This document summarizes and excerpts from a presentation by Chairman Omali Yeshitela on African Internationalism. Some key points:
1) The presentation will explain the differences between African Internationalism and Marxism, and why capitalism is parasitic and built on the exploitation of African and oppressed peoples.
2) Excerpts from the Chairman's previous work discuss how the Party advanced understanding of colonialism beyond seeing it as only about racism, and recognized it as a class relationship that utilizes racism.
3) This was a major theoretical contribution that helped place responsibility for oppression on the ruling class and revealed the reformist nature of anti-racism struggles.
The Dialectics of Black Revolution, by Chairman Omali YeshitelaRBG Communiversity
"The Dialectics of Black Revolution: The Struggle to Defeat the Counterinsurgency in the U.S." by Omali Yeshitela, Chairman of the African People s Socialist Party,
Aluta Continua From Jim Crow to Civil Rights to Black LiberationRBG Communiversity
This document summarizes the progression of the Black liberation movement in America from the 1950s through the 1970s. It discusses the civil rights movement's focus on desegregation and democratic rights, as well as the rise of more radical groups advocating for Black nationalism and power, such as the Nation of Islam, SNCC, the Black Panthers, and the Revolutionary Action Movement. These groups aimed for social and economic equality as well as community control over institutions. The document outlines the activities and repression of these revolutionary organizations and argues that the struggle for Black liberation continues today against systemic racism.
This document discusses several topics related to maintaining social hierarchies, including:
1) How stereotypes can become self-fulfilling prophecies that push people into stereotyped roles.
2) How women's worth and access to resources is often determined by their ability to attract men and get married.
3) How institutions in the US tend to be organized in ways that promote capitalist and corporate interests over democracy.
The Black Power Movement, A State of the Field. Joseph PE, 2009.RBG Communiversity
This document summarizes the evolution of scholarship on the black power movement. It discusses how early narratives portrayed black power negatively, undermining civil rights struggles. Recent studies have provided more nuanced perspectives, establishing black power studies as a field. The black power movement fundamentally transformed racial justice struggles through uncompromising pursuit of social, political, cultural, and economic change across various areas like education, politics, and women's issues. The meaning and impact of black power remains complex with both positive and negative dimensions.
The document discusses several concepts related to social construction of difference and inequality. It describes how masculinity has been constructed historically through figures like the Genteel Patriarch and Marketplace Man. It also summarizes Susan Stryker's perspective on how transgender issues relate to regulating gender and social control. Additionally, it outlines Douglas Greenbaum's view that recessions are caused by societal tolerance of economic exploitation, not family values. Finally, it notes how disability has historically justified discrimination against other groups like women and immigrants.
The document discusses several essays that address social issues related to oppression and social change. It summarizes the key points of each essay. Lorde's essay discusses systems of oppression that marginalize certain groups. Hooks challenges simplistic notions of oppression and calls for examining women's roles in systems of domination. Thompson discusses how rigid standards of masculinity impact behavior and violence. Ayvazian defines what it means to be an ally against oppression. Rothschild argues for demanding improved social policies that are attainable. The Black Lives Matter movement addresses ongoing racial inequities. Nakagawa discusses the importance of centering anti-black voices in racial justice work while still acknowledging other perspectives.
This document provides an introduction to a special issue on skin bleaching and global white supremacy. It summarizes that skin bleaching is a widespread global phenomenon, disproportionately practiced by communities of color to approximate the white ideal and gain social status. While skin bleaching has complex motivations, most scholars acknowledge that colonialism, enslavement, and contemporary white supremacy have promoted skin bleaching. The document outlines the history of global white supremacy, examining how Christianity and European nationalism constructed whiteness as symbolizing goodness, purity, and superiority over blackness. This dualistic worldview influenced perceptions of color and helped establish white nationalism, which identifies white racial characteristics as superior.
Immigration Nation? Raids, Detentions and Deportations in Post-9/11 AmericaTanya Golash Boza
This document discusses post-9/11 immigration policy in the United States from a human rights perspective. It notes that raids, detentions, and deportations have increased dramatically, with over 400,000 deportations in 2010 alone. Most deportees are from Latin America, despite many having families in the US. The document argues for immigration reform that aligns with international human rights standards and considers factors like family unity, due process, and the realities of globalization when crafting policy. A three-step approach is proposed: implement humane policies, pave the way for legalization, and align entry policies with global economic and social ties.
