COVID-19 is certainly a newly emerged zoonosis, not yet understood properly thus cases need utmost care in its handling in both in human and animals.
More observations and studies can only elucidate the origin, intermediate host and definitive host (till date humans) and maintenance host of SARS CoV-2.
For control of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses potentiating one health environmental approach for understanding disease drivers and control strategies are essential elements.
This document discusses a case of tuberculosis (TB) transmission among healthcare workers in Thailand. It presents the case of a nurse with active TB who had been in contact with her roommate and other OR nurses. The document examines whether this was a result of human error or system error. It explores options for post-exposure management, including contact tracing and preventive treatment. It also discusses developing TB infection control interventions in resource-limited settings through measures like administrative controls, environmental controls, and respiratory protection.
Over the past decade, unprecedented progress in the development of neural networks influenced dozens of different industries, including weed recognition in the agro-industrial sector. The use of neural networks in agro-industrial activity in the task of recognizing cultivated crops is a new direction. The absence of any standards significantly complicates the understanding of the real situation of the use of the neural network in the agricultural sector. The manuscript presents the complete analysis of researches over the past 10 years on the use of neural networks for the classification and tracking of weeds due to neural networks. In particular, the analysis of the results of using various neural network algorithms for the task of classification and tracking was presented. As a result, we presented the recommendation for the use of neural networks in the tasks of recognizing a cultivated object and weeds. Using this standard can significantly improve the quality of research on this topic and simplify the analysis and understanding of any paper.
This document discusses MRSA infections, including transmission, prevention, and treatment. MRSA is easily transmitted through direct contact or contaminated surfaces. Over 126,000 hospital patients get MRSA infections each year. Key prevention strategies include proper hand hygiene, thorough environmental cleaning, active surveillance testing, and implementing contact precautions. Treatment depends on if the infection is community-associated or healthcare-associated MRSA.
Stepwise Approach For Adjusting Asthma Treatment 2017 Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses asthma control and management. It provides tools for assessing asthma control, such as the Asthma Control Test. It identifies risk factors for exacerbations and poor outcomes. It also outlines the stepwise approach to asthma management, with Steps 1 through 5 representing increasing treatment intensity. Initial treatment is usually with a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid, but may be at a higher step depending on symptom frequency and risk factors. The preferred option for Step 3 treatment in children ages 6-11 is a medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid, while options for adults include increasing the corticosteroid dose or adding a long-acting beta-2 agonist or other controller.
- MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics such as methicillin. It can cause infections that are difficult to treat.
- MRSA spreads through direct contact with infected wounds or surfaces contaminated with the bacteria. Risk factors include poor hygiene, compromised skin, contact with other infected individuals, and being in crowded areas.
- Symptoms range from skin boils and pimples to serious invasive infections affecting internal organs. Untreated MRSA can lead to toxic shock syndrome or sepsis. Diagnosis involves culturing the bacteria from infected sites or blood. Treatment involves antibiotics like vancomycin or drainage of skin infections.
1) The document discusses the history of antibiotics from ancient times to modern developments. It describes early uses of molds and fungi to treat infections dating back thousands of years.
2) Alexander Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928 is discussed as a major breakthrough, though its potential was not realized until the 1940s with the work of Florey and Chain.
3) The modern production of various classes of antibiotics is summarized, including natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic antibiotics and some of the major classes and examples. The ideal properties of antibiotics and their mechanisms of action are also briefly covered.
Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeuticsBhoj Raj Singh
All AMR Control programs aim for improving antibiotic stewardship & finding alternative antimicrobials with an aim to reduce antibiotic use. The present presentation (delivered at the one-week Short-term Training Course organized by ICAR-IVRI Regional Station, Palampur to the field Veterinarians) summarises the possible antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics.
COVID-19 is certainly a newly emerged zoonosis, not yet understood properly thus cases need utmost care in its handling in both in human and animals.
More observations and studies can only elucidate the origin, intermediate host and definitive host (till date humans) and maintenance host of SARS CoV-2.
For control of emerging and re-emerging zoonoses potentiating one health environmental approach for understanding disease drivers and control strategies are essential elements.
