Mars Analogue Mission Simulation Present and Future

Mars Analogue Mission Simulation
Present and Future
Stephan Gerard
Mars in the Age of New Space Launchers Symposium
British Interplanetary Society HQ
01 Mar 2018
Image Credit: IPNSIG
Photo © University of Hawaii

Introduction
Human exploration mission in deep space require
Planning
Technologies development
Testing
that can be done in advance on Earth.
S. Gerard - Mars Analogue Mission Simulation
Present & Future - 01 Mar 2018
1

Definition
What is a Mars analogue mission ?
2

Definition
A Mars analogue mission is:
a mission on Earth in an environment that is
close to that on Mars and simulate some
aspects of the mission.
3

Definition
But not all aspects can be simulated during
an analogue mission.
Several type of analogue mission are needed.
4

Definition
Fields studied during an analogue mission:
- Engineering
- Sciences
- Human factors
5

Definition
A Mars analog mission permits to study:
- The effects of long term of crew isolation
- The exchange between the crew members
- The autonomy of the crew
- The interaction of the crew with Earth
- The constraints of communication delay with
Earth
- If a scientific experiment is feasible
6

What is presented in this
presentation
This presentation will focus on Mars analogue
mission during the stay on Mars
Not on analogue mission simulating the journey
to Mars (Mars 500, HERAS, …)
But these analog missions are also very
important and some topics are common to the
2 phases to a crewed mission to Mars.
7

Type of analog missions
- Analogue mission with or without a permanent
habitat
- Analogue mission in different places (desert,
cave, glacier, artic)
- Short or long duration (2 weeks, 1 month, 1
year)
- Different objectives (scientific experiments,
team cohesion, procedures, …)
8

Analogue mission
The usage of analogue missions is not new and
have been used during the Apollo program.
Planetary analogue campaign have been run to
test equipment and procedures and train the
persons that will use them.
9

1
Mission duration
Long duration
160 days (2 x 80) Mars 160
1 year (Hi-SEAS IV)
Mid-duration
1 to 8 months (AMADEE, Hi-SEAS)
Short duration
4 days to 2 weeks (D-MARS, MDRS,
AMADEE)
10

1
The Mars Society analogue habitats
The Mars Society (TMS) has 2 habitats
in 2 analogue locations:
FMARS (Flashline Mars Research Station)
Artic, Canada
MDRS (Mars Desert Research Station)
Utah, USA
11

1
FMARS
(Flashline Mars Research Station)
- Located in Devon Island, Nunavut, Artic,
Canada
- 165 km northeast of Resolute (Nunavut)
- A Mars analog environment in a polar desert
- 1st mission conducted in 2000
12

1
Photo © The Mars Society 2014
Photo © The Mars Society
Flashline Mars Research Station
13

1
Photo © The Mars Society 2014
14

1
MDRS
(Mars Desert Research Station)
- Located in Utah desert
- 12 km from Hanksville – Utah
- Rotation of 2 weeks mission from December
until May
- A Mars analog environment in a dry desert
- In operation in 2001
15

1
MDRS
(Mars Desert Research Station)
- 17th field season
- 1st mission in 2002 (189 crews between Feb
2002 and today)
16

1
MDRS
Photo © The Mars Societ
17

1
MDRS
Photos © The Mars Society
18

1
Haughton Mars Project (HMP)
A terrestrial analog site for the Moon and
Mars.
Located in Devon Island, Nunavut, Artic, Canada
The Haughton crater resembles to the Mars
surface
Analog for researching Extravehicular Activities
(EVA) and mining technologies
Analog mission conducted since 1997
19

2
Mars 160
A 160 days analogue mission
organised by the Mars Society
2 x 80 days
Team of 9 persons
1st phase of 80 days at MDRS
Mars Desert 80 (MD80)
2nd phase of 80 days at FMARS
Mars Artic 80 (MA80)
20

2
Mars 365
A 1 year analogue mission
presented by the Mars Society
Mars 160 is the prelude to the 1 year analog
mission at FMARS
21

2
Haughton Mars Project (HMP)
About 100 persons have participated
To test:
- technologies and operations in remote
extreme environments
- conducting science research on Mars like
terrain
22

2S. Gerard - Mars Analogue Mission Simulation
23

24

2
Austrian Space Forum (OeWF)
Mars simulations
Field simulations
AustroMars– MDRS - USA (2006)
desert 17-22 April 2011
Kaunertal Glacier Field Test - Austria (2010)
glacier 31 July – 01 August 2010
Rio Tinto – Spain (2011)
acidic river area– 17-22 April 2011
25