The Dialectics of Black Revolution, by Chairman Omali YeshitelaRBG Communiversity
"The Dialectics of Black Revolution: The Struggle to Defeat the Counterinsurgency in the U.S." by Omali Yeshitela, Chairman of the African People s Socialist Party,
Aluta Continua From Jim Crow to Civil Rights to Black LiberationRBG Communiversity
This document summarizes the progression of the Black liberation movement in America from the 1950s through the 1970s. It discusses the civil rights movement's focus on desegregation and democratic rights, as well as the rise of more radical groups advocating for Black nationalism and power, such as the Nation of Islam, SNCC, the Black Panthers, and the Revolutionary Action Movement. These groups aimed for social and economic equality as well as community control over institutions. The document outlines the activities and repression of these revolutionary organizations and argues that the struggle for Black liberation continues today against systemic racism.
This document discusses several topics related to maintaining social hierarchies, including:
1) How stereotypes can become self-fulfilling prophecies that push people into stereotyped roles.
2) How women's worth and access to resources is often determined by their ability to attract men and get married.
3) How institutions in the US tend to be organized in ways that promote capitalist and corporate interests over democracy.
The Black Power Movement, A State of the Field. Joseph PE, 2009.RBG Communiversity
This document summarizes the evolution of scholarship on the black power movement. It discusses how early narratives portrayed black power negatively, undermining civil rights struggles. Recent studies have provided more nuanced perspectives, establishing black power studies as a field. The black power movement fundamentally transformed racial justice struggles through uncompromising pursuit of social, political, cultural, and economic change across various areas like education, politics, and women's issues. The meaning and impact of black power remains complex with both positive and negative dimensions.
The document discusses several concepts related to social construction of difference and inequality. It describes how masculinity has been constructed historically through figures like the Genteel Patriarch and Marketplace Man. It also summarizes Susan Stryker's perspective on how transgender issues relate to regulating gender and social control. Additionally, it outlines Douglas Greenbaum's view that recessions are caused by societal tolerance of economic exploitation, not family values. Finally, it notes how disability has historically justified discrimination against other groups like women and immigrants.
The document discusses several essays that address social issues related to oppression and social change. It summarizes the key points of each essay. Lorde's essay discusses systems of oppression that marginalize certain groups. Hooks challenges simplistic notions of oppression and calls for examining women's roles in systems of domination. Thompson discusses how rigid standards of masculinity impact behavior and violence. Ayvazian defines what it means to be an ally against oppression. Rothschild argues for demanding improved social policies that are attainable. The Black Lives Matter movement addresses ongoing racial inequities. Nakagawa discusses the importance of centering anti-black voices in racial justice work while still acknowledging other perspectives.
This document provides an introduction to a special issue on skin bleaching and global white supremacy. It summarizes that skin bleaching is a widespread global phenomenon, disproportionately practiced by communities of color to approximate the white ideal and gain social status. While skin bleaching has complex motivations, most scholars acknowledge that colonialism, enslavement, and contemporary white supremacy have promoted skin bleaching. The document outlines the history of global white supremacy, examining how Christianity and European nationalism constructed whiteness as symbolizing goodness, purity, and superiority over blackness. This dualistic worldview influenced perceptions of color and helped establish white nationalism, which identifies white racial characteristics as superior.
Immigration Nation? Raids, Detentions and Deportations in Post-9/11 AmericaTanya Golash Boza
This document discusses post-9/11 immigration policy in the United States from a human rights perspective. It notes that raids, detentions, and deportations have increased dramatically, with over 400,000 deportations in 2010 alone. Most deportees are from Latin America, despite many having families in the US. The document argues for immigration reform that aligns with international human rights standards and considers factors like family unity, due process, and the realities of globalization when crafting policy. A three-step approach is proposed: implement humane policies, pave the way for legalization, and align entry policies with global economic and social ties.
This document discusses social justice and oppression of marginalized groups. It defines social justice and oppression, then outlines different types of oppression including primary, secondary, tertiary, and mixed oppression. It also discusses five faces of oppression: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence according to Iris Marion Young. The document further explains concepts like social constructionism, racial formation, white privilege, and redlining to analyze how social differences are constructed and used to oppress certain groups.
The document discusses how Darwin's theory of evolution and survival of the fittest was interpreted and applied by others in harmful ways. It describes how the Nazis used concepts of eugenics and social Darwinism to justify their racist ideology and policies, including mass murder, sterilization, and abortion targeting Jewish and disabled people. Over 100,000 disabled people were executed by the Nazis during their regime of horror in Germany.