This document discusses a case of tuberculosis (TB) transmission among healthcare workers in Thailand. It presents the case of a nurse with active TB who had been in contact with her roommate and other OR nurses. The document examines whether this was a result of human error or system error. It explores options for post-exposure management, including contact tracing and preventive treatment. It also discusses developing TB infection control interventions in resource-limited settings through measures like administrative controls, environmental controls, and respiratory protection.
Over the past decade, unprecedented progress in the development of neural networks influenced dozens of different industries, including weed recognition in the agro-industrial sector. The use of neural networks in agro-industrial activity in the task of recognizing cultivated crops is a new direction. The absence of any standards significantly complicates the understanding of the real situation of the use of the neural network in the agricultural sector. The manuscript presents the complete analysis of researches over the past 10 years on the use of neural networks for the classification and tracking of weeds due to neural networks. In particular, the analysis of the results of using various neural network algorithms for the task of classification and tracking was presented. As a result, we presented the recommendation for the use of neural networks in the tasks of recognizing a cultivated object and weeds. Using this standard can significantly improve the quality of research on this topic and simplify the analysis and understanding of any paper.
This document discusses MRSA infections, including transmission, prevention, and treatment. MRSA is easily transmitted through direct contact or contaminated surfaces. Over 126,000 hospital patients get MRSA infections each year. Key prevention strategies include proper hand hygiene, thorough environmental cleaning, active surveillance testing, and implementing contact precautions. Treatment depends on if the infection is community-associated or healthcare-associated MRSA.
Stepwise Approach For Adjusting Asthma Treatment 2017 Ashraf ElAdawy
The document discusses asthma control and management. It provides tools for assessing asthma control, such as the Asthma Control Test. It identifies risk factors for exacerbations and poor outcomes. It also outlines the stepwise approach to asthma management, with Steps 1 through 5 representing increasing treatment intensity. Initial treatment is usually with a low-dose inhaled corticosteroid, but may be at a higher step depending on symptom frequency and risk factors. The preferred option for Step 3 treatment in children ages 6-11 is a medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid, while options for adults include increasing the corticosteroid dose or adding a long-acting beta-2 agonist or other controller.
- MRSA is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that is resistant to certain antibiotics such as methicillin. It can cause infections that are difficult to treat.
- MRSA spreads through direct contact with infected wounds or surfaces contaminated with the bacteria. Risk factors include poor hygiene, compromised skin, contact with other infected individuals, and being in crowded areas.
- Symptoms range from skin boils and pimples to serious invasive infections affecting internal organs. Untreated MRSA can lead to toxic shock syndrome or sepsis. Diagnosis involves culturing the bacteria from infected sites or blood. Treatment involves antibiotics like vancomycin or drainage of skin infections.
1) The document discusses the history of antibiotics from ancient times to modern developments. It describes early uses of molds and fungi to treat infections dating back thousands of years.
2) Alexander Fleming's accidental discovery of penicillin in 1928 is discussed as a major breakthrough, though its potential was not realized until the 1940s with the work of Florey and Chain.
3) The modern production of various classes of antibiotics is summarized, including natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic antibiotics and some of the major classes and examples. The ideal properties of antibiotics and their mechanisms of action are also briefly covered.
Antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeuticsBhoj Raj Singh
All AMR Control programs aim for improving antibiotic stewardship & finding alternative antimicrobials with an aim to reduce antibiotic use. The present presentation (delivered at the one-week Short-term Training Course organized by ICAR-IVRI Regional Station, Palampur to the field Veterinarians) summarises the possible antibiotic alternatives in veterinary therapeutics.
Dysport Injection Training Course Documentation (abobotulinumtoxin A). All information and tools presented within this site are intended for educational purposes. We do not guarantee that the information will be completely accurate and up to date; therefore the authors will not be held responsible for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies published. We recommend that the user reviews the package inserts for all the drugs that are discussed within this Dysport training recommendation before use.
Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria and is the most potent biological toxin. It has been used commercially for decades to treat medical conditions by blocking neurotransmitter release. Its use in ophthalmology began in the 1980s for strabismus and blepharospasm. It works by inhibiting acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, causing temporary muscle paralysis. Common uses include blepharospasm, strabismus, dry eyes, elevated intraocular pressure, and nystagmus. Side effects are usually minor and temporary.
Botulinum toxin in ophthalmology
Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) is produced by Clostridium botulinum and effectively treats strabismus and other eye muscle disorders by temporarily paralyzing muscles. It works by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, preventing nerve impulses from being transmitted to muscles. Common uses in ophthalmology include treating blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, dry eye, and strabismus, with the effects lasting 2-4 months before the muscle function returns.
This document summarizes key differences between botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) products used for cosmetic purposes. It notes that while the products treat the same condition, their formulations differ, meaning dosing guidelines are not interchangeable. Specifically, it outlines differences in product reconstitution, final concentrations, recommended total doses, and accepted conversion ratios between the main BoNTA products (Dysport, Botox, Xeomin). The document aims to provide clinicians information to help tailor BoNTA treatments to male patients, a growing demographic, as current guidelines are based on studies of female patients and do not account for male-specific anatomy.
Assessment of skin physiology change and safety after intradermal injections ...Felix J. Tapia
This randomized, double-blind, split-face study investigated the efficacy and safety of intradermal botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for reducing facial erythema in patients with rosacea. Twenty-four participants received intradermal injections of BTX in one cheek and a placebo in the other cheek. Outcomes including erythema, skin properties, and safety were assessed at regular intervals. The results showed that the BTX-treated side had significantly reduced erythema and improved skin elasticity and hydration compared to the placebo side. No significant safety issues were reported. The study demonstrates that intradermal BTX injections can effectively reduce facial erythema and rejuvenate skin in rosace
This document provides an introduction to the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) for facial aesthetics applications. It begins with learning objectives and an overview of the history and uses of BoNTA. It then discusses the molecular structure and mechanism of action of BoNTA, how it works at the neuromuscular junction to cause localized muscle paralysis. The document reviews statistics on common areas treated and patient demographics. It also provides details on the major brands of BoNTA approved for use in Canada, including their molecular structures.
This document provides definitions for various terms related to pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality. It defines terms such as accelerated testing, acceptance criteria, accuracy, active ingredient, aerobic microorganism, aerosol, agglomeration, aggregation, amorphous, and analgesic among many others. The definitions cover topics like analytical procedures, packaging, microbiology, and quality systems.
This document presents a case study on using hydrogel drug delivery systems to treat macular degeneration. It discusses using anti-VEGF drugs bevacizumab and ranibizumab, delivered via hydrogel injections into the eye. The document models drug diffusion through the hydrogel and into eye tissue, comparing diffusion rates and profiles of the two drugs. It also evaluates using intravenous bevacizumab to treat cancer and models its pharmacokinetics in the body.
This study developed antibiotic pellets containing rifampin and clindamycin to treat biofilms, which are implicated in chronic otitis media. The pellets released antibiotics for up to 21 days in tests, achieving drug levels high enough to eradicate biofilms in an in vitro model. Using modified-release antibiotic formulations in the middle ear may be a promising new therapy for persistent ear infections by targeting biofilms.
According to new research, the cosmetic application of Botox seems to lower symptoms of depression in some patients, possibly because it inhibits frowning. Previous research has demonstrated that physically expressing an emotion first can trigger subsequent feelings and that people who laugh or smile regularly can improve their mood. Studies have also shown that people find jokes funnier when a pencil is placed between their teeth lengthwise, which forces a smile, than when they hold it pointing outwards, which doesn’t. This is the second study to compare Botox to placebo. Although the results have not yet been thoroughly reviewed enough for publication in a scientific journal, the findings suggest that it may hold promise.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCUSERTS OF CIPROFLOXACIN HClMohammad Adil
Conventional ocular drug delivery system i.e., eye drops, ointments, gels etc., had become less popular pertaining to their disadvantages like evaporation by tears, pre-corneal loss, drug metabolism, drug-protein interaction, drainage, sticking of eye lids, induced lacrimation, poor patient compliance, systemic side effect and blurred vision etc. That’s why fundamentals of controlled release by means of ocular inserts were utilized to increase problem pre-corneal drug residence time.
