prepared BY G/medhin Necho [MPH IN FIELD EPIDEMOLGY]

1. Choose the best Answer
1. Populations and their movements through time are a component of:
A. Physical vulnerability
B. Environmental vulnerability
C. Social vulnerability
D. Economic vulnerability
2. Insurance is an example of:
A. Risk likelihood reduction
B. Risk avoidance
C. Risk acceptance
D. Risk transfer
3. All are the principle of emergency management except?
A. Coordination
B. Inflexibility
C. Comprehension
D. Progression
E. Risk driven
4. Which of the following is wrong?
A. Disaster may be hazard
B. Hazard is the product of risk and vulnerability
C. Hazard is any negative event require external assistance
D. Hazard by itself might be devastating.
E. all
5. The primarily concerned and other categories’ indirect impact of hazard among the
following
A. Social
B. Health
C. Environment
D. Economic
6. Among the following disease one does not notified by IHR 2005?
A. Smallpox
B. Poliomyelitis due to wild-type
C. Poliovirus human influenza caused by a new subtype
D. SARS
E. None
7. Slow occurrences and multi casual among the following natural disaster
A. Conflict
B. Earth quake
C. Volcano eruption
D. Out break
E. Shipwreck
8. According to disaster pattern from least to the most severe is
A. Outbreak, endemic, epidemic, and pandemic
B. Endemic, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic
C. Endemic, outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic
D. Endemic, epidemic, outbreak and pandemic
E. Endemic, outbreak, pandemic and epidemic
9. Natural disasters generally involve which of the following?

2. A. Events with a single clear-cut cause
B. Events that involve overlapping natural causes
C. Events wholly caused by the activities of man
D. Events that are unaffected by the activities of man
E. Events that always involve interaction between closely related processes
10. Common cause of tsunami
A. Undersea earthquake
B. Funnel-shaped air spirals
C. Strong winds accompanied by rain, snow and thunder
D. Volcanic eruption through magma
E. Displacement of convectional air current.
11. Among the following types of hazard which one is more common?
A. Biological
B. Physical
C. Chemical
D. Ergonomic
E. Mechanical
12. Commonly used type of epidemiological study design for disaster among the following
A. Cohort
B. Experimental
C. Case control
D. Crossectional
E. Ecological
13. More frequent type of disaster in Ethiopia among the following
A. Drought
B. Flood
C. Pest infestation
D. Outbreak
E. Conflict
14. The total amount of water requirement per liter for single cholera patient per day is
A. 80
B. 60
C. 40
D. 100
E. 50
15. All people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious
food for a healthy and active life, this is termed as
A. Nutritional security
B. Food aid
C. Food security
D. Food safety
E. All
16. The emergency threshold of under-five child death rate as standard uses below _____ per
day.
A. 1/100,0000
B. 2/10,000
C. 2/1000
D. 5/100,000
E. 0.02/1000
17. What activity takes place during the mitigation phase of a disaster cycle?

3. A. Conducting a rapid needs assessment
B. Conducting an inventory of available resources
C. Evaluating the safety of building codes
D. Conducting epidemiologic studies
E. C and D
18. During what phase of the disaster cycle does an epidemiologist play the most limited role?
A. Preparedness
B. Response
C. Recovery
D. Mitigation
19. What is an indicator of significant public health effects during disasters?
A. Disease incidence
B. Disease prevalence
C. Mortality rate
D. Case-fatality rate
20. Conducting a rapid needs assessment more commonly occurs during which phase of the
disaster cycle?
A. Preparedness
B. Response
C. Recovery
D. Mitigation
E. All
21. What is the recommended sampling method for conducting rapid need assessment?
A. Stratified sampling
B. Two-stage cluster sampling
C. Simple random sampling
D. Systematic sampling
22. Among the following one odd accordingly the disaster classification
A. Wildfires
B. Car accident
C. Avalanches
D. Monsoons
E. Blizzard
F. Mudslides
23. All are the objectives of rapid need assessments in disaster setting except?
A. Describe the effects of the disaster on health
B. Determine the critical health needs and assess the impact of the disaster
C. Characterize the population residing in the affected area
D. Produce individual -based information and estimates for decision-makers
E. Evaluate the effectiveness of relief efforts through a follow-up assessment
24. A systematic approach to characterizing the risks posed to individuals and populations by
potentially adverse exposures is
A. Risk assessment
B. Exposure assessment
C. Vulnerability assessment
D. Hazard assessment
E. B and C
25. ______________is the identification of a public health threat by closely and frequently
monitoring identified indicators and predicting the risk it poses on the health of the public
and the health system.
A. Early warning
B. Public health emergency preparedness