Social Darwinism applied Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection to human society. According to Social Darwinism, only the "fittest" individuals could survive and flourish in the marketplace. Many business tycoons in the late 19th century used Social Darwinism to justify their wealth and power, arguing that it was acquired through hard work and that those who failed did so due to their own shortcomings. While Social Darwinism appealed to businessmen, others like Andrew Carnegie argued that the wealthy had a duty to use their fortunes to advance society through philanthropic works. Writers like Horatio Alger also promoted the idea that anyone could become wealthy through hard work and virtue.
This document discusses Third World feminism from three sociological perspectives. From the functionalist perspective, distinct gender roles create a stable society, so Third World women staying in the domestic sphere does not disrupt this. The conflict theory perspective views society as groups struggling over scarce resources; changing patriarchal systems requires dramatic resistance from Third World women against culturally ingrained norms. The symbolic interactionist perspective holds that meanings and social realities are constructed through interactions; Western feminism constructed a universal narrative of patriarchy that ignored Third World women's diverse experiences and contexts.
Socialist Feminism in Canada: A Brief HistoryLeft Streamed
This document discusses the history of the women's liberation movement in Canada and the United States from the 1960s-1970s. It notes statistics showing women made up a small percentage of the workforce and earned much less than men in 1961. It describes how in 1964, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson spoke out against the mistreatment of women in the civil rights movement. The RCMP opened a file on women's liberation groups in Canada in 1969, identifying singer Rita McNeil as composing songs for the movement.
This document summarizes a presentation about the article "White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood" by Hazel V. Carby. It discusses how feminist theory has largely been developed from the perspectives and experiences of white women, failing to consider the different backgrounds and forms of oppression faced by black women. Specifically, it notes how concepts around family, patriarchy, and reproduction analyzed in feminist theory do not align with the histories and realities of black women. The presentation calls for white feminists to fundamentally rework feminist frameworks to fully incorporate the perspectives of black women.
This document discusses the social construction of race and racism in the United States. It begins by arguing that while the Pledge of Allegiance promises "liberty and justice for all," in reality most liberty and justice is reserved for white people. It then defines race as a social construct used to categorize and group people based on physical characteristics like skin color. The document explores different forms of racism, from overt racism to more subtle institutional and covert racism, and how racism is rooted in prejudice and discrimination that privileges white people and limits opportunities for minorities. It examines how racism is perpetuated through cultural forces like media stereotypes and the internalization of negative racial messages.
Decolonising Brown History: The Power of Pluriversal PedagogiesEchoExpertisecentrum
Hoewel het postkolonialisme het einde van kolonialiteit suggereert, bewijst de hedendaagse sociale strijd rond etniciteit en cultuur het tegendeel. Racisme en zogenaamde ‘’colour prejudice’’ zijn een directe manifestatie van de koloniale orde die van oudsher het Westerse boven het niet-Westerse plaatst. Door het internaliseren van deze hiërarchische machtsdynamiek, strekt het kolonialisme ver voorbij de fysieke wereld en is de geest nog altijd gekoloniseerd, zelfs ondanks de vermeende onafhankelijkheid.
Het deconstrueren van de koloniale rationaliteit is dan ook noodzakelijk voor het verwezenlijken van ware onafhankelijkheid en bevrijding van de onderdrukkende Westerse kaders die op zijn beurt door de universaliteit van het Westen worden oplegt.
Onderwijs is essentieel voor dit proces van bevrijding, gezien het fundamentele belang van het afleren van kolonialiteit en het aanleren van dekolonialiteit om de geest volledig te dekoloniseren. Om dit bevrijdende potentieel te ontketenen, moet de pedagogische aard verschuiven van universeel naar pluriverseel, waarbij raciale en culturele verschillen worden erkend en omarmd. Een moreel rechtvaardig onderwijssysteem dat de nadruk legt op de deugden van respect en verantwoordelijkheid, is daarbij van essentieel belang om een gelijkwaardige samenleving te creëren, wat bevrijd is van koloniale connotaties.
Marxists believe that political power stems from economic power, so the bourgeoisie (owners of capital) have power over the proletariat (workers). Governments maintain this class division. Marxists argue the working class experiences "false consciousness" through ideological manipulation by schools, media, and religion promoting capitalist ideas. Gramsci developed the concept of cultural hegemony to describe how the ruling class maintains ideological dominance, making their beliefs seem universal.