This project title “Formulation and Evaluation of Ocuserts of Ciprofloxacin HCl” revealed following results:
Compatibility study using FTIR was performed to check the compatibility of drug with various excipient. Characteristics peaks obtained with pure drug were compared with that produced with different excipients that confirmed the compatibility of drug with excipients.
Ocusert of Ciprofloxacin HCl was prepared using different material i.e., PVP K-30, PVA, PEG 400 and glycerin.
Prepared ocuserts were evaluated for various parameters viz., percentage moisture loss, percentage moisture absorbs, thickness, weight variation, drug content and In-vitro diffusion.
The percentage (%) moisture absorption and loss of ocular insert were found to be 26% and 27% respectively.
The thickness of ocular insert was found to be uniformed and its mean while measuring at different points was found to be 0.124mm.
The weight of ocular inserts was found to be in the range of 12.2 - 12.6mg which indicated decent distribution of the drug, polymer and plasticizer.
The drug content of ocular insert was found to be 99.89%.
Percentage drug release from Ciprofloxacin HCl Ocusert was found to be 41.969% in 8 hr.
It was concluded that prepared Ocusert of Ciprofloxacin HCl could be a better alternative to conventional ocular formulations that retained on ocular surface for longer duration and released drug in controlled manner.
The document discusses a potential new non-opioid pain therapeutic called N-001. N-001 is a rationally designed protein that targets and disrupts pain signaling in sensory neurons. It does this by modifying actin within neurons to alter action potentials and inhibit calcium influx, thereby blocking pain signaling. Animal studies show N-001 is taken up by sensory neurons and nerve fibers, and can reversibly block acute pain in mice for over a week with a single dose. The company developing N-001, Neurocarrus, has an exclusive license on a patent covering the technology. Additional research is underway to further optimize N-001 prior to an investigational new drug filing with the FDA.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinateijtsrd
The aim of the present work is Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate. Metoprolol Succinate is a BCS class I drug used in the treatment of Angina pectoric, Heart attack, Hypertension and has short half life 3 7hours. In the present study it was planned to prepare sustained release floating tablets of Metoprolol succinate by using HPMC E5 and Gum Karaya excipients. The procured sample of drug was authenticated by pre formulation study like melting point, IR spectra, UV analysis were done. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Prior to compression, the powder blend were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausners ratio. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Formulations were evaluated for various evaluation parameters like hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, floating lag time, floating time, swelling index and in vitro drug release. From the results of evaluation parameters it was observed that formulation F6 shows best results for floating lag time 4min floating time up to 12 hours and consistent drug release 96.15 as compared to other formulations. So formulation F6 was finalized as a optimized formulation for further study. On the basic of above finding it was concluded that sustained release floating drug delivery system was successfully achieved. Neeta. V. Jadhav | Prof. Mr. Prashant Khade | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50409.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50409/formulation-and-evaluation-of-floating-tablet-of-metoprolol-succinate/neeta-v-jadhav
A hypochlorous acid lid cleanser provides a novel way to clean the eyelids and reduce bacteria. Two doctors have found it to be effective for managing blepharitis with excellent results and high patient acceptance. It reduces the need for antibiotic and steroid drops. Laboratory studies show the cleanser has broad-spectrum activity against ocular bacteria and does not irritate tissues. The doctors recommend its twice daily use to resolve blepharitis symptoms within two weeks without recurrence in many patients.
Katy Najafi and Steve Lichtenstein Ophthalmology TimeJeff Gilbert
A new hypochlorous acid lid cleanser provides a safe and effective alternative for cleansing the eyelids and surrounding skin. Two doctors found the cleanser to be very helpful in managing blepharitis. It reduced the need for antibiotic and steroid drops, and patients reported good results and found it refreshing to use. The cleanser uses hypochlorous acid, a natural antimicrobial produced by white blood cells. Laboratory tests showed it effectively kills pathogens including MRSA without toxicity to tissues. Both doctors recommend the cleanser for regular daily use to control blepharitis.
