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Disaster management
- 2. DISASTER.... What is a disaster ? So basically, a disaster is a serious problem occurring over a short or long period of time that causes widespread human, material, economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Many disasters such as earthquakes, landslides, tsunami, cyclone, volcanic eruption, etc occur worldwide.
- 3. Types of Disasterโฆโฆ Natural ๏ต Environmental ๏ต Topographical ๏ต Meteorogical Man-made ๏ต Industrial accidents ๏ต Technological ๏ต Security related
- 4. Backgroundโฆ.. ๏ต Disasters are as old as human history but the dramatic increase and the damage caused by them in the recent past have become a cause of national and international concern. Over the past decade, the number of natural and manmade disasters has climbed inexorably. ๏ต From 1994 to 1998, reported disasters average was 428 per year but from 1999 to 2003, this figure went up to an average of 707 disaster events per year showing an increase of about 60 per cent over the previous years. The biggest rise was in countries of low human development, which suffered an increase of 142 per cent. ๏ต Major disasters in India : 1. Bhopal Gas Tragedy -1984 2. Gujarat earthquake -2001 3. Indian ocean Tsunami -2004 4. Mumbai attack -2008
- 5. Causesโฆ.. ๏ต Global warming ๏ต Pollution ๏ต Increasing population ๏ต Deforestation ๏ต Soil erosion ๏ต Tectonic movement ๏ต Seismic activity ๏ต Mining ๏ต Natural activities in earth crust ๏ต Careless human beings
- 6. Disaster management ๏ต Disaster management: The body of policy and administrative decisions and operational activities that pertain to various stages of a disaster at all levels. ๏ต It encompasses all the aspects of planning for and responding to disasters, including both pre and post disaster activities.
- 7. Impactsโฆ
- 8. Disaster management cycleโฆ 1. Before a disaster (pre-disaster) 2. During a disaster 3. After a disaster(Post-disaster)
- 9. Before Precautions of Disaster Managent Activities taken to reduce human and property losses caused by a potential hazard. For example carrying out awareness campaigns, strengthening the existing weak structures, preparation of the disaster management plans at household and community level etc. Such risk reduction measures taken under this stage are termed as mitigation and preparedness activities. ๏ต Evaluation of risk ๏ต Adopt standards and regulations ๏ต Organise communocation and response mechanism ๏ต Ensure all the resourses โ Ready and easily mobilised ๏ต Develop public education programs
- 10. During a disaster Initiatives taken to ensure that the needs and provisions of victims are met and suffering is minimized. Activities taken under this stage are called emergency response activities. ๏ต Search , rescue and first aid ๏ต Field care ๏ต Triage ๏ต Tagging ๏ต Identification of dead
- 11. After Precautions of Disaster Managent Initiatives taken in response to a disaster with a purpose to achieve early recovery and rehabilitation of affected communities, immediately after a disaster strikes. These are called as response and recovery activities. ๏ต Emergency Medical services ๏ต Food supply ๏ต water supply ๏ต Vaccination ๏ต Vector control ๏ต Basic sanitation personal hygiene
- 12. Conclusionโฆ. ๏ต Be prepared : Preparedness and Mitigation is bound to yield More effective returns than distributing Relief after a disaster. ๏ต Create a culture of preparedness and Prevention. ๏ต Evolve a code of conduct for sll Stoke-holders.
- 13. Awareness message for people ๏ต Encourage and consolidate Knowledge networks. ๏ต Mobilise and train disaster volunteers for more Effective preparedness , mitigation and response. (Scout and guides, NCC, Homeguards etc...) ๏ต Increased capacity building leads to faster vulnerability reduction. ๏ต Learn from best practices in disaster Preparedness, mitigation and disaster response.