This document provides an overview of key marketing concepts including defining marketing, the marketing mix (4Ps), market segmentation, product life cycle, and methods of conducting market research. Marketing is defined as identifying, anticipating, and satisfying customer needs profitably. The role of marketing is to identify customer needs and provide desired goods/services to generate profits. The marketing mix consists of product, price, place, and promotion. Market segmentation involves dividing the market into distinct groups based on factors like demographics. Products go through different stages in their life cycle from development to decline. Market research can be primary research collecting new data or secondary research using existing data sources.
Cluster Project 3 report on MPW Industrial Cleaning ServicesKristopherJones
This is the final draft for my group’s report on MPW Industrial Cleaning Services for Ohio University\’s Business Cluster Program. This project is about how our group can improve MPW’s marketing and find new areas of growth.
Firm Strategy for Global or Multi-domestic OrganizationsAssignment Studio
Firms are utilizing and adopting several strategies as per nature of their business to accomplish mission and vision. In this report, several global strategies have been explored and the applications and practical implications have also been compared with a global firm. The operations of IKEA have been studied to see the outcomes of global strategy in its operations.
B Business and Management (Standard Level)
All material taken from the IB Business and Management Textbook:
"Business and Management", Paul Hoang, IBID Press, Victoria, 2007
Cluster Project 3 report on MPW Industrial Cleaning ServicesKristopherJones
This is the final draft for my group’s report on MPW Industrial Cleaning Services for Ohio University\’s Business Cluster Program. This project is about how our group can improve MPW’s marketing and find new areas of growth.
Firm Strategy for Global or Multi-domestic OrganizationsAssignment Studio
Firms are utilizing and adopting several strategies as per nature of their business to accomplish mission and vision. In this report, several global strategies have been explored and the applications and practical implications have also been compared with a global firm. The operations of IKEA have been studied to see the outcomes of global strategy in its operations.
B Business and Management (Standard Level)
All material taken from the IB Business and Management Textbook:
"Business and Management", Paul Hoang, IBID Press, Victoria, 2007
The 60s american politics turbulent decadeMarcus9000
A look at the political history of the USA spanning the decade of the 1960s.
This covers events such as the Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Civil Rights Movement and the Space Race as well as the Cold War.
This is a light hearted look at the box office performance of James Cameron's movies.
He currently holds number 1 & 2 positions at the all time global box office.
He also ties the record of oscar wins for one film, 11 for Titanic in 1998.
Some facts and pics about Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. KL is a Global City and one which I have visited twice in 2005 and 2007. It is a fascinating mix of ancient Asia, 21st Century steel and glass, and indeed European influence.
KL is the capital of Malaysia and is an example of that country's drive to become fully developed by 2020.
Some facts and pictures about Barcelona, Capital of Catalonia.
Barcelona is a glamourous European city I have visited only once in 2008.
It is a proud city and one that is deeply Catalan and not Spanish!
Some facts and pictures about Chicago.
I visited Chicago in summer 2007. It is a beautiful city which I didn't know had a marina as it is on the shores of Lake Michigan.
Chicago has incredible architecture, such as the salient Sears Tower. The biggest city in the Mid-West and indeed between the East and West Coasts. It is a must see!
where can I find a legit pi merchant onlineDOT TECH
Yes. This is very easy what you need is a recommendation from someone who has successfully traded pi coins before with a merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold thousands of pi coins before the open mainnet.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with
@Pi_vendor_247
BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
Flexible Credit Requirements: USDA loans have more lenient credit score requirements, helping those with less-than-perfect credit.
Guaranteed Loan Program: The USDA guarantees a portion of the loan, reducing risk for lenders and expanding borrowing options.
Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
Primary Residence: The home must be used as the borrower's primary residence.
Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
1. Elemental Economics - Introduction to mining.pdfNeal Brewster
After this first you should: Understand the nature of mining; have an awareness of the industry’s boundaries, corporate structure and size; appreciation the complex motivations and objectives of the industries’ various participants; know how mineral reserves are defined and estimated, and how they evolve over time.
7. Product Orientation Production Capabilities Manufacture Product Aggressive Sales Effort Customers Production Orientation is when a business focuses on the production process and seeks to make goods which are viewed as superior
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9. Market Orientation Customer Needs Potential Market Opportunities Marketing Products & Services Customers Market Orientation starts with the consumer and looks at consumer needs. It is customer orientated.
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17. Product Life Cycle Products have a natural ‘lifespan’. Some are very short others are around for decades. The file of a product can be prolonged by using extension strategies. However all products go through a number of distinct phases.