This document summarizes a study on developing a targeted nano drug delivery system for treating breast cancer using docetaxel. The objectives are to formulate a docetaxel nanosuspension to improve its bioavailability and target it to cancer cells using antibody drug conjugates. The plan involves preformulation studies, developing and characterizing the nanosuspension, testing release kinetics and cell viability, selecting an optimized formulation, and conducting stability studies. The approach aims to enhance docetaxel's solubility and therapeutic effects while reducing dose and side effects.
It refers to the drug substance in two or more identical dosage forms , reaches systemic circulation at he same rate and to the same relative extent .
Their plasma concentration –time profile will be identical without significant statistical differences.
Dosage forms refer to how pharmaceutical drugs are marketed and administered to patients. They include capsules, tablets, suppositories, and ointments. Capsules contain medications enclosed in a shell, while tablets are solid compressed doses that may contain one or more active ingredients. Suppositories are solid forms inserted into orifices to exert local or systemic effects. Ointments are viscous preparations used topically. Drug delivery aims to transport pharmaceutical compounds safely in the body to achieve their therapeutic effects and includes approaches like targeted delivery, sustained release formulations, and protecting oral drugs from stomach acid.
This document provides consensus recommendations from a panel of experts for developing a tailored approach to treating the forehead with botulinum toxin type A injections. The panel developed treatment protocols for men and women that take into account the level of underlying muscle activity as kinetic (regular), hyperkinetic (excessive), or hypertonic (unable to relax). For each category, injection points and doses are defined on a 12-zone map of the forehead to provide natural and individualized results based on a patient's facial anatomy and muscle tone. The goal is to eliminate lines at rest while maintaining some ability for movement and minimal wrinkling with expression.
Dysport Injection Training Course Documentation (abobotulinumtoxin A). All information and tools presented within this site are intended for educational purposes. We do not guarantee that the information will be completely accurate and up to date; therefore the authors will not be held responsible for any errors, omissions or inaccuracies published. We recommend that the user reviews the package inserts for all the drugs that are discussed within this Dysport training recommendation before use.
Botulinum toxin is produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria and is the most potent biological toxin. It has been used commercially for decades to treat medical conditions by blocking neurotransmitter release. Its use in ophthalmology began in the 1980s for strabismus and blepharospasm. It works by inhibiting acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, causing temporary muscle paralysis. Common uses include blepharospasm, strabismus, dry eyes, elevated intraocular pressure, and nystagmus. Side effects are usually minor and temporary.
Botulinum toxin in ophthalmology
Botulinum toxin type A (Botox) is produced by Clostridium botulinum and effectively treats strabismus and other eye muscle disorders by temporarily paralyzing muscles. It works by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, preventing nerve impulses from being transmitted to muscles. Common uses in ophthalmology include treating blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, dry eye, and strabismus, with the effects lasting 2-4 months before the muscle function returns.
This document summarizes key differences between botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNTA) products used for cosmetic purposes. It notes that while the products treat the same condition, their formulations differ, meaning dosing guidelines are not interchangeable. Specifically, it outlines differences in product reconstitution, final concentrations, recommended total doses, and accepted conversion ratios between the main BoNTA products (Dysport, Botox, Xeomin). The document aims to provide clinicians information to help tailor BoNTA treatments to male patients, a growing demographic, as current guidelines are based on studies of female patients and do not account for male-specific anatomy.
Assessment of skin physiology change and safety after intradermal injections ...Felix J. Tapia
This randomized, double-blind, split-face study investigated the efficacy and safety of intradermal botulinum toxin (BTX) injections for reducing facial erythema in patients with rosacea. Twenty-four participants received intradermal injections of BTX in one cheek and a placebo in the other cheek. Outcomes including erythema, skin properties, and safety were assessed at regular intervals. The results showed that the BTX-treated side had significantly reduced erythema and improved skin elasticity and hydration compared to the placebo side. No significant safety issues were reported. The study demonstrates that intradermal BTX injections can effectively reduce facial erythema and rejuvenate skin in rosace
This document provides an introduction to the use of botulinum toxin type A (BoNTA) for facial aesthetics applications. It begins with learning objectives and an overview of the history and uses of BoNTA. It then discusses the molecular structure and mechanism of action of BoNTA, how it works at the neuromuscular junction to cause localized muscle paralysis. The document reviews statistics on common areas treated and patient demographics. It also provides details on the major brands of BoNTA approved for use in Canada, including their molecular structures.