2
Austrian Space Forum (OeWF)
Mars simulations
Dachstein – Austria (2012)
ice caves 27 Apr – 01 May 2012
Mars 2013 - Morocco (2013)
desert 01 – 28 Feb 2013
AMADEE-15 - Tyrol (2015)
glacier 01 – 15 August 2015
AMADEE-18 - Oman (2018)
desert 01 – 28 Feb 2018
26

2
Rio Tinto
Photo © OeWF Paul Santek 2011
27

2
Photo © OeWF Zanella Kux 2012
Daschtein 2012
28

2
Photo © OeWF Katja Zanella-Kux 2013
Morocco 2013
29

3
AMADEE-15
Photos © OeWF Claudia Stix 2015
30

3
AMADEE-15
Photos © OeWF Claudia Stix 2015
31

3
Photos © OeWF Florian Voggeneder 2018
AMADEE-18
Photos © OeWF Florian Voggeneder 2018
Photos © OeWF Gerald Steinbauer2018
32

3
Photo © OeWF Florian Voggeneder 2018
AMADEE-18
33

3
The Hi-SEAS site:
- Mauna Loa in Hawaii
- Altitude: 2500m
- Geological similarity with Mars
- surrounded by recent lava flow (few plants
and animals present)
- cool and dry constant climate
- Physical isolation but accessible by a dirt road
Hi-SEAS
Hawai’i Space Exploration Analog and
Simulation
34

3
Hi-SEAS
Crew of 6
Crew selection criteria equal to those for
Antartic station
Emergency services within 1h driving distance
Communication with 20min time delay (each
way)
35

3
Hi-SEAS mission summary
Mission I 4 months - 2013
crew of 6 (3 men / 3 women)
Mission II 4 months - 2014
Mission III 8 months – 2014 – 2015)
crew of 6 (3 men / 3 women
36

3
Mission IV 12 months (2015 – 2016)
Mission V 8 months (Jan 2017 – Sep 17 2017)
37

3
Mission VI 8 months (15 Feb – 19 Feb2017)
4 nationalities
è interruption due to a medical emergency
38

3
39

4
40

4
Hi-SEAS mission I
The purpose was to address risks associated with
an inadequate food system.
Compare the resource costs and the nutritional
and psycho-social benefits of two food systems
proposed for long-term space missions:
- prepackaged “instant” food
- foods prepared by the crew from shelf
stable, bulk packaged ingredients.
41

4
Hi-SEAS mission II
Collect data on team cohesion and performance.
The overall objective of campaign was the
studies of:
- Team Performance
- Face-to-face interactions with sociometric
badges
42

4
Hi-SEAS mission II
- mitigation of the effects of isolation
- measurement of emotional and effective
states using automated analysis of multiple
forms of textual communications provided
by the crew members to identify relevant
and effective teamwork behaviors
- multiple stress and cognitive monitoring
studies.
43

4
Hi-SEAS mission III to V
Continue the research begun during the 2nd
mission and to collect data on team cohesion
and performance.
44

4
Hi-SEAS mission VI
The 4 analog astronauts are from 4 different
countries (Australia, Korea, Scotland and
Slovakia)
Continue the experiments from the previous 8
months and 1 year analog missions
45

4
SHEE
(Shelf-deployable Habitat for Extreme
Environments)
SHEE is a deployable habitat
It is part of the moonwalk project (co-funded
by EU-7th framework program)
Has been deployed the 1st time in Rio Tinto in
2016 for a mars analogue mission
46

4
SHEE
(Shelf-deployable Habitat for Extreme
Environments)
Photo © Comex
47

4
Moonwalk
- Use SHEE as a deployable habitat
- Test of the Gandolfi II space simulation suit
(for underwater and surface simulations)
- Human Machine Interface (HMI)
- Interactive displays (EVAIS - EVA information
system)
- Test an amphibious light-weight rover named
YEMO
- A mission control in Brussels (Space
Applications Services)
48

49

5
Lunares
mobile research station
- A simulated space habitat in Pila (Poland)
- Simulate conditions of a real mission on Moon
or on Mars
- Could be setup for Moon or Mars simulation
- The habitat is based on a former military
hangar with a dome constructed on its side
50

5
Lunares
The hangar:
- is used for EVA
- to be independent of the weather condition
- permit isolation of the analogue astronauts
from the outside
51