Third-wave feminism began in the early 1990s in response to perceived failures and backlash against second-wave feminism from the 1960s-1980s. It focuses on issues like queer theory, abolishing gender stereotypes, and recognizing diversity among women in terms of race, ethnicity, sexuality and other factors. Prominent third-wave issues include addressing gender violence, reproductive rights including access to abortion, and redefining notions of sexuality and rape through movements like SlutWalks. Third-wave feminism also continues to advocate for workplace equality and support for mothers and families.
This document discusses various concepts related to post-feminism, third-wave feminism, and feminist thinkers. It explores ideas such as gender being more fluid and constructed than rigidly defined; empowerment and celebration of femininity; women wielding sexual power; and choosing liberation over victimhood. Several feminist authors are mentioned, including Camille Paglia, Susan Faludi, bell hooks, and Naomi Wolf, alongside their critiques of beauty standards, backlash against feminism, and marriage within patriarchal societies.
1. Social Darwinism applied Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection to human social and economic interactions. Herbert Spencer coined the term "survival of the fittest" to justify laissez-faire capitalism and imperialism.
2. Robber barons like Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan applied principles of efficiency, integration, and monopolization to build vast industrial empires in steel, oil, and railroads during the Gilded Age.
3. While some academics and thinkers embraced Social Darwinism, the industrialists themselves were more focused on business success than social theory, pursuing efficiency and profit above all else.
This document analyzes how racial identities have directly impacted socioeconomic success in the United States. It examines three examples: the Tape family achieving social "whiteness" and greater opportunities through appearing white; views of whites as greedy fueling stereotypes that reinforced their higher status; and police targeting of Chicanos based on race, which both caused harassment and led some Mexican-Americans to adopt a Chicano identity. Together these examples show how race and perceptions of race have dictated and maintained class differences in American society.
This document provides an overview of Marxism and key Marxist concepts. It begins by explaining Marx's view of class society as divided between the bourgeoisie (the ruling capitalist class) and the proletariat (the working class). It describes how the capitalist class owns the major means of production and exploits the labor of the working class to generate profits. It then discusses the concept of capital and capitalism, explaining how capitalism emerged through the "primitive accumulation of capital" via colonialism, slavery and violence. The document establishes Marx's view that the working class creates all wealth through their labor, while the capitalist class concentrates wealth in their hands through exploitation.
This document provides a summary and analysis of an academic journal article about the crises of democratization in Africa. Some key points:
1) The article argues that analyses of Africa's democratization crises have failed to properly focus on its economic dynamics and drivers.
2) It contends that while the West presents democracy as something that can be imported to Africa, their actions through capital regimes have historically undermined Africa's economic progress and strengthened their own democracies.
3) The "capitalist law of uneven development" aids advanced capital in places like Europe and North America while underdeveloping democracy in Africa. This is seen as the root cause of Africa's democratization crises.
This document discusses the progression of African American post-secondary education and the roles of the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement. It argues that while the Civil Rights Movement helped integrate schools in the 1960s, the Black Power Movement was more critical for integration of higher education through its use of immediacy, exclusiveness, and emphasis on self-determination. The Black Power Movement led to the establishment of independent Black studies programs and student unions. Today, issues of affordability and attainment still impact African American students, and the Black Lives Matter movement could impact higher education similarly to the Civil Rights/Black Power eras, depending on the response.
This document discusses the history and impacts of mass incarceration of African Americans in the United States. It describes how after the abolition of slavery, the convict leasing system allowed private companies to exploit imprisoned African Americans for cheap labor, subjecting them to inhumane conditions and abuse. This laid the foundation for the modern prison industrial complex that disproportionately imprisons African Americans through discriminatory enforcement of drug and other laws. The document examines how mass incarceration has become a lucrative business that continues to negatively impact families and communities of color.
This document provides an overview and contents of the book "New Blood: Third-Wave Feminism and the Politics of Menstruation" by Chris Bobel. It includes a foreword by Judith Lorber praising the book for its examination of third-wave menstrual activism as both an example of contemporary feminist theory and practice as well as an exotic submovement. The foreword notes some of the key tensions menstrual activism brings to debates around feminism, gender, and embodiment. It concludes by questioning the reach and significance of menstrual activism for modern feminism.
This document discusses several key theoretical approaches to understanding concepts of race and ethnicity, including primordialism, instrumentalism, plural society theories, and Marxist approaches. It also critiques sociobiological explanations of race and analyzes how racism has been used to divide and exploit the working class. Racism and racial divisions are seen as developing out of and being used strategically under capitalism to prevent worker solidarity and maximize profit through greater exploitation of labor. Race and class are viewed as inextricably linked in structuring social relations and experiences.