This document provides definitions for various terms related to pharmaceutical manufacturing and quality. It defines terms such as accelerated testing, acceptance criteria, accuracy, active ingredient, aerobic microorganism, aerosol, agglomeration, aggregation, amorphous, and analgesic among many others. The definitions cover topics like analytical procedures, packaging, microbiology, and quality systems.
This document presents a case study on using hydrogel drug delivery systems to treat macular degeneration. It discusses using anti-VEGF drugs bevacizumab and ranibizumab, delivered via hydrogel injections into the eye. The document models drug diffusion through the hydrogel and into eye tissue, comparing diffusion rates and profiles of the two drugs. It also evaluates using intravenous bevacizumab to treat cancer and models its pharmacokinetics in the body.
This study developed antibiotic pellets containing rifampin and clindamycin to treat biofilms, which are implicated in chronic otitis media. The pellets released antibiotics for up to 21 days in tests, achieving drug levels high enough to eradicate biofilms in an in vitro model. Using modified-release antibiotic formulations in the middle ear may be a promising new therapy for persistent ear infections by targeting biofilms.
According to new research, the cosmetic application of Botox seems to lower symptoms of depression in some patients, possibly because it inhibits frowning. Previous research has demonstrated that physically expressing an emotion first can trigger subsequent feelings and that people who laugh or smile regularly can improve their mood. Studies have also shown that people find jokes funnier when a pencil is placed between their teeth lengthwise, which forces a smile, than when they hold it pointing outwards, which doesn’t. This is the second study to compare Botox to placebo. Although the results have not yet been thoroughly reviewed enough for publication in a scientific journal, the findings suggest that it may hold promise.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF OCUSERTS OF CIPROFLOXACIN HClMohammad Adil
Conventional ocular drug delivery system i.e., eye drops, ointments, gels etc., had become less popular pertaining to their disadvantages like evaporation by tears, pre-corneal loss, drug metabolism, drug-protein interaction, drainage, sticking of eye lids, induced lacrimation, poor patient compliance, systemic side effect and blurred vision etc. That’s why fundamentals of controlled release by means of ocular inserts were utilized to increase problem pre-corneal drug residence time.
This project title “Formulation and Evaluation of Ocuserts of Ciprofloxacin HCl” revealed following results:
Compatibility study using FTIR was performed to check the compatibility of drug with various excipient. Characteristics peaks obtained with pure drug were compared with that produced with different excipients that confirmed the compatibility of drug with excipients.
Ocusert of Ciprofloxacin HCl was prepared using different material i.e., PVP K-30, PVA, PEG 400 and glycerin.
Prepared ocuserts were evaluated for various parameters viz., percentage moisture loss, percentage moisture absorbs, thickness, weight variation, drug content and In-vitro diffusion.
The percentage (%) moisture absorption and loss of ocular insert were found to be 26% and 27% respectively.
The thickness of ocular insert was found to be uniformed and its mean while measuring at different points was found to be 0.124mm.
The weight of ocular inserts was found to be in the range of 12.2 - 12.6mg which indicated decent distribution of the drug, polymer and plasticizer.
The drug content of ocular insert was found to be 99.89%.
Percentage drug release from Ciprofloxacin HCl Ocusert was found to be 41.969% in 8 hr.
It was concluded that prepared Ocusert of Ciprofloxacin HCl could be a better alternative to conventional ocular formulations that retained on ocular surface for longer duration and released drug in controlled manner.
