MECHANISM OF WATERR, , nutrition IN FISH
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MECHANISM OF WATER, ION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION IN FISH
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Vertebrates have developed various mechanisms of osmoregulation to maintain homeostasis as their environments present different challenges of varying salt and water concentrations. Marine animals face hypotonic environments and must conserve water while excreting excess salts, using gills or kidneys. Freshwater animals face hypertonic environments and must conserve salts while excreting excess water, also using gills or kidneys. Terrestrial animals face water loss and must minimize evaporation while maximizing water retention and concentrated urine production through specialized organs like the kidney.
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Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. The different feeding habits of fish are:
- Herbivores - feed exclusively on plant materials
- Carnivores - feed exclusively on animal matter
- Omnivores - derive nutrients from both plants and animals
- Planktivores - feed on plankton like bacteria, algae, etc.
- Detritivores - feed on decaying organic matter
2. The feeding behaviors of fish are:
- Predators - actively hunt and pursue prey using vision, smell, etc.
- Grazers - feed on bottom organisms by browsing and nibbling continuously
- Strainers - filter feeders that filter organisms from water
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This document provides an overview of enzymes, water balance, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and macronutrient metabolism. It discusses how enzymes function as catalysts in biochemical reactions and how their activity is regulated. It describes the mechanisms that regulate water intake and output to maintain balance. It explains the roles and regulation of important electrolytes. It outlines the buffer systems and other mechanisms that maintain acid-base balance. It summarizes the catabolic and anabolic pathways for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Diel vertical migration
Diel vertical migration is the daily movement of zooplankton and fish up and down in the water column. Animals typically migrate upwards towards the surface at dusk to feed and descend to deeper water before dawn to avoid predators. This large-scale migration transports organic carbon from surface waters down to deeper areas. Recent studies have examined factors like oxygen levels, light cycles, and predation that influence the timing and depth of diel vertical migration in different regions. Understanding vertical migration patterns is important for modeling food webs and carbon transport in oceans.
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The document discusses electrolytes and body fluids. It states that the body contains inorganic and organic chemicals, with inorganic chemicals including water, salts, acids and bases. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate ions are important for maintaining fluid balance and acid-base homeostasis. Imbalances in electrolyte concentrations can lead to diseases. The document also describes intracellular and extracellular fluids and how different electrolytes are distributed between these compartments.
Hormones and chemical
Hormones control many physiological processes through chemical signaling between cells and tissues. The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate water balance, ion levels, pH, growth, development, metabolism, temperature, and behaviors. Hormones include proteins, peptides, amino acids, and steroids that circulate in the bloodstream and elicit responses from target cells by binding to receptors and influencing gene expression, protein synthesis, and enzymatic reactions. Key hormones include insulin, glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, antidiuretic hormone, prolactin, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, and growth hormone which regulate processes like glucose levels, metabolism, development, and ion transport.
Osmoregulation Mechanisms and Adaptations in Various Organisms.pdf
Osmoregulation is the process by which living organisms regulate the concentration of water and solutes (such as salts) in their bodies to maintain homeostasis, or a stable internal environment. This is especially important in aquatic organisms, which are surrounded by water of varying salt concentrations, but also in terrestrial organisms that need to conserve water.
In animals, osmoregulation involves a variety of physiological processes such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion by the kidneys. Fish, for example, have specialized organs called gills that are adapted to exchange water and solutes with their environment. They also have kidneys that regulate the concentration of ions in their bodies. Other animals, such as birds, excrete waste products in the form of uric acid, which conserves water.
Plants also engage in osmoregulation, using a process called osmosis to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. They also use various mechanisms, such as opening and closing stomata, to control water loss through transpiration.
Overall, osmoregulation is an essential process for maintaining the internal environment of living organisms and ensuring their survival.
Sure, here are some additional details about osmoregulation:Types of Osmoregulation: There are two types of osmoregulation, depending on the organism's environment. In freshwater environments, organisms have to regulate the inflow of water and outflow of salts. In contrast, marine organisms have to regulate the outflow of water and inflow of salts.
Osmoregulatory Organs: Different organisms have evolved various osmoregulatory organs to maintain the balance of water and solutes in their bodies. For example, insects have Malpighian tubules, which remove waste and excess water from the body. Terrestrial animals such as reptiles, birds, and mammals have kidneys that filter blood and excrete waste products in the form of urine.
Osmolarity: Osmoregulation maintains the balance of osmolarity in the body, which is the concentration of solutes in a solution. Osmolarity is measured in units of osmoles per liter (osmol/L) and is important for the regulation of water balance in organisms.