18. Stages in Cycle Development Stage – many products will never progress past this stage. Development of new products is essential but can be very costly. Before launching it may be test-marketed. Modifications can then be made based on feedback. Introduction Stage – heavy advertising at this stage to make consumers aware of the product. Sales are slow and costs are high. Growth Stage – consumers more aware of the product and sales start to grow rapidly. It is during this stage that the product begins to become profitable.
19. Stages in Cycle Maturity Stage – sales reach their peak. Advertising costs are lower and development costs should have been repaid. The product is at its most profitable. The business will work to keep the product in this stage for as long as possible. This can be done by using extension strategies . Decline Stage – Sales and profits start to fall. Mobile phone sales are beginning to decline if firms wish to stay in business they will have to create new phones or new demand for phones.
21. Extension Strategies Reducing Price Therefore Promoting More Frequent Use of Product – reduce cost of texting to mobile phones. Developing New Markets for Existing Product – Computer were originally manufactured for the business market, moved into home market. Finding New Uses for Existing Products – fire lighters now used for barbeques.
22. Extension Strategies Develop a Wider Range of Products – new versions of same product can produce new interest from consumers. Irn Bru – range of can and bottle sizes, fruit chews, ‘alco-pop’ market. Developing Styling Changes – introducing slightly different product – football strips.
24. Branding Branding is used to create USP’s (unique selling propositions) and ESP’s (emotional selling propositions) The business chooses a word or symbol, or both, then registers them so that they can only be used on its products. Baxter’s, Oxo, Cadbury’s and Heinz are all well-known brand names.
25. Benefits of Branding Instant recognition of the product by the customer. Brand loyalty – repeat purchases Higher prices can be charged Quality is associated with it Easier to launch new products Good after sales service May lead to purchases of other products with same brand name
26. Drawbacks of Branding Time is taken to establish a brand Promotion costs will be high Bad publicity for one product can affect the whole range of same-brand products Fake products may appear. These imitators are very difficult to stop. (Burberry, Rolex and Calvin Klein who can charge premium prices for their products suffer most at the ands of the forgers.)
27. Own Brands Most of the supermarket chains, and large retailers such as Boots, offer a wide range of products under their own brand names. These can be produced by the supermarket or by a manufacturer who is contracted to produce goods for the supermarket.
28. Advantages of Own Brands Own brands will attract more customers and more sales within the store. Producer will have guaranteed sales Products are cheaper Disadvantages of Own Brands Some customers believe ‘own brands’ are of lower value than established brand names (although this is not necessarily true).
29. Price Consumers will only pay what they can afford and what they think is a reasonable price for the product. Consumers use price as a measure of quality. When setting a price for a product you need to consider: Costs of production Profit mark-up Competitor prices
30. Long Term Pricing Strategies Low Price - Charge lower than competitors. Only appropriate where there is a little brand loyalty and competition in the market is high. Market Price - Setting price at a similar price to competitors. Homogeneous product means that price competition is not of benefit. They compete in other areas – service etc. High Price - High quality products, premium goods and services where image is important, such as perfumes.
31. Short Term Pricing Strategies Skimming Using a high price initially for a new product where there is little competition. Penetration Pricing Used to introduce a product to an established market. Allows the business to achieve sales and gain market share very quickly. Usually set a low price to attract customers. Once product is established price can increase.
32. Short Term Pricing Strategies Destroyer Pricing Setting a very low price to destroy the competition. Product probably being sold at a loss, however once competition is destroyed the price will return to market price. Promotional Pricing Used to boost sales and create interest in a product by lowering the price. Supermarkets use this for some of their sales lines, as loss leaders. Demand-orientated Pricing Price varies with the demand, ie crops, trains, phones etc.
33. Place Producers Wholesalers Retailers Consumers Direct Selling Producer to Wholesaler Two or more intermediaries Producer to Retailer
34. Choice of Distribution Channel The Product – perishable, unique The Market – size – Mars Bars Legal Requirements – alcohol, drugs Buying Habits – expectations of customers The Business – own distribution network
37. Manufacturers A B C D E Company warehouse Wholesalers Company outlets Retailers Retailers E-tailers C o n s u m e r s
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39. Types of Promotion Promotion Advertising Sales Promotion Direct Mail Personal Selling Public Relations Exhibitions and Trade Fairs Merchandising
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42. Types of Advertising Informative : Health Education Board for Scotland – smoking, drugs, alcohol etc Persuasive : used in very competitive markets, use powerful images and language – ‘Probably the world’s favourite lager.’ Corporate : promoting the whole company not a single product – BP adverts focus on their ‘green image’ not on the product (petrol) Generic : the whole industry come together to promote the whole industry – Scottish Beef, Scottish Tourism