The document discusses mental health and mental illness. It defines mental health according to the WHO as a state of well-being in which an individual realizes their abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, and is able to work productively and fruitfully. Mental illness is defined as a clinically significant disturbance in cognition, emotion regulation or behavior that reflects dysfunction. The document outlines factors contributing to mental health problems, early warning signs of mental illness, and ways to maintain positive mental health such as getting help, connecting with others, and getting enough sleep.

1. MENTAL HEALTH
BY
MUHAMMAD SULIMAN
LECTURER
ROYAL COLLEGE OF NURSING

2. WHO HEALTH DEFINITION
Health is a state of complete state
Physical
Mental
social well-being
 and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity.
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3. What Is Mental Health?
Mental health includes emotional,
psychological, and social well-being.
It affects how we think, feel, and act.
It also helps determine how we handle stress,
relate to others, and make choices.
Mental health is important at every stage of
life, from childhood and adolescence through
adulthood.
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4. Historical Overview of Psychiatric Care
Primitive beliefs regarding mental disturbances took several views.
Some thought that an individual with mental illness had been
dispossessed of his or her soul and that the only way wellness could be
achieved was if the soul returned.
Others believed that evil spirits or supernatural or magical powers had
entered the body.
The “cure” for these individuals involved a ritualistic exorcism to
purge the body of these unwanted forces.
This often consisted of brutal beatings, starvation, or other torturous
means.
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5. Definition
• The American Psychiatric Association (APA 1980) defines mental
health as
 “ Simultaneous success at working, loving and creating with the capacity of
mature & flexible resolution of conflicts between instincts, conscience,
important other people & reality.”
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6. Mental Health and Wellness
Positive mental health allows people to:
Realize their full potential
Cope with the stresses of life
Work productively.
Make meaningful contributions to their communities.
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7. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Maslow (1970) emphasized an individual’s motivation in the
continuous quest for self-actualization.
He identified a “hierarchy of needs,” the lower ones requiring
fulfillment before those at higher levels can be achieved, with self-
actualization being fulfillment of one’s highest potential.
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8. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
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9. MENTAL ILNESS
• The American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013), in its Diagnostic
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5),
defines mental disorder as:
A syndrome characterized by clinically significant disturbance in an
individual’s cognitions, emotion regulation, or behavior that reflects a
dysfunction in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes
underlying mental functioning.
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10. Factors contribute to mental health
problems
Many factors contribute to mental health problems,
including:
Biological factors, such as genes or brain chemistry
Life experiences, such as trauma or abuse
Family history of mental health problems
Mental health problems are common but help is
available
People with mental health problems can get better and
many recover completely.
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11. Early Warning Signs
Eating or sleeping too much or too little
Pulling away from people and usual activities
Having low or no energy
Feeling numb or like nothing matters
Having unexplained aches and pains
Feeling helpless or hopeless
Smoking, drinking, or using drugs more than usual
Feeling unusually confused, forgetful, angry, upset, worried, or scared.
Yelling or fighting with family and friends
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12. Early Warning Signs
Experiencing severe mood swings that cause problems in relationships
Having persistent thoughts and memories you can't get out of your head
Hearing voices or believing things that are not true
Thinking of harming yourself or others
Inability to perform daily tasks like taking care of your kids or getting to
work or school
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13. Ways to maintain positive mental health
include:
Getting professional help if you need it.
Connecting with others.
Staying positive.
Getting physically active.
Helping others.
Getting enough sleep.
Developing coping skills.
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14. References
https://www.who.int/
Psychiatric mental health nursing 8th edition/concept of care in
evidence base practice/by Mary C Townsend
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