Regulation of Salt Balance: In addition to regulating water balance, osmoregulation also involves the regulation of salt balance. Salt balance is critical for cellular functions such as enzyme activity, nerve function, and muscle contraction.
Osmoregulation and Adaptation: Different organisms have evolved various mechanisms for osmoregulation to adapt to their environment. For example, some desert animals conserve water by producing dry feces or uric acid instead of urea, which conserves water. Some marine organisms, such as sharks, have a high concentration of urea in their blood, which helps them retain water in the ocean's salty environment.
Osmoregulation and Human Health: Osmoregulation is essential for human health, and disruptions in the body's water and salt balance can lead to health problems such a
Endocrine control of osmoregulation in fish zeinab klaab
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher solvent potential to lower. Fish use osmoregulation to maintain water balance as they live in environments with varying salt concentrations like estuaries. They have mechanisms to rapidly or slowly respond to salinity changes through transport proteins and hormones. Fish can be hypo-osmotic, hyperosmotic, or isosmotic depending on their environment, and various organs help regulate water and ion levels including the gills, kidneys, and hormones from endocrine glands.
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EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
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This document provides an overview of a chapter on osmoregulation and excretion. It discusses how different animals regulate water and solute levels to maintain homeostasis in various environments. Freshwater animals absorb water and lose salts, while marine animals deal with water loss and gain salts. The kidneys and other transport epithelia play key roles in balancing fluid levels. Animals also vary in what forms of nitrogenous waste they excrete (ammonia, urea, or uric acid) depending on their environment and evolution. The document outlines the filtration and transport processes involved in the major excretory systems of animals.
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This document discusses some of the challenges of life in the sea for marine organisms. It covers salinity, temperature, and surface-to-volume ratio. Regarding salinity, it explains that many marine organisms must regulate salt and water balance through diffusion, osmosis, and being either osmoconformers or osmoregulators. It also discusses how temperature affects organisms' metabolisms and whether they are poikilothermic or homeothermic. Finally, it notes that surface-to-volume ratio determines how easily organisms can exchange substances and that smaller organisms have a higher ratio.
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This document discusses osmoregulation in animals and how they regulate salt and water balance in different environments. It covers how marine invertebrates like crabs maintain balance in salt water, and how freshwater fish use specialized gills and kidneys to absorb salt and pump out water. For marine fish, they drink seawater and use gills to remove excess salt, while terrestrial animals like birds and mammals conserve water through mechanisms like sweating and concentrated urine. The type of nitrogenous waste an animal excretes, such as ammonia, urea or uric acid, depends on its environment and method of osmoregulation.
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Vertebrates have developed various mechanisms of osmoregulation to maintain homeostasis as their environments present different challenges of varying salt and water concentrations. Marine animals face hypotonic environments and must conserve water while excreting excess salts, using gills or kidneys. Freshwater animals face hypertonic environments and must conserve salts while excreting excess water, also using gills or kidneys. Terrestrial animals face water loss and must minimize evaporation while maximizing water retention and concentrated urine production through specialized organs like the kidney.
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The small intestine functions to further digest and absorb nutrients from food. It is divided into three sections - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The small intestine contains villi and microvilli that increase its surface area for absorption. Digestion and absorption continue in the small intestine through the actions of succus entericus and bile. The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from undigested material and forms feces from waste products.
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Osmoregulation Works
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in mamlas
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This document discusses osmoregulation and excretion in animals. It explains that osmoregulation balances water and solute levels to maintain homeostasis despite environmental challenges. Marine animals risk dehydration while freshwater animals risk dilution. The kidneys play a key role in excretion by filtering blood to form urine and reabsorbing useful substances while secreting waste and excess ions. For example, marine fish drink seawater and produce dilute urine while freshwater fish produce dilute urine and absorb ions through their gills. The kidneys of desert animals like kangaroo rats are highly efficient at conserving water.
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1. Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water acquires a high concentration of nutrients, especially phosphates and nitrates, which promotes excessive growth of algae.
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3. Sources of eutrophication include fertilizer runoff, sewage, and industrial waste, which are difficult to regulate. Eutrophication can damage ecosystems, harm human and environmental health, and negatively impact recreation and tourism.
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Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. The different feeding habits of fish are:
- Herbivores - feed exclusively on plant materials
- Carnivores - feed exclusively on animal matter
- Omnivores - derive nutrients from both plants and animals
- Planktivores - feed on plankton like bacteria, algae, etc.
- Detritivores - feed on decaying organic matter
2. The feeding behaviors of fish are:
- Predators - actively hunt and pursue prey using vision, smell, etc.
