This document discusses different types of media and information, including people media, text information, visual information, audio information, and motion media information. It covers topics such as citizen journalism, crowdsourcing, different text formats and typefaces, common visual and audio file formats, elements of visual and motion design, and technical methods to detect manipulated video. The document is made up of 5 lessons that systematically describe various media types, characteristics, principles and formats.

1. “MEDIA AND INFORMATION REVIEWER”
(LESSON 1- PEOPLE MEDIA)
TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS
● PEOPLE MEDIA- refers to persons that are involved in the
use, analysis, evaluation and production.
● PEOPLE AS MEDIA- People who are well-oriented to media
sources and messages and able to provide information as
accurate and reliable as possible.
● Opinion leaders- highly expose to and actively using media.
● Citizen Journalism- People without professional journalism
training can use the tools of modern technology and internet to
create, augment or fact-check media on their own or in
collaboration with others.
● Social Journalism- Journalism are using social media to
make their content available to more people.
● Crowdsourcing – The practice of obtaining needed services,
ideas, or content by soliciting contributions from a large group of
people and especially from the online community.
● PEOPLE IN MEDIA- Media practitioners who provide
information coming from their expert knowledge or first-hand
experience of event.
●Print journalist
●Photo journalist
●Broadcast journalist
●Multimedia journalist
Lower-end Media Users – People with limited access
LESSON 2: TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA (PART 1)
TEXT – simple and flexible format
- human – readable sequence of characters
(TYPES OF TEXT AND COMMON FILE FORMATS)
● 3 TYPES OF TEXT:
HYPERTEXT – link different electronic documents
PLAINTEXT OR UNFORMATTED TEXT
-Fixed sized characters
FORMATTED TEXT – Appearance can be changed
TYPEFACE -also called font, font type or type
- representation or style
- comprised of alphabets
TYPES OF TYPEFACES:
● SERIF- Connotes formality
- Used for body texts
- classic or elegant look
● SANS SERIF- Clean or minimalist look
- Clear and direct meaning
- modern look
● SLAB SERIF- Solid or heavy look
- large advertising sign on billboards
● SCRIPT- Draws much attention
- Used sparingly
- Used in wedding invitation
5 COMMON FILE FORMATS:
● TXT (Text)- Unformatted text document
● DOC (Document)- Native format (MS word)
● RTF (Rich Text Format) - Cross format
●PDF (Portable Document Format) - Developed abode
systems
● PS (Postscript) – Page description language
7 DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND ELEMENTS:
● EMPHASIS – Importance or value
● APPROPRIATENESS – Fitting or suitable text
● PROXIMITY – Near or fear
- Two things closely related
● ALIGNMENT – Text is positioned in the page
-left, center, right, or justified
● ORGANIATION– Conscious effort ensure
- Text are separated to each other
● REPITITION – Consistency of elements
-Repeating typefaces
● CONTRAST- Creates visual interest
- Two elements are different from each other
LESSON 3: VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA
PURPOSE OF VISUAL INFORMATION
GAIN ATTENTION
CREATE MEANING
FACILITATE RETENTION
COMMON VISUAL MEDIA FILETYPES
JPEG (Joint Photographic Expert Group)- The most web
friendly image
GIF (Graphic interchange format)- is the worst choice for web
graphics
TIFF (Tag image file format)- Is the best and only choice for
professionals
PNG (Portable Network Graphics)- Great for web graphics
BMP (Bitmap Image file)- These files are large and
uncompressed, rich in color
ELEMENTS OF VISUAL DESIGN
● LINE- a shape or outline, thick or thin, implied, vertical.
● SHAPE-Geometric area that stands out from the space next
to, differences in value, color, or texture.
● VALUE – Degree of light and dark, contrast between black
and white.
● TEXTURE- Feels or perceived, smoothness or roughness in
objects.
● COLOR- Used for emphasis, or may elicit emotions from
viewers.
