That’s a variation of my Master Thesis presentation Edited to be published on web.

1. Hellenic Open University
School of Science and Technology
Master’s in Information Systems MSc
Master Thesis
Using semantic web technology for e-Government: e-Trust and e-Participation Issues
Eirini K. Voutskoglou
Supervisor: Dr. Christos K. Georgiadis, Assistant Professor
University of Macedonia
Dept. of Applied Informatics
Patras
September 2013
1

2. That’s a variation of my Master Thesis presentation
Edited to be published on web.
E.V.
2

3. Contents
1. E-Participation - Deliberations
2. Ontologies- D2rq Server/Language
3. E-Trust– Web Of Trust
4. Veracity Model – Veracity ontology
5. Implementations
3

4. E-Participation
e-Deliberation
E- Information
E-Consultation
E-Decision Making

Poll
Poll
Survey
Survey
Taxonomies
Forum
Doc
Taxonomies

Forum
Tags

Web 2.0
Doc

Tags
4

5. D2RQ Server
“Unruly data”
Deliberation
Phase
D2RQ Language
Web 2.0
tools
Non-RDF
Database
D2RQ
Mapping
File
D2R
Server
RDF
Browsers
Ontologies
SPARQL
Clients
HTML
Browsers
Transform -> Connect -> Publish
5

6. Ontologies
“The tyranny of conformance”
or else “Don’t agonize. Organize”
Deliberation
Phase
Web 2.0
tools
Non-RDF
Database
D2RQ
Language
D2RQ
Mapping File
Vocabularies
Ontologies
Owl:Class
Instances
FOAF
SIOC
Owl:Restriction
Owl:DatatypeProperty
SCOT
DCMI
Owl:ObjectProperty
Web 3.0
6

7. e-Trust
1
A
?
OpenPGP (PGP/MIME)
B
2
7

+Fingerprint
4
5
3
6
On web 2.o we know
how that works
A
A
Sign certificate
OpenPGP
OpenPGP
B
B
Sign certificate
C
Sign certificate
D
A
OpenPGP
OpenPGP
C
B
D
OpenPGP
B
A
On web 3.o we need
correlations and a
record of these
correlations
C
Web Of Trust
7

8. Ontology Web Of Trust
[WOT]
Detached
Signature
Certificate
Α
Encrypter
Encrypt
Sign
RDF
File
Endorsement
EncryptedDocument
Certificate
B
signer
Encrypted
RDF File
B Signs A
WOT
RDF
File
8

9. Veracity
I’ve slightly changed
this Veracity ontology
In order to have
Public Certificates +
Detached Signatures
Trust? - Sign & Prove.
9

10. Implementations
10

11. Implementation 1 – e-Participation platform [Liferay 6.1.0]
Authentication

11

12. OpenLDAP & Liferay
12

13. Server administration – Mail
C:myportalliferay-portal-6.1.0-ce-ga1tomcat7.0.23confCatalinalocalhost
ROOT.xml
13

14. No Categories for Message Board portlet? Add a line.
C:myportalliferay-portal-6.1.0-ce-ga1tomcat-7.0.23webappsROOThtmlportletmessage_boards
14

15. Implementation 1 – e-Participation platform
Suggested
deliberation
Topics
Authentication

Deliberation
Community
Roles

Permissions
Voting for
deliberation
Domain
Domain taxonomy
for users to use as
tags
Forum
Document
library
Survey/
Statistics
FAQ
[Knowledge
Base portlet]
15

16. KnowledgeBase portlet – Add Sections
C:myportalliferay-portal-6.1.0-ce-ga1tomcat-7.0.23webappsknowledge-base-portletWEB-INFsrc
C:myportalliferay-portal-6.1.0-ce-ga1tomcat-7.0.23webapps
knowledge-base-portletWEB-INFclasses
Redeploy!
16

17. Implementation 1 – Developing eParticipation ontology
Deliberation
Phase
Web 2.0
tools
Non-RDF
Database
D2RQ
Language
D2RQ
Mapping
File
eParticipation ontologies
ontology
D2R
Server
“Class” it!
Deliberation
Phase
Re-Use Vocabularies -> Develop
17

18. Implementation 1 – Editing D2RQ mapping file
Generate D2RQ mapping file
generate-mapping -o mapping.ttl (-d driver.class.name) -u db-user -p db-password
jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/db_name
Edit D2RQ mapping file
<> a d2r:Server;
rdfs:label "D2R Server";
d2r:baseURI <http://localhost:2020/>;
d2r:port 2020;
d2r:documentMetadata [
rdfs:comment "custom metadata";
];
.
map:database a d2rq:Database;
d2rq:jdbcDriver "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
d2rq:jdbcDSN
"jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/db_lportal610";
d2rq:username "voutskoglou";
d2rq:password “pass*****";
jdbc:autoReconnect "true";
jdbc:zeroDateTimeBehavior "convertToNull";
.
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19. Implementation 1 - D2rq language
Edit D2RQ mapping file re-using vocabularies and ontologies
map:Participation a d2rq:ClassMap;
d2rq:dataStorage map:database;
d2rq:uriPattern "group/@@group_.groupId@@";
d2rq:class epart:Participation;
d2rq:classDefinitionLabel "Participation";
d2rq:condition "group_.type_ = 2";
d2rq:additionalClassDefinitionProperty map:participationSubClassOf;
.
map:participationSubClassOf a d2rq:PropertyBridge;
d2rq:propertyName rdfs:subClassOf;
d2rq:propertyValue sioc:Space;
.
19

