Money, Banking,
and Business
Lecture 20
Financial Innovation
Chapter 10
Questions?
Hedging Risks
Credit Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Liquidity Risk
Currency Risk
Liquidity Risk
Convert illiquid long-
term loans into
short-term liquid
securities
Collateralized Debt
Obligations
Combine and slice
into small bites
Make liquid
Individual
Mortgages
Package
as a
Security
Share
in the
Security
$200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000
$1,000,000
$20,000
Each
50
$1,000,000
8.0%
7.0%
$80,000
$70,000
Potential Profit
$10,000
Only $64,000
Short $6,000
Collateralized Debt
Obligations
Subprime Mortgages
Risky
Infection
CDO Derivatives
Betting on Defaults
Free money if no
default
Catastrophe
CDO Derivatives
You don’t have to
play to game to make
money not the game.
$5.1 Billion
no individual bankers have been charged with wrong doing.
$13.0 Billion
$16.6 Billion
$7.0 Billion
$3.2 Billion
Department of Justice - Settlements
Charles
Ponzi
$20
Million
Bernie
Madoff
$65
billion
Kurt
Burton
$75
million
Doug
Swenson
$274
million
Case-Shiller Index
Currency Risk
Forward Agreement
Lock the exchange
rate today for a
future date
Foreign Currency
Exchange
FX
$5 Trillion a Day
Exchange Rates Change
?
Today Tomorrow
Lock the future
rate
http://www.xe.com/currencyconverter/convert/?Amount=1&From=USD&To=ARS
Lost 25% in
two years
What expect in next two years?
Will someone take that risk for me?
Hedging
Not eliminating risk
Trading risk
New ways every day
Hedging - Trading Risks
Credit Risk
Interest Rate Risk
Liquidity Risk
Currency Risk
Hedging - Trading Risks
Do you want to take
the risk or sell the
risk?
Loan Rate Pricing
Add up all the risk
factors
Minimum

Mbb20