Mci5004 biomarkers infectious diseases
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Molecular biomarkers can be used for several purposes in infectious disease research and clinical practice. These include detecting pathogens, measuring antibody responses, identifying markers of virulence, resistance, and disease severity, and understanding human immune responses and genetic susceptibility. Challenges include lack of sensitivity, mobile genetic elements, and changes in RNA sequences. Whole genome sequencing allows investigation of microbial phylogeny, evolution, and virulence factors.
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Mass Spectrometry Basic By Inam
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique that measures the molecular mass of samples. It provides accurate molecular weight measurements and can generate structural information by fragmenting samples. Mass spectrometers are used in various fields including biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, clinical analysis, environmental analysis, and geology. They work by ionizing samples, separating the ions by mass-to-charge ratio using an analyzer, and detecting the ions. Common ionization methods for biochemical analysis include electrospray ionization and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization.
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Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to identify unknown compounds and quantify known compounds by measuring the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It was pioneered in the late 19th century by J.J. Thomson and has since been significantly advanced. A mass spectrometer introduces a sample, ionizes it, separates the ions by their mass-to-charge ratio using electric or magnetic fields, and detects the ions. It has become a powerful tool for elucidating molecular structure and properties across many fields due to developments like soft ionization methods.
Instrumentation and application of LC-MS/MS in bioanalysis
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Secondary ion mass spectrometry
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) uses a beam of high energy ions to bombard a solid surface, causing ejection of secondary ions. A mass spectrometer then analyzes the mass-to-charge ratios of these secondary ions to identify sample composition. SIMS can perform both qualitative and quantitative analysis with high sensitivity down to parts-per-million or billion. It is commonly used for depth profiling of dopants and contaminants in semiconductors with excellent depth resolution. SIMS operates in three main modes - static SIMS for minimal surface alteration, imaging SIMS to map analyte distributions, and dynamic SIMS for depth profiling.
Maldi tof
MALDI-TOF is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry to analyze biomolecules like proteins, peptides, and sugars. It works by embedding analyte molecules in a crystalline matrix and using a laser to ionize the mixture, after which the ions are accelerated into a flight tube based on their mass-to-charge ratio. The time it takes ions to reach a detector is used to determine the mass of each analyte. Key advantages are its ability to analyze intact biomolecules, broad mass range, simple operation, and high sensitivity and resolution.
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Antifungal Therapy.
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