4. C. Public health emergency mitigation
D. Public health emergency response
E. Public health emergency recovery
26. All of the following the predisposing factor for drought except?
A. Widespread and persistent atmospheric calm areas known as subsidence
B. Localized subsidence induced by mountain barriers
C. Absence of rainmaking disturbances
D. Presence of humid airstreams
E. None
27. All of the following are the component of early warning system except?
A. Risk knowledge
B. Communication
C. Monitoring and warning service
D. Response capacity
E. None
28. Of the following one is direct health effect of disaster?
A. Vector-borne disease
B. Mental stress
C. Drowning
D. Carbon monoxide poisoning
E. Worsening of chronic disease
29. What activity takes place during the response phase of the disaster cycle?
A. Conducting surveillance of health problems
B. Conducting an inventory of available resources
C. Training of health personnel
D. Conducting epidemiologic studies
30. Which of the following does not describe an epidemiologist’s role in a disaster?
A. Identify disaster-related outcomes
B. Determine risk factors for affected population groups
C. Rebuild damaged infrastructures and restore health systems
D. Conduct rapid needs assessments
31. Oil spills, radiation emergencies from nuclear blasts, and bioterrorism are all examples of
what kind of disaster?
A. Natural disaster
B. Technological disaster
C. Complex emergency
D. Human-induced disaster
E. B and D
32. At what point does a natural or technological/human-induced event become a disaster?
A. If management of disaster possible through local government
B. If management of disaster require external assistance
C. If management of disaster cannot require external assistance

5. D. A and C
33. Among the following, all are the challenges or considerations for disaster epidemiology
except?
A. Absence of baseline data and Logistical constraints
B. Difficulty in obtaining denominator data
C. Damage or disruption to the local healthcare infrastructure
D. Coordination of data collection efforts
E. None
34. Conducting an outcomes assessment of a particular triage method after a natural disaster is an
example of
A. An evaluation study
B. A rapid needs assessment
C. An epidemiologic study
D.. A case-control study
35. All of the following activities on maintenance phase of communication during disaster
except?
A. Provide background and encompassing information
B. Explain emergency recommendations
C. Listen to stakeholder and audience
D. Persuade the public to support public policy and resource allocation
E. All
36. Which of the following is a disadvantage of Syndromic surveillance?
A. Small outbreaks are not detected
B. Data collection is through automated means
C. Early, real-time information gathering
D. Health department staff burden is low for data collection
37. _____________integrates signs and symptoms, primary complaints or presumptive
diagnoses, or other characteristics of the disease, rather than specific clinical or laboratory
diagnostic criteria.
A. Sentinel surveillance
B. Syndromic surveillance
C. Ad hoc surveillance
D. Mortality surveillance
38. ____________is an epidemiology tool that assess health effects, monitors the effectiveness
of relief efforts, responds to public concerns and media inquiries, and assists in planning for
future disasters.
A. Disaster epidemiology
B. Rapid needs assessments
C. Disaster surveillance
D. Disaster response