Dr. Amos Wilson | The Irony of Education, The Assimilationist Treadmill vs Th...RBG Communiversity
This document discusses Afrikan-centered consciousness versus assimilation. It is divided into 3 sections: 1) The Irony of Education, which discusses the deception and lies that occur in mainstream education. 2) The Assimilationist Treadmill, which argues assimilationist leadership has led to the decline of Afrikan people. 3) The True Nationalist, which outlines the characteristics of a true nationalist like being forward-looking, entrepreneurial, and focused on building institutions. The document advocates for Afrikan-centered education and nationalism rather than assimilation.
This document contains the first part of an article titled "Class Suicide: Reflections of a Lion" where the author discusses the process of committing "class suicide" by abandoning their previous criminal lifestyle and affiliations. They describe how they grew up without political awareness and joined a street gang as a teenager, becoming socialized into criminal behavior and drug addiction. Over time in the criminal justice system, their perspective began to change as they learned more about politics and struggled to transition away from criminality towards revolutionary nationalism. They discuss the difficulties of this process while imprisoned among other criminals.
This document discusses social justice and oppression of marginalized groups. It defines social justice and oppression, then outlines different types of oppression including primary, secondary, tertiary, and mixed oppression. It also discusses five faces of oppression: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence according to Iris Marion Young. The document further explains concepts like social constructionism, racial formation, white privilege, and redlining to analyze how social differences are constructed and used to oppress certain groups.
The document discusses how Darwin's theory of evolution and survival of the fittest was interpreted and applied by others in harmful ways. It describes how the Nazis used concepts of eugenics and social Darwinism to justify their racist ideology and policies, including mass murder, sterilization, and abortion targeting Jewish and disabled people. Over 100,000 disabled people were executed by the Nazis during their regime of horror in Germany.
Social Darwinism applied Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection to human society. According to Social Darwinism, only the "fittest" individuals could survive and flourish in the marketplace. Many business tycoons in the late 19th century used Social Darwinism to justify their wealth and power, arguing that it was acquired through hard work and that those who failed did so due to their own shortcomings. While Social Darwinism appealed to businessmen, others like Andrew Carnegie argued that the wealthy had a duty to use their fortunes to advance society through philanthropic works. Writers like Horatio Alger also promoted the idea that anyone could become wealthy through hard work and virtue.
This document discusses Third World feminism from three sociological perspectives. From the functionalist perspective, distinct gender roles create a stable society, so Third World women staying in the domestic sphere does not disrupt this. The conflict theory perspective views society as groups struggling over scarce resources; changing patriarchal systems requires dramatic resistance from Third World women against culturally ingrained norms. The symbolic interactionist perspective holds that meanings and social realities are constructed through interactions; Western feminism constructed a universal narrative of patriarchy that ignored Third World women's diverse experiences and contexts.
Socialist Feminism in Canada: A Brief HistoryLeft Streamed
This document discusses the history of the women's liberation movement in Canada and the United States from the 1960s-1970s. It notes statistics showing women made up a small percentage of the workforce and earned much less than men in 1961. It describes how in 1964, Ruby Doris Smith Robinson spoke out against the mistreatment of women in the civil rights movement. The RCMP opened a file on women's liberation groups in Canada in 1969, identifying singer Rita McNeil as composing songs for the movement.
This document summarizes a presentation about the article "White Women Listen! Black Feminism and the Boundaries of Sisterhood" by Hazel V. Carby. It discusses how feminist theory has largely been developed from the perspectives and experiences of white women, failing to consider the different backgrounds and forms of oppression faced by black women. Specifically, it notes how concepts around family, patriarchy, and reproduction analyzed in feminist theory do not align with the histories and realities of black women. The presentation calls for white feminists to fundamentally rework feminist frameworks to fully incorporate the perspectives of black women.
This document discusses the social construction of race and racism in the United States. It begins by arguing that while the Pledge of Allegiance promises "liberty and justice for all," in reality most liberty and justice is reserved for white people. It then defines race as a social construct used to categorize and group people based on physical characteristics like skin color. The document explores different forms of racism, from overt racism to more subtle institutional and covert racism, and how racism is rooted in prejudice and discrimination that privileges white people and limits opportunities for minorities. It examines how racism is perpetuated through cultural forces like media stereotypes and the internalization of negative racial messages.