● FORM- Having volume and thickness, illusion of a 3-
dimensional object.
LESSON 3: (PART-2) VISUAL INFORMATION AND MEDIA
(VISUAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES)
1. CONSISTENCY- of margins, typeface, typestyle and colors.
2. CENTER OF INTEREST- attracts attention in a composition
3. BALANCE- equality in shape, etc. symmetrical or
asymmetrical
4. HARMONY- brings together a composition with same units
5. CONTRAST- offer some changes, backgrounds, diff. shapes,
create area of emphasis
6. DIRECTIONAL MOVEMENT- visual flow through

2. composition, placement and position.
7. RHYTHM- movement in which elements recur regularly, like
dance.
8. PERSPECTIVE- through arrangement of objects in two-
dimensional space, appear in real life
9. DOMINACE- gives interest, counteracting, can be applied to
one or more of elements
LESSON 4: AUDIO
● AUDIO- Sound, especially when recorded, transmitted, or
reproduced
● AUDIO MEDIA- Media communication that uses audio or
recordings to deliver and transfer information through the means
of sound.
TYPES OF AUDIO INFORMATION:
● RADIO BROADCAST- live or recorded audio sent through
radio waves to reach a wide audience.
● MUSIC- Vocal or instrumental sounds combined in such a way
as to proceed beauty of form, harmony, and expression of
emotion.
● SOUND RECORDING- Recording of an interview, meeting, or
any sound from the environment.
● SOUNDS CLIPS/EFFECTS- Any sound artificially reproduced
to create an effect in a dramatic presentation. (ex. Sound of a
storm, or a door).
● AUDIO PODCAST- A digital audio or video file or recording,
usually part of a themed series, that can be downloaded from a
website to a media player or a computer.
WAYS TO STORE AUDIO INFORMATION:
1. Internet/cloud- websites of file connected to the internet
2. Tape- magnetic tape which sound can be recorded
3. CD (compose disk)- a plastic fabricated for recording
4. USB Flash drive- external flash drive, small enough to carry
on a key ring
5. Memory card- small storage medium used to store such as
video, music, pictures etc.
6. Computer hard drive- secondary storage for storing
(AUDIO FILE FORMATS)
1. MP3- a common format for consumer audio
2. M4A/AAC- (advance audio coding)- standard for lossy digital
audio compression.
3. WAV- store waveform data, standard file for games sounds,
used in windows.
4. WMA- (windows media audio)- data compression technology
developed by microsoft.
5. FLAC- free lossless audio codec, smaller size of the original,
lesser-used.
LESSON 5: MOTION MEDIA INFORMATION
MOTION MEDIA? is visual media that gives the appearance
of movement, can be a collection of graphics, footage,
videos combined with audio, text and It is /or interactive
content to create multimedia.
2 FORMS OF MOTION MEDIA:
1. Informal- created by individuals often for personal use
2. Formal- created by professionals
(TECHNICAL METHODS TO DETECT FAKE/TEMPERED
VIDEO)
1. Smoothness of the video- detected when movements are
not smooth; when action seems to jump from one position to
another.
2. Lighting coverage matches- One way to detect lighting
matches is to look at the shadows; the source of light determines
the size and direction of the shadow
3. Scale and size consistent- how the size of the objects in
reference to one another are near the real thing.
(ELEMENTS OF MOTION MEDIA)
1. Speed- fast movement gives vigor and vitality, intensifying
emotions. A slow movement connotes lethargy, solemnity or
sadness.
2. Direction- indicates a movement from one direction to
another. It can also refer to the growing or shrinking of an object.
3. Timing- can be objective or subjective. Objective timing can
be measured in minutes, seconds, days, etc. Subjective timing
is psychological or felt.
4. Transition- used to switch between scenes
5. Sound and color- adds meaning to the motion
6. Blurring- in animation, blurring can provide the illusion of fast
movement. In videos, it is often used to censor information for
security or decency