomy and the teacher in his teaching / learning
process.
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