Decolonising Brown History: The Power of Pluriversal PedagogiesEchoExpertisecentrum
Hoewel het postkolonialisme het einde van kolonialiteit suggereert, bewijst de hedendaagse sociale strijd rond etniciteit en cultuur het tegendeel. Racisme en zogenaamde ‘’colour prejudice’’ zijn een directe manifestatie van de koloniale orde die van oudsher het Westerse boven het niet-Westerse plaatst. Door het internaliseren van deze hiërarchische machtsdynamiek, strekt het kolonialisme ver voorbij de fysieke wereld en is de geest nog altijd gekoloniseerd, zelfs ondanks de vermeende onafhankelijkheid.
Het deconstrueren van de koloniale rationaliteit is dan ook noodzakelijk voor het verwezenlijken van ware onafhankelijkheid en bevrijding van de onderdrukkende Westerse kaders die op zijn beurt door de universaliteit van het Westen worden oplegt.
Onderwijs is essentieel voor dit proces van bevrijding, gezien het fundamentele belang van het afleren van kolonialiteit en het aanleren van dekolonialiteit om de geest volledig te dekoloniseren. Om dit bevrijdende potentieel te ontketenen, moet de pedagogische aard verschuiven van universeel naar pluriverseel, waarbij raciale en culturele verschillen worden erkend en omarmd. Een moreel rechtvaardig onderwijssysteem dat de nadruk legt op de deugden van respect en verantwoordelijkheid, is daarbij van essentieel belang om een gelijkwaardige samenleving te creëren, wat bevrijd is van koloniale connotaties.
Marxists believe that political power stems from economic power, so the bourgeoisie (owners of capital) have power over the proletariat (workers). Governments maintain this class division. Marxists argue the working class experiences "false consciousness" through ideological manipulation by schools, media, and religion promoting capitalist ideas. Gramsci developed the concept of cultural hegemony to describe how the ruling class maintains ideological dominance, making their beliefs seem universal.
Third-wave feminism began in the early 1990s in response to perceived failures and backlash against second-wave feminism from the 1960s-1980s. It focuses on issues like queer theory, abolishing gender stereotypes, and recognizing diversity among women in terms of race, ethnicity, sexuality and other factors. Prominent third-wave issues include addressing gender violence, reproductive rights including access to abortion, and redefining notions of sexuality and rape through movements like SlutWalks. Third-wave feminism also continues to advocate for workplace equality and support for mothers and families.
This document discusses various concepts related to post-feminism, third-wave feminism, and feminist thinkers. It explores ideas such as gender being more fluid and constructed than rigidly defined; empowerment and celebration of femininity; women wielding sexual power; and choosing liberation over victimhood. Several feminist authors are mentioned, including Camille Paglia, Susan Faludi, bell hooks, and Naomi Wolf, alongside their critiques of beauty standards, backlash against feminism, and marriage within patriarchal societies.
1. Social Darwinism applied Charles Darwin's theory of evolution and natural selection to human social and economic interactions. Herbert Spencer coined the term "survival of the fittest" to justify laissez-faire capitalism and imperialism.
2. Robber barons like Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Morgan applied principles of efficiency, integration, and monopolization to build vast industrial empires in steel, oil, and railroads during the Gilded Age.
3. While some academics and thinkers embraced Social Darwinism, the industrialists themselves were more focused on business success than social theory, pursuing efficiency and profit above all else.
This document analyzes how racial identities have directly impacted socioeconomic success in the United States. It examines three examples: the Tape family achieving social "whiteness" and greater opportunities through appearing white; views of whites as greedy fueling stereotypes that reinforced their higher status; and police targeting of Chicanos based on race, which both caused harassment and led some Mexican-Americans to adopt a Chicano identity. Together these examples show how race and perceptions of race have dictated and maintained class differences in American society.
This document provides an overview of Marxism and key Marxist concepts. It begins by explaining Marx's view of class society as divided between the bourgeoisie (the ruling capitalist class) and the proletariat (the working class). It describes how the capitalist class owns the major means of production and exploits the labor of the working class to generate profits. It then discusses the concept of capital and capitalism, explaining how capitalism emerged through the "primitive accumulation of capital" via colonialism, slavery and violence. The document establishes Marx's view that the working class creates all wealth through their labor, while the capitalist class concentrates wealth in their hands through exploitation.
This document provides a summary and analysis of an academic journal article about the crises of democratization in Africa. Some key points:
1) The article argues that analyses of Africa's democratization crises have failed to properly focus on its economic dynamics and drivers.
2) It contends that while the West presents democracy as something that can be imported to Africa, their actions through capital regimes have historically undermined Africa's economic progress and strengthened their own democracies.