The document discusses a potential new non-opioid pain therapeutic called N-001. N-001 is a rationally designed protein that targets and disrupts pain signaling in sensory neurons. It does this by modifying actin within neurons to alter action potentials and inhibit calcium influx, thereby blocking pain signaling. Animal studies show N-001 is taken up by sensory neurons and nerve fibers, and can reversibly block acute pain in mice for over a week with a single dose. The company developing N-001, Neurocarrus, has an exclusive license on a patent covering the technology. Additional research is underway to further optimize N-001 prior to an investigational new drug filing with the FDA.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinateijtsrd
The aim of the present work is Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate. Metoprolol Succinate is a BCS class I drug used in the treatment of Angina pectoric, Heart attack, Hypertension and has short half life 3 7hours. In the present study it was planned to prepare sustained release floating tablets of Metoprolol succinate by using HPMC E5 and Gum Karaya excipients. The procured sample of drug was authenticated by pre formulation study like melting point, IR spectra, UV analysis were done. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Prior to compression, the powder blend were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausners ratio. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Formulations were evaluated for various evaluation parameters like hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, floating lag time, floating time, swelling index and in vitro drug release. From the results of evaluation parameters it was observed that formulation F6 shows best results for floating lag time 4min floating time up to 12 hours and consistent drug release 96.15 as compared to other formulations. So formulation F6 was finalized as a optimized formulation for further study. On the basic of above finding it was concluded that sustained release floating drug delivery system was successfully achieved. Neeta. V. Jadhav | Prof. Mr. Prashant Khade | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50409.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50409/formulation-and-evaluation-of-floating-tablet-of-metoprolol-succinate/neeta-v-jadhav
A hypochlorous acid lid cleanser provides a novel way to clean the eyelids and reduce bacteria. Two doctors have found it to be effective for managing blepharitis with excellent results and high patient acceptance. It reduces the need for antibiotic and steroid drops. Laboratory studies show the cleanser has broad-spectrum activity against ocular bacteria and does not irritate tissues. The doctors recommend its twice daily use to resolve blepharitis symptoms within two weeks without recurrence in many patients.
Katy Najafi and Steve Lichtenstein Ophthalmology TimeJeff Gilbert
A new hypochlorous acid lid cleanser provides a safe and effective alternative for cleansing the eyelids and surrounding skin. Two doctors found the cleanser to be very helpful in managing blepharitis. It reduced the need for antibiotic and steroid drops, and patients reported good results and found it refreshing to use. The cleanser uses hypochlorous acid, a natural antimicrobial produced by white blood cells. Laboratory tests showed it effectively kills pathogens including MRSA without toxicity to tissues. Both doctors recommend the cleanser for regular daily use to control blepharitis.
This document summarizes a study on developing a targeted nano drug delivery system for treating breast cancer using docetaxel. The objectives are to formulate a docetaxel nanosuspension to improve its bioavailability and target it to cancer cells using antibody drug conjugates. The plan involves preformulation studies, developing and characterizing the nanosuspension, testing release kinetics and cell viability, selecting an optimized formulation, and conducting stability studies. The approach aims to enhance docetaxel's solubility and therapeutic effects while reducing dose and side effects.
It refers to the drug substance in two or more identical dosage forms , reaches systemic circulation at he same rate and to the same relative extent .
Their plasma concentration –time profile will be identical without significant statistical differences.
Dosage forms refer to how pharmaceutical drugs are marketed and administered to patients. They include capsules, tablets, suppositories, and ointments. Capsules contain medications enclosed in a shell, while tablets are solid compressed doses that may contain one or more active ingredients. Suppositories are solid forms inserted into orifices to exert local or systemic effects. Ointments are viscous preparations used topically. Drug delivery aims to transport pharmaceutical compounds safely in the body to achieve their therapeutic effects and includes approaches like targeted delivery, sustained release formulations, and protecting oral drugs from stomach acid.
This document provides consensus recommendations from a panel of experts for developing a tailored approach to treating the forehead with botulinum toxin type A injections. The panel developed treatment protocols for men and women that take into account the level of underlying muscle activity as kinetic (regular), hyperkinetic (excessive), or hypertonic (unable to relax). For each category, injection points and doses are defined on a 12-zone map of the forehead to provide natural and individualized results based on a patient's facial anatomy and muscle tone. The goal is to eliminate lines at rest while maintaining some ability for movement and minimal wrinkling with expression.
Similar to Meditoxin neuronox alternative Botox, which to buy online? (20)
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.