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Medical Mycology
Classification of Mycoses

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Mycology
 Mycology: Study of fungi
 Mycoses: fungal infections
 Mytoxicosis- intoxicaton

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Fungi1
 Molds- filamentous
– Penicillium, mushrooms
 Yeasts- unicellular
–Fission yeasts
–Budding Yeasts
 Dimorphic Fungi

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Molds & Fleshy Fungi
 Thallus: filaments of cells
– visible mycelium
 Hypha; individual filament
– Septate hyphae
– Coenocytic hyphae
 Growth:
–at tip of hyphae
–vegetative growth from fragments

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Vegetative Structures

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Mycelium
 Vegetative Hyphae
 Reproductive Hyphae
– aerial hyphae above media
– Reproductive spores

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Molds: Reproduction
 Asexual
– Grow from fragments
– asexual spores
 Sexual
– Sexual spores ( less frequent)
– two strains of fungi
– fusion of nuclei

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Asexual Spores
 Conidospore
– Arthrospore
– Blastospore
 Chlamydospore

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Conidiospore
 Asexual spore
– Mitosis
– Not enclosed by a SAC
– chains
 Conidiophore: filament that forms
Conidospore

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ConidioSpores
 Arthrospores
– thickened fragments of septate hyphae
– Coccidioides
 Blastospores
– thickened wall
– Bud from the parent cell
– Candida, Cryptococcus

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Chlamydospores
 Asexual spore contained within hypha

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Sporangium
 Sac of spores
 Sporangiospore- Spores
 Sproangiophore- aerial hypha with
sporangium

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Medically Important Fungi
 Deuteromycota- no sexual spores
 Zygomycota- coenocytic fungi
 Ascomycota-
– septate
– dust like spore
 Basidomycota
– septate
– fleshy base; mushrooms

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Opportunistic mycoses
 Candidiasis
 Aspergillosis,
 Mucormycosis
 Phycomycosis

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Superficial Fungal Infections
 Skin Infections
– limited to Stratum corneum
– do not penetrate deeper tissues
 No inflammation

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Superficial mycoses
 Black piedra
 White piedra
 Pityriasis vericolor
 tinea nigra

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Cutaneous Mycoses
 Dermatophytoses
 Dermatomycoses

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Subcutaneous Mycoses
 Caused by trauma [puncture]and
introduction of the fungus and bacteria.
 Chromoblasomycosis
 Phaeohypomycosis
 Mycetoma
 Sporotrichosis

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Systemic or Deep Mycoses
 Histoplasmosis
 Coccidiomycosis
 Blastomycosis
 Cryptococcosis

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Cryptococcosis
 Cryptococcus neoformans
 Sporadic
 Pigeons
 Meningitis form
– fatal

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Systemic Mycoses:
Disease Patterns
 Subacute respiratory infection
 Acute infection
 Severe disseminated infection

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Systemic Mycoses:
Subacute Respiratory Infection
 Low fever
 Non-productive cough
 Mild & self limiting

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Systemic Mycoses:
Acute Infections
 Productive cough
 purulent sputum
 pain in chest
 Weight loss.
 night sweats
 X-ray positive
 one,many lesions
 consolidation
Differential diagnosis: pneumonia, tumour.

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Systemic Mycoses:
Severe Disseminated Infections
 Acute Infections +
– spread to other organs
– chronic
Differential diagnosis t.b.

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Presentation Outline
 Disease Mechanisms
 Entry
 Adaptation
 Propagation
 Dissemination
 Host Factors
 Fungal Factors
 Classification of Mycoses
 site
 route
 virulence
 Epidemiology
 Fungal Diseases

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