- Grazers - feed on bottom organisms by browsing and nibbling continuously
- Strainers - filter feeders that filter organisms from water
Metabolism and water balance in the body
This document provides an overview of enzymes, water balance, electrolyte balance, acid-base balance, and macronutrient metabolism. It discusses how enzymes function as catalysts in biochemical reactions and how their activity is regulated. It describes the mechanisms that regulate water intake and output to maintain balance. It explains the roles and regulation of important electrolytes. It outlines the buffer systems and other mechanisms that maintain acid-base balance. It summarizes the catabolic and anabolic pathways for carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
Diel vertical migration
Diel vertical migration is the daily movement of zooplankton and fish up and down in the water column. Animals typically migrate upwards towards the surface at dusk to feed and descend to deeper water before dawn to avoid predators. This large-scale migration transports organic carbon from surface waters down to deeper areas. Recent studies have examined factors like oxygen levels, light cycles, and predation that influence the timing and depth of diel vertical migration in different regions. Understanding vertical migration patterns is important for modeling food webs and carbon transport in oceans.
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The document discusses electrolytes and body fluids. It states that the body contains inorganic and organic chemicals, with inorganic chemicals including water, salts, acids and bases. Electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate ions are important for maintaining fluid balance and acid-base homeostasis. Imbalances in electrolyte concentrations can lead to diseases. The document also describes intracellular and extracellular fluids and how different electrolytes are distributed between these compartments.
Hormones and chemical
Hormones control many physiological processes through chemical signaling between cells and tissues. The endocrine system uses hormones to regulate water balance, ion levels, pH, growth, development, metabolism, temperature, and behaviors. Hormones include proteins, peptides, amino acids, and steroids that circulate in the bloodstream and elicit responses from target cells by binding to receptors and influencing gene expression, protein synthesis, and enzymatic reactions. Key hormones include insulin, glucagon, cortisol, thyroxine, antidiuretic hormone, prolactin, aldosterone, parathyroid hormone, and growth hormone which regulate processes like glucose levels, metabolism, development, and ion transport.
Osmoregulation Mechanisms and Adaptations in Various Organisms.pdf
Osmoregulation is the process by which living organisms regulate the concentration of water and solutes (such as salts) in their bodies to maintain homeostasis, or a stable internal environment. This is especially important in aquatic organisms, which are surrounded by water of varying salt concentrations, but also in terrestrial organisms that need to conserve water.
In animals, osmoregulation involves a variety of physiological processes such as filtration, reabsorption, and secretion by the kidneys. Fish, for example, have specialized organs called gills that are adapted to exchange water and solutes with their environment. They also have kidneys that regulate the concentration of ions in their bodies. Other animals, such as birds, excrete waste products in the form of uric acid, which conserves water.
Plants also engage in osmoregulation, using a process called osmosis to absorb water and nutrients from the soil. They also use various mechanisms, such as opening and closing stomata, to control water loss through transpiration.
Overall, osmoregulation is an essential process for maintaining the internal environment of living organisms and ensuring their survival.
Sure, here are some additional details about osmoregulation:Types of Osmoregulation: There are two types of osmoregulation, depending on the organism's environment. In freshwater environments, organisms have to regulate the inflow of water and outflow of salts. In contrast, marine organisms have to regulate the outflow of water and inflow of salts.
Osmoregulatory Organs: Different organisms have evolved various osmoregulatory organs to maintain the balance of water and solutes in their bodies. For example, insects have Malpighian tubules, which remove waste and excess water from the body. Terrestrial animals such as reptiles, birds, and mammals have kidneys that filter blood and excrete waste products in the form of urine.
Osmolarity: Osmoregulation maintains the balance of osmolarity in the body, which is the concentration of solutes in a solution. Osmolarity is measured in units of osmoles per liter (osmol/L) and is important for the regulation of water balance in organisms.
Regulation of Salt Balance: In addition to regulating water balance, osmoregulation also involves the regulation of salt balance. Salt balance is critical for cellular functions such as enzyme activity, nerve function, and muscle contraction.
Osmoregulation and Adaptation: Different organisms have evolved various mechanisms for osmoregulation to adapt to their environment. For example, some desert animals conserve water by producing dry feces or uric acid instead of urea, which conserves water. Some marine organisms, such as sharks, have a high concentration of urea in their blood, which helps them retain water in the ocean's salty environment.
Osmoregulation and Human Health: Osmoregulation is essential for human health, and disruptions in the body's water and salt balance can lead to health problems such a
Endocrine control of osmoregulation in fish zeinab klaab
Osmosis is the movement of solvent molecules through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher solvent potential to lower. Fish use osmoregulation to maintain water balance as they live in environments with varying salt concentrations like estuaries. They have mechanisms to rapidly or slowly respond to salinity changes through transport proteins and hormones. Fish can be hypo-osmotic, hyperosmotic, or isosmotic depending on their environment, and various organs help regulate water and ion levels including the gills, kidneys, and hormones from endocrine glands.