20. SQL Expressions u may need
d2rq:sqlExpression "SHA1(CONCAT('mailto:', user_.emailAddress))";
d2rq:sqlExpression "ExtractValue(pollsquestion.title, '/root/Title')";
d2rq:sqlExpression "SELECT REPLACE(REPLACE(REPLACE(kbarticle.content
,'<p>',' '),'</p>',' '),'&nbsp;',' ')";
d2rq:sqlExpression "SELECT TRIM(BOTH '_' FROM kbarticle.sections)";
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21. Implementation 1 – Publishing data in D2r Server
Start the D2R Server
d2r-server mapping.ttl
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22. Implementation 2 - WOT RDF file
D2RQ mapping
file
D2rq command dump-rdf
RDF Data
Sign & Encrypt
Encrypted
RDF File
Detached
Signature
<EncryptedDocument
rdf:about="http://www.example.com/myfiles/myportal_encrypted.rdf.asc">
<dc:title>MyPortal RDF Data Encrypted</dc:title>
<encryptedTo rdf:nodeID="KeyB"/>
<encrypter rdf:nodeID="KeyA"/>
</EncryptedDocument>
Tip: U will need <foaf:mbox_sha1sum>. Grab it from the d2rq published data!
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23. Implementation 3 – Evaluating a [e-government] project with Veracity Model
Folder
Proposition
Folder Role
Trusted
Authority
Folder Role
Contextual
Knowledge
Folder Role
Reference
Knowledge
Permissions for Access
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24. Implementation 3 – Evaluating a [e-government] project with Veracity Model

Trusted
Authority
Trusted
Confidence

Contextual
Knowledge
Trusted
Participation
Knowledge Proof
Trusted
Participation
Knowledge Proof
- Reference

Reference
Knowledge
Use Permissions for the taxonomy or the categories or the subcategories!
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25. Implementation 3 – Roles and Files per Folder
Folder
Proposition
Folder Role
Contextual
Knowledge
Personal Folder
Role Contextual
Knowledge
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26. Implementation 3 - Editing D2RQ mapping file
map:Trustworthiness a d2rq:ClassMap;
d2rq:dataStorage map:database;
d2rq:uriPattern "trustworthiness/@@assetcategory.categoryId@@";
d2rq:class mvo:Trustworthiness;
d2rq:condition "assetcategory.vocabularyId=12961";
.
map:trustworthiness_true a d2rq:PropertyBridge;
d2rq:belongsToClassMap map:Trustworthiness;
d2rq:property mvo:trusted;
d2rq:pattern "1";
d2rq:condition "assetcategory.name='True'";
d2rq:datatype xsd:boolean;
.
map:directassertion_asserting a d2rq:PropertyBridge;
d2rq:belongsToClassMap map:DirectKnowledgeProofAssertion;
d2rq:property mvo:is_proofOf;
d2rq:refersToClassMap map:Trustworthiness;
d2rq:join "dlfileentry.fileEntryId = assetentry.classPK";
d2rq:join "assetentry.entryId = assetentries_assetcategories.entryId";
d2rq:join "assetentries_assetcategories.categoryId = assetcategory.categoryId";
.
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27. Implementation 3 - Publishing data in D2r Server
27

28. Implementation 3 – Classes and Instances in D2r Server
This Class has been created collecting data from different folders.
An interesting Property has been created through the characteristic of a digital
certificate being signed or not.
28

29. The best way to test your d2rq mapping and ontologies
Is by creating Sparql queries.
Lots of Sparql queries!
I’m still making changes in my d2rq files and in my
ontologies every time I need specific characteristics for a
certain purpose.
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30. About Liferay

-
I tested three different installations:
Bundled with Tomcat
Unbundled as root webapp
Unbundled as non root webapp
 I chose the first one. Couldn’t use an extra survey portlet though, something I
could use in the other two options.
 Web Form portlet is nice but I couldn’t find a way to connect one’s data with a
different community site. May be it was there and I just couldn’t see it..
• I also tested Liferay 6.1.1 but I chose to use Liferay 6.1.0 because of some Greek
language problems.
• If u need Sesame, then u’d like to know that it works fine in a Bundled Liferay.
• Dynamic Data portlet is really great although I didn’t use it in the end.
• If u ask me “Is Liferay unstable?” I will answer “..PEBCAK” 
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31. About eGoverment
Ask not what technology can do for your government
But
How your government can and WANT to use technology.
Stop creating hundreds of eGov portals.
It’s a mess!
Do your citizens a favor.
EDUCATE them on how to use e-services.
31

32. Tools
liferay-portal-6.1.0-ce-ga1 bundled with tomcat-7.0.23
Portlets: Sign in, My Sites, Poll, Message Board, Document Library, Knowledge Base [edited to
include Sections], Asset Publisher, Nested portlet
Also used: Categories, Tags
http://www.liferay.com/
MySQL Server 5.5
MySQL Workbench 5.2 CE
http://www.mysql.com/
OpenLDAP Server
Jxplorer
http://www.openldap.org
http://jxplorer.org/
D2RQ Server 0.8.1
http://d2rq.org/
GPG4win
http://www.gpg4win.org/
Protégé 4.2 beta
http://protege.stanford.edu/
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33. Ontologies/Vocabularies Studied
WOT http://xmlns.com/wot/0.1/
Veracity http://socsem.open.ac.uk/ontologies/veracity/#
FOAF http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/
SIOC http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#
SIOC Types http://rdfs.org/sioc/types
SCOT http://scot-project.net/scot/spec/scot.html
TAG http://www.holygoat.co.uk/projects/tags/
MOAT http://moat-project.org/
SKOS http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core
DCMI http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
GI2MO http://www.gi2mo.org/0.4/ns.html
IBIS http://otago.ourarchive.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10523/1086/dp2009-06.pdf
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34. Thank u
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