3) The "capitalist law of uneven development" aids advanced capital in places like Europe and North America while underdeveloping democracy in Africa. This is seen as the root cause of Africa's democratization crises.
This document discusses the progression of African American post-secondary education and the roles of the Civil Rights Movement and Black Power Movement. It argues that while the Civil Rights Movement helped integrate schools in the 1960s, the Black Power Movement was more critical for integration of higher education through its use of immediacy, exclusiveness, and emphasis on self-determination. The Black Power Movement led to the establishment of independent Black studies programs and student unions. Today, issues of affordability and attainment still impact African American students, and the Black Lives Matter movement could impact higher education similarly to the Civil Rights/Black Power eras, depending on the response.
This document discusses the history and impacts of mass incarceration of African Americans in the United States. It describes how after the abolition of slavery, the convict leasing system allowed private companies to exploit imprisoned African Americans for cheap labor, subjecting them to inhumane conditions and abuse. This laid the foundation for the modern prison industrial complex that disproportionately imprisons African Americans through discriminatory enforcement of drug and other laws. The document examines how mass incarceration has become a lucrative business that continues to negatively impact families and communities of color.
This document provides an overview and contents of the book "New Blood: Third-Wave Feminism and the Politics of Menstruation" by Chris Bobel. It includes a foreword by Judith Lorber praising the book for its examination of third-wave menstrual activism as both an example of contemporary feminist theory and practice as well as an exotic submovement. The foreword notes some of the key tensions menstrual activism brings to debates around feminism, gender, and embodiment. It concludes by questioning the reach and significance of menstrual activism for modern feminism.
This document discusses several key theoretical approaches to understanding concepts of race and ethnicity, including primordialism, instrumentalism, plural society theories, and Marxist approaches. It also critiques sociobiological explanations of race and analyzes how racism has been used to divide and exploit the working class. Racism and racial divisions are seen as developing out of and being used strategically under capitalism to prevent worker solidarity and maximize profit through greater exploitation of labor. Race and class are viewed as inextricably linked in structuring social relations and experiences.
Dr. Amos Wilson | The Irony of Education, The Assimilationist Treadmill vs Th...RBG Communiversity
This document discusses Afrikan-centered consciousness versus assimilation. It is divided into 3 sections: 1) The Irony of Education, which discusses the deception and lies that occur in mainstream education. 2) The Assimilationist Treadmill, which argues assimilationist leadership has led to the decline of Afrikan people. 3) The True Nationalist, which outlines the characteristics of a true nationalist like being forward-looking, entrepreneurial, and focused on building institutions. The document advocates for Afrikan-centered education and nationalism rather than assimilation.
This document contains the first part of an article titled "Class Suicide: Reflections of a Lion" where the author discusses the process of committing "class suicide" by abandoning their previous criminal lifestyle and affiliations. They describe how they grew up without political awareness and joined a street gang as a teenager, becoming socialized into criminal behavior and drug addiction. Over time in the criminal justice system, their perspective began to change as they learned more about politics and struggled to transition away from criminality towards revolutionary nationalism. They discuss the difficulties of this process while imprisoned among other criminals.
This document provides an introduction to a microfilm collection titled "The Black Power Movement." It summarizes Amiri Baraka's journey from a leader in the Black Arts Movement of the 1960s to a pivotal figure within the Black Power movement and beyond. It details his founding of organizations like the Black Arts Repertory Theatre/School in Harlem and the Spirit House in Newark, as well as his leadership in groups promoting black nationalism, pan-Africanism, and socialism through the 1960s-1980s. The introduction provides biographical context on Baraka and outlines his significant influence and role in shaping African American art, literature, music, and political thought during this era of the Black Power and Black Arts movements.
Carlos A. Cooks was a prominent Black nationalist leader in the 1960s who worked to continue the legacy of Marcus Garvey. He founded the African Nationalist Pioneer Movement (ANPM) to advocate for Black self-determination, racial pride, and Pan-Africanism. Some of his accomplishments included coining the phrase "Buy Black," establishing August 17th as a Black holiday in honor of Garvey's birthday, and calling for the rejection of the term "Negro" in favor of "Black" or "African" at the 1959 ANPM convention. Cooks promoted cultural nationalism, racial pride, and support for African liberation movements until his death in 1966.