5
Lunares
Photo © Space Garden
52

5
Lunares
2 analogue mars mission in 2017
PMAS’17
6 analogue astronauts (3 men / 3 women)
2 weeks
ICAres-1
6 analogue astronauts (3 men / 3 women)
2 weeks (8-22 Oct 2017)
53

5
Poland Mars Analog Simulation
(PMAS)
Organised by SGAC and SEPG (SGAC Space
Exploration Project Group)
- 6 analogue astronauts
- 3 crew members will stay inside the dome
habitat
- 3 crew members can go outside
- 2 weeks
A test bed for future Moon/Mars Expeditions
54

5
(PMAS)
M.A.R.S. Laboratory in southern Poland and
a Mission Support Team 531 km away at ESTEC.
Students and young professionals from 6
continents and more than 30 countries.
55

5
(PMAS)
15-minute delay on message reception (each
way) => no real-time conversations
2 weeks simulation
(3 days will be for Lunar simulation in
association with ESA)
A mission Control at ESTEC (ESA)
56

5
(PMAS)
PMAS's vision is to involve the public, especially
younger generations in actual space research
projects through:
• Social media
• Outreach public events
• Citizen science projects
• Student competitions
• Produce professionally analog mission
57

5
ICAres-1
A crew of 6 analog astronauts
- 3 men / 3 women
- 4 Polish, 1 German, 1 French
- 2 weeks mission (8–22 Oct 2017)
A Mission Control at ESTEC
58

5
ICAres-1
The mission objectives:
- Complete isolation for the outside world
during 2 weeks
- Biorythm of the crew that follow a Martian
time cycle
- Analyse how a crew member with a disability
react to an analog mission environment
59

6
D-MARS
- Establishing a space analogue mission in the
Negev, in the south of Israel
- Makhtesh Ramon crater holds many
similarities to the Martian geology (arid
desert)
- to promote the space sector, science and
technology in Israel.
- Public outreach
60

6
D-MARS
- 1st mission last February
- 4 days (15 – 18 Feb 2018)
- Tests the procedures
- Public outreach
- MSTAT experiment in cooperation with OeWF
during AMADEE-18 mission
61

6
Concordia
Also called “White Mars”
Altitude: 3200m
During winter:
- Complete isolation during winter
- no supplies, nobody can leave the base
- No rescue possible if an emergency occurs
63

6
Concordia
Concordia is the closest analog base on Earth
related to interplanetary exploration
Can be seen as the analog site closest to Mars
67

6
Conclusion
A typical crew of analogue astronauts:
6 members (3 men / 3 women)
What can be done and tested in advance on
Earth, have to be done.
Some sites on Earth require a complex logistic,
have extreme environment (like Antartica) that
can be life threatening for the analog crew
68

6
Conclusion
Lessons learned from the Apollo program
Repeated learning and practice in many similar
environments to the Moon was an important
step for the success of the missions.
No substitute exists for working in the field to
learn the principle of field observation and
sampling.
69

7
Conclusion
"People know about the Apollo missions,
but not about the training that got them to the point
where they could actually do this,”
British photographer Matthew Broadhead
70

7
The Apollo training was based on the principle:
“You learn by doing and then doing some more”
71

7
Questions
72

7
Interactive session
73

7
Contacts
stephan.gerard@protonmail.com
@stiopag
74

7
NASA analog missions
Paving the way for space exploration
76

7
Links (1/4)
Mars Society
http://www.marssociety.org
Mars 160
http://mars160.marssociety.org
FMARS
http://fmars.marssociety.org
MDRS
http://mdrs.marssociety.org
77

7
Links (2/4)
Mars Institute
https://www.marsinstitute.no
PMAS / SGAC
https://www.facebook.com/sepg.sgac/
https://spacegeneration.org/projects/space-exploration
Hi-SEAS
https://hi-seas.org
D-Mars
https://www.d-mars.org
78

7
Links (3/4)
SHEE
http://www.shee.eu
Concordia
http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Human_Spaceflight/Concordia/Ou
r_future_in_space_starts_on_Earth
http://www.institut-polaire.fr
79

8
Links (4/4)
Lunares
https://almostmars.com/
https://hiseasandrzej.wordpress.com/
http://www.freedomes.com/references/m-a-r-s-project-and-a-
geodesic-space-dome-at-its-centre
http://space.garden/
http://lunares.space
https://twitter.com/_SpaceGarden_
80

Mars Analogue Mission Simulation Present and Future

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Mars Analogue Mission Simulation Present and Future

Similar to Mars Analogue Mission Simulation Present and Future (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Mars Analogue Mission Simulation Present and Future