The document summarizes the key forces that influence school governance and finance in the United States. It discusses how the federal, state, and local governments all play roles in education policy and funding. It also outlines the various stakeholders that shape education, including political groups, businesses, teachers' organizations, parents, and students. Additionally, it examines issues of accountability, standards, and the debate around the appropriate levels of local versus state versus federal control over public education policy and spending.

1. THE POLITICS OFAMERICAN EDUCATION Megin Holt Jon Rashid, Dan Young, Pat Murphy The Politics of American Education

2. What Forces Influence School Governance and Finance? Governance: The process of making financial and other decisions What do you think public schools should use more funds on, and why? Sex education? Violence in schools? Teen drug use? Making schools more energy efficient The Politics of American Education

4. Business and Industry

5. Professional Organizations and Teachers

6. Parents, Students, and Community GroupsThe Politics of American Education

7. The three branches of government influence the governance and finance of education Executive Legislative Judicial Roles of the Federal Government in Education The U.S. Constitution Federal Legislation Influence of the Executive branch How is Education Governed? Legislative Judicial Executive

8. Board of Education Strengthens state leadership and policy making Promote excellence in education to all students Advocates equality of access to educational opportunity Ensures continued citizen support for public education State Standards Boards Responsible for the governance and regulation of professional practice Department of Education Implements policies that effect education in each state State Government The Politics of American Education

9. Intermediate Educational Units Designed to provide services that individual districts that might not be able to afford it on their own Promotes inter-district collaboration Council of Chief State School Officers Comprised of state commissioners and superintendents Provides a forum for interstate discussion and information exchange on educational advances and issues Intermediate Education Agencies The Politics of American Education

10. Local Educational Agencies School districts Local Boards of Education Group of people elected by people to make decisions for the school district Must stay within State DOE standards Superintendent Works closely with BOE Serves as the face of the school district Local Government The Politics of American Education

13. Performance pay – bonuses or raises based on student achievement The Politics of American Education

14. Governance and Administrationof Schools Administration Management of school affairs, puts into place the policies set by state legislation and state and local boards of education Principals Responsible for management at the school level Set school direction, build staff morale, leadership School-Based Management (SBM) Governance process where the people affected by decisions are involved in making them School Advisory Council (SAC) Membership of school and community stakeholders who make decisions and recommendations regarding school operations The Politics of American Education

17. Flat grants – equal funding based on the districts average daily attendance

18. Foundation grants – funding based on property values, inversely related to community wealth The Politics of American Education

19. Funding Education Local Funding Property tax, based on assessed value of real estate - Reliable, steady source of revenue - Inequity between districts Private Funding Foundations provide support through grants and other private funds Targeted to reforming education with an emphasis on urban, minority, and special education - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation - Annenberg Foundation The Politics of American Education

20. Federal vs. State Control Who do American believe should have the greatest influence over what is taught in public school? Decisions to be made: What is best for students and what should they learn? Issues of Governance and Finance The Politics of American Education

21. Is using property tax to support education fair? Privatization of public schools Why important to us, as teachers? Informed Professional Participation Accountability Teacher Empowerment Financing Education Funding Equity: the unequal ability of school districts to pay for quality education The Politics of American Education