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Osmoregulation Mechanisms and Adaptations in Various Organisms.pdf
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Endocrine control of osmoregulation in fish zeinab klaab
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Recently uploaded
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Equivariant neural networks and representation theory
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
8.Isolation of pure cultures and preservation of cultures.pdf
Isolation of pure culture, its various method.
3D Hybrid PIC simulation of the plasma expansion (ISSS-14)
3D Particle-In-Cell (PIC) algorithm,
Plasma expansion in the dipole magnetic field.
waterlessdyeingtechnolgyusing carbon dioxide chemicalspdf
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
Cytokines and their role in immune regulation.pptx
This presentation covers the content and information on "Cytokines " and their role in immune regulation .
如何办理(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证本科学位证书原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(uvic毕业证书)维多利亚大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Thornton ESPP slides UK WW Network 4_6_24.pdf
ESPP presentation to EU Waste Water Network, 4th June 2024 “EU policies driving nutrient removal and recycling
and the revised UWWTD (Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive)”
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths Forward
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
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MECHANISM OF WATERR, , nutrition IN FISH
- 1. MECHANISM OF WATER, ION AND NUTRIENT ABSORPTION IN FISH Presented By : Zunaira Waheed Roll number : 1678-BS-Z-21 Semester : VI (Morning) Presented To: Dr. Irfana Liaqat Department of Zoology Government College University, Lahore
- 2. Table of Content • Osmoregulation in fish 1. Elasmobranchs 2. Bony fish • Nutrient Absorption • Significance • Conclusion
- 3. Osmoregulation in Fish • Osmoregulation is a vital physiological process in fish that ensures the maintenance of proper water and ion balance within their bodies, regardless of external environmental conditions • As aquatic organisms, fish constantly face challenges associated with osmotic pressure differences between their internal body fluids and the surrounding water Osmoregulation in Fish
- 4. • Fish have a pair of gills that extract oxygen and ions from water • Gills are made up of thin filaments that increases the surface area for gas and ion exchange Branchial Ion Transport
- 5. The branchial epithelium, a layer of cells lining the gills have major role in ion transport • Sodium potassium pump • Ion channels Branchial Ion Transport
- 6. • Include sharks, skates and rays • Urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) are the two main osmolytes • The increased cholesterol content of the gills contributes to their relative impermeability to urea and TMAO • Reabsorption of osmolytes by nephron Elasmobranchs
- 7. • Rectal gland actively secretes excess sodium and chloride ions into the rectal lumen, which helps regulate osmoregulation by expelling excess salts that are either absorbed by the gills or consumed with food • Excess monovalent ions are eliminated by the rectal glands, while divalent ions are eliminated by the kidneys • Hypo osmotic urine Elasmobranchs
- 8. Bony Fish • The majority of marine bony fish are constantly losing water through their gills and ingesting extra salt • This causes high salt concentration in blood initially • The specialized epithelial chloride cells in the gills actively transport NaCl forth more quickly than water leakage, making up for this excess
- 9. • Ingestion – consume food such as plankton insects or smaller fish enters mouth through esophagus into the stomach • Digestion – in stomach food is broken down by enzymes and acids • Absorption- in intestine nutrients are absorbed through the gut lining into the bloodstream Nutrient Absorption
- 10. Absorption occurs through various mechanisms: • Active transport: energy dependent transport of nutrient across the gut lining • Diffusion: movement of nutrient from high to low concentration accross the gut lining • Endocytosis: uptake of nutrients through vesicle formation and absorption Nutrient Absorption
- 11. • Water absorption is crucial for osmoregulation in fishes, allowing them to maintain proper internal fluid balance despite fluctuations in external water salinity • Water absorption in the gills facilitates gas exchange • Fishes require specific ions such as sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, and magnesium for various physiological functions, including nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and osmoregulation • Adequate nutrient absorption is crucial for supporting growth, development, and tissue repair in fish • Nutrient absorption plays a critical role in fish reproduction, influencing egg quality, embryo development, and larval survival Significance
- 12. • In conclusion, the mechanism of water, ions, and nutrient absorption in fishes is a complex yet essential process that controls their physiological functions and overall survival. Through complex systems involving various organs such as gills, intestines, and kidneys, fishes efficiently regulate their internal environment, maintain osmotic balance, and acquire essential nutrients from their aquatic surroundings. The ability of fishes to adapt to diverse aquatic environments, ranging from freshwater to saltwater habitats, showcases the remarkable evolutionary adaptations that have evolved over millions of years. Conclusion
- 13. Thank You