Maxillary Sinus Anatomy and Functions
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This document discusses the anatomy and development of the maxillary sinus. It notes that the maxillary sinus is the largest of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses. It develops beginning at 2 months in utero and grows in two phases, from 0-3 years and 7-12 years. The maxillary sinus has a pyramidal shape with its base on the nasal wall and apex at the zygomatic process. It is related to the roots of the posterior maxillary teeth and drains into the middle meatus via the maxillary ostium.
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Maxillary Sinus Anatomy and Functions
- 1. MAXILLARY SINUS DR.G.NANDHINI DEPT. OF ORAL PATHOLOGY SRM DENTAL COLLEGE
- 2. PARANASAL SINUSES • Hollow air filled cavities or spaces lined by mucous membrane • 4 pairs of paranasal sinuses (bilaterally) Maxillary air sinus - Largest Frontal air sinus, Ethmoidal air sinus Sphenoidal air sinus
- 3. MAXILLARY SINUS • Antrum of Highmore (Nathaniel Highmore) • Maxillary sinus is the pneumatic space that is lodged inside the body of the maxilla and that communicates with the environment by way of the middle nasal meatus and the nasal vestibule
- 4. FUNCTIONS • Imparts resonance to the voice • Increases the surface area and lightens the skull • Warming of inspired air • Humification of dry air • Filters the debris from the inspired air • Mucus production and storage • Limit extent of facial injury from trauma • Provides thermal insulation
- 5. DEVELOPMENT • 1st to develop • Begins at 2 months in utero • Biphasic growth • 0 to 3 yrs • 7 to 12 yrs • Shape varies • Tubular at birth • Ovoid in childhood • Pyramidal in adulthood
- 6. ANATOMY • Pyramidal in shape. • Volume – 15 cm3 [34x33x23] • Base – Nasal wall • Apex – Zygomatic process • Roof – Orbital floor • Floor – Level varies
- 9. FLOOR OF THE SINUS Closely related to root apices of the maxillary premolar and molar.
- 10. MAXILLARY OSTIUM • High up in medial wall • Opens into the middle meatus of the nose in the lower part of the hiatus semilunaris. • Size – 2.5mm
- 11. RELATED STRUCTURES • Nasolacrimal duct • Nasal fontanelles
- 12. VASCULAR SUPPLY • Arterial supply: • Infraorbital A • Sphenopalatine A • Greater palatine A • Posterior superior alveolar A • Venous drainage • Facial & pterygoid plexus of veins • Lymph – Submandibular nodes
- 13. NERVE SUPPLY • Parasymphathetic • Greater petrosal N – Mucous secretion • Sensory • Greater palatine N • Infraorbital N
- 14. HISTOLOGY • Schnederian membrane – Bilaminar • Ciliated columnar epithelium • Periosteum Bone
- 15. SINUS EPITHELIUM • Pseudostratified ciliated Columnar epithelium [0.3 – 0.8mm] • Cells with cilia • Cells without cilia • Goblet cells • Basal cells • Transient immune cells [Lymphocytes & Plasma cells]
- 17. GOBLET CELLS
- 18. PERIOSTEUM • It is formed of connective tissue cells, and intercellular substance of collagen bundles and it is moderately vascular. • The lamina propria contains subepithelial antral glands composed of mixed glands formed of serous and mucous acini or mixed acini as well as myoepithelial cells.
- 19. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS • Small sinus – Congenital syphilis • Inflammatory - Maxillary sinusitis • Traumatic - Fractured root Blow out fracture Zygomatic complex fracture • Calcification – Antroliths • Tumor - Antral Polyps Squamous cell carcinoma • Oro antral communication