6. E. Disaster mitigation
39. The sub division of public health emergency management that used for rapid assessment of
outbreaks, outbreak investigations, implementing control and prevention measures, and
monitoring of the interventions is termed as
A. Public health preparedness
B. Public health mitigation
C. Public health response
D. Public health reconstruction
E. Public health Resilience
40. All are the risk management except
A. Avoid the risk
B. Reduce the likelihood of the occurrence and the consequences.
C. Transfer the risk
D. Accept/Retain the risk.
E. None
41. All are the description of hazard except
A. Intensity
B. Frequency and Extent
C. Time frame
D. Manageability
E. None
42. All are not the component of Minimum standards in disaster response except?
A. Health services
B. Water, sanitation, and hygiene promotion
C. Food security, nutrition and food aid
D. Shelter, settlement and non-food items
E. All
43. All of the following acceptable Case fatality rates except?
A. Cholera: _< 1%
B. Shigella dysentery: _<1%
C. Typhoid: _<1%
D. Meningococcal meningitis: _<2%
E. None
44. Which of the following is NOT an interview tip when conducting rapid need assessment?
A. Convey a sense of empathy and respect
B. Give respondents time to answer questions
C. Prefill answers to questions when you have heard the respondent previously answer the
question
D. Ask questions in the same manner for each interview

7. 45. Of which type of response rate describe as proportion of households at which contact was
attempted and agreed to complete an interview?
A. Contact rate
B. Cooperation rate
C. Completion rate
D. All
46. Which of the following definition are/is more specific?
A. Confirmed case definition
B. Possible case definition
C. Probable case definition
D. All
47. All of the following are the weaknesses of Ethiopia’s early warning system except?
A. Capacity limitation in the sub division
B. No complete power in the sub division
C. Lack of credibility and trust report
D. Gap b/n response and early warning
E. None
48. Disaster Responses in Ethiopia
A. There was no organized Until 1973
B. Currently multi-hazard and multi-sector approach based
C. Emphasize decentralized and community-based DRM System
D. All
49. All of the following are the focus of Disaster epidemiology Except
A. Prevent or reduce the morbidity and mortality resulting from disasters
B. Assess basic needs of affected populations
C. Provide first-response to affected populations
D. Inform resource allocation plans for the response phase of a disaster cycle
50. All are not the scope of rapid need assessment except?
A. Provide direct services to residents such as cleanup or home repair
B. Deliver food, medicine, medical services, or other resources to the affected area
C. Determine why people are not returning to their community
D. Establish current population estimates.
E. None
51. Among the following risk score which one is require immediate attention?
A. 20
B. 10
C. 6
D. 3
E. A and D

8. 52. Accordingly risk matrix ,The incident of likelihood impact of medium risk over two years
is
A. >0.05%
B. >0.005%
C. >5%
D. >50%
E. >0.5%
53. The reconstruction phase of disaster management refers to
A. Operations to restore basic social functions
B. The full resumption of socio-economic activities plus preventive measures
C. plan to minimize the hazard, vulnerability and long and short effects of a disaster
D. The provision of assistance or intervention during or immediately after a disaster
E. The capacity to absorb stress or destructive forces through resistance or adaptation
54. The entire following hazard related to wind except?
A. Hurricane
B. Blizzards
C. Drought
D. Tornadoes
E. Solar flare
55. Among the following which one true?
A. All emergency are disaster
B. All disaster are emergency
C. All hazard are disaster
D. All disaster are Vulnerability
E. B and D
56. All the features below, except one, are common to current complex emergencies?
A. Increased mortality
B. High levels of violence against civilians
C. High food insecurity
D. High number of battle-deaths
E. Large population displacement
57. How much time taken to report immediate reportable disease from site to Ethiopian federal
ministry of health?
A. 30minites
B. 1hrs
C. 2hrs
D. 30seconds
E. 3hrs
58. The fundamental principles of Control of Communicable Diseases is
A. Rapid Assessment
B. Surveillance
C. Outbreak Control
D. Disease Management
E. All

