Several 19th century thinkers criticized capitalism and proposed new social models. This included Marxism/socialism which aimed to replace capitalism with a classless society through proletariat revolution, as well as anarchism which advocated destroying the state and private property in favor of egalitarian collective societies through revolutionary action. These ideologies led to the formation of socialist and anarchist movements that aimed to improve workers' conditions through legislation or revolution.

2. Several thinkers denounced the inequalities created by capitalism and
thought about new models of social order
NEW IDEOLOGIES AFTER 18TH CENTURY

3. Marxism and socialism
It would be
necessary a
capitalist
system
Finally it
The proletariat
would get
The socialist would get
an ideal followers decided
political power
by way of a
classless to get into political revolution
Their ideas were
society life and they
Denounced
Karl Marx and written established the
Friedrich the socialist party
in one book
Engels are its exploitation of called
thinkers working class
“ The Capital” This dictatorship
would get the After revolution the
end of private govern would be a
property and proletariat
They wanted a Revolution to destroy Individualism dictatorship
capitalism
The socialist party got better legislation for workers

4. Anarchism
They advocated
revolutionary action and
wanted workers and
peasants to destroy the
State
Ideas: They They would
create a
1-The exaltation of
hate collective
Proudhon individual freedom.
Marxist
Steps and
Bakunin and 2-Criticism of private egalitarian
Kropotkin property ideas society
were the main 3-Defence of forms of
anarchist collective property
thinkers 4-rejection of all political They were opposed to
and religious authority participation in politics and
allowed the unions. Some of
They wanted a Revolution to destroy Capitalism them were terrorist while
others were pacifist.

5. Internationalism
• Marxists and anarchists
defended the idea of joining
I International forces together and decided
to create a meeting but it
failed
• This International was founded by some
socialist leaders in Paris in 1889.
• They created some important symbols
II International such as their hymn and the festival of
the First of May