9. 59. All of the following activities done pre and during disaster phase except?
A. Identifying urgent needs & matching resources
B. Conducting disaster surveillance
C. Conducting epidemic investigations
D. Identifying risk factors for death & injury
60. Among the following which activities perform during emergency phase of disaster?
A. Conducting disaster damage assessment
B. Conducting descriptive & analytical studies
C. Planning medical & public health response to future disasters
D. Conducting long-term follow-up of rehabilitation/reconstruction activities
61. Among the following which activities perform in the post disaster phase?
A. Conducting post-disaster epidemiologic studies
B. Prioritizing relief efforts
C. Conducting rapid field investigations
D. Evacuating vulnerable areas
62. All of the following epidemiology apply on disaster except
A. Evaluation epidemiology
B. Analytic epidemiology
C. Surveillance epidemiology
D. None
63. How many household interviews during disaster study for sampling methods?
A. 7
B. 30
C. 210
D. 25
64. Priority diseases targeted in PHEM surveillance depends on all the following except
A. High epidemic potential
B. Required internationally under IHR2005
C. Targeted for eradication/elimination
D. Major Public Health Importance
E. Have available effective control and prevention measures
F. None
65. Meningitides epidemic if
A. In area with pop. >30,000 : 5 cases/100,000 pop./week
B. In area with pop. >30,000: 10/100,000 pop./week
C. In area with pop. <30,000 : 2 /10,0000cases/week
D. In area with pop. <30,000: 5 cases/week
E. Doubling in number of cases over 3 weeks period
F. All except A and C

10. 66. Which one of the following statements about the public health surveillance cycle is
true?
A. Clinical diagnosis is outside the surveillance cycle
B. Communication is outside the surveillance cycle
C. Action is outside the surveillance cycle
D. The surveillance cycle includes diagnosis, communication, and action
67. A_____________ are markers that indicate when something should happen or change
A. Alert
B. Threshold
C. Notification
D. Verification
E. Investigation
F. Rumors
68. A flash flood is a flood that
A. Is caused by heavy rain rather than from the flooding of a river
B. Occurs in urban areas
C. Occurs suddenly and unexpectedly and for a short duration
D. Is caused by the blocking of drains.
69. The process of identifying the probability of occurrence of a natural hazard of a given
intensity at a specific location based on an analysis of natural processes and site
conditions is termed as-
A. Risk assessment
B. Exposure assessment
C. Vulnerability assessment
D. Hazard assessment
E. B and C
Matching
70. Hazard A. Plan to respond
71. Vulnerability B. Coping capacity /capacity to recover.
72. Mitigation C. Long term risk reduction
73. Disaster D. An event require external assistance
74. Preparedness E. Give immediate attention
75. Resilience F. An event have negative impact
76. Emergency G. Exposure to danger.
Short answer
1.Discus each disaster phases
2.In Ethiopia, currently, mass displacement, physical injuries, deaths, and other health outcomes
due ethnic based induced conflicts affected in marts of the country. On the last five to seven
months people were displaced, reported as dead, injured, and were missing. Thousands of acres
of farmland were damaged. Because some responders were also victims and unable to work
during the disaster, public services needed staffing assistance from outside sources. The local

11. government requested interagency assistance from NGOs, MOH, and other key partners to
determine the health and general needs of the affected population. The objective was to inform
response and recovery activities by assessing affected areas and identifying post-storm public
health need.
A. List the information that you should gather to plan for an RNA responding to this disaster
B. What should the goals of the RNA be during the recovery and mitigation phase?
C. List some challenges that you would anticipate in this situations
D. Describe why these challenges would be relevant to an RNA
E. How would you classify this disaster?
F. What are the potential resulting effects of the disaster?
G. What are the likely public health implications?
H. What are the possible direct health effects?
I. What are the possible indirect health effects?
J. What are some potential response challenges?
K. Describe mitigation phase
L. Describe preparedness phase
M. Describe response phase