Thelonious Sphere Monk , A Biography and Documentary FilmRBG Communiversity
The documentary film Thelonious Monk: Straight, No Chaser (1988) profiles the life and career of jazz pianist Thelonious Monk. It features live performances and interviews about Monk. Monk was an innovative composer and pianist who helped develop bebop in the 1940s. Though influential, he struggled with criticism and financial difficulties for years. By the 1960s his music had gained widespread acclaim, but his health declined and he stopped performing in the mid-1970s before passing away in 1982. Monk made contributions as a composer, bandleader, and solo pianist and is now recognized as a master of American music.
This document contains an excerpt of Malcolm X's speech given in Detroit on February 14, 1965, the night his home was firebombed. In the speech, Malcolm X discusses the bombing of his home and his attire. He then talks about the African revolution and its impact on colonial powers in Europe. Malcolm X also discusses organizing African Americans living abroad to support the civil rights struggle in the United States.
“WRITTEN POETRY” By The Honorable Marcus Mosiah Garvey... and MoreRBG Communiversity
Marcus Garvey was a Jamaican political activist who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. He promoted unity among African peoples and advocated for racial pride and separation between black and white peoples. He is best known for his philosophy of Pan-Africanism and Black nationalism which inspired many independence movements during the mid-20th century. Some of his writings included in this document promote themes of empowerment, faith in oneself, racial pride, and the importance of motherhood. A brief biography provides details on Garvey's life experiences, organizing efforts, and the rise and decline of the UNIA during the 1920s before his imprisonment and deportation from the United States.
Cosmological, Ontological, Epistemological Assumptions and Methodological Per...RBG Communiversity
This document discusses the author's cosmological, ontological, and epistemological perspectives and how they are interconnected. The author embraces African cosmology as it reclaims their denied identity and allows them to thrive in a postcolonial landscape. African cosmology is described as holistic and understanding the world as interconnected. It posits that spirituality, the intellectual, emotional and physical are not separate. Some key aspects of African cosmology highlighted include a both/and approach to life, striving for balance, and viewing time as relational rather than linear. The author argues for the importance of reclaiming Africa's contributions to knowledge that have often been denied or belittled.
The document describes the many functions and capabilities of a smartphone. It can be used to manage various types of information, communicate through new channels, and access features like e-books, phonebook, calendar, camera, music, notes, GPS, games, and more. Smartphones allow users to stay connected while providing a lightweight device.
Este documento discute la convergencia de los medios y el surgimiento de una nueva cultura participativa. Explica que la convergencia mediática representa un cambio cultural que anima a los consumidores a buscar información y establecer conexiones entre contenidos dispersos usando nuevos dispositivos multifunción. Concluye que la alfabetización mediática de los ciudadanos es clave para aprovechar positivamente estos cambios.
Este documento é uma compilação de comunicados, cartas, artigos de imprensa e textos publicados entre 2014-2015 sobre a alegada perversão do sistema de avaliação científica em Portugal. Critica as mudanças nas políticas de ciência e tecnologia desde 2011 que aumentaram a selectividade e financiamento baseado em "avaliações" não reconhecidas. O processo de avaliação de unidades de investigação em 2014 é apontado como falta de transparência e desrespeito pelas boas práticas.
O documento fornece dicas para comprar uma franquia de sucesso, como: avaliar a concorrência na região; entender o suporte oferecido pela franquia; conversar com outros franqueados sobre suas experiências; e não assumir que o sucesso está garantido sem um estudo de mercado.
El documento describe el lenguaje de programación Java, incluyendo su historia, características y aplicaciones. Java fue desarrollado originalmente por Sun Microsystems a principios de los años 90 y toma su sintaxis de C y C++. El documento también discute el entorno de desarrollo integrado NetBeans y diferentes tipos de aplicaciones que pueden crearse con Java como applets, servlets y aplicaciones con interfaz gráfica de usuario.
This document describes the contents and layout of a digipak music album packaging. It lists the front cover, disc tray containing the disc, and back and side of the digipak packaging, as well as an included booklet.
The children are having a sleep-over at the zoo for their third year class. They will get to explore the zoo after hours and camp out to experience being overnight guests among the animals. This promises to be an exciting and memorable event for the students involving a unique opportunity to interact with the zoo in a new way.
Dr. Clarke In His Own Words_ African Education At the Crossroads. RBG Communiversity
This document provides an autobiographical account from Dr. John Henrik Clarke reflecting on his life and work as an historian, author, and activist. Some key points:
- Clarke was born in 1915 in Alabama and grew up in a sharecropping family, working various jobs from a young age to support himself and his education.
- He had a passion for history from a young age and left the South to pursue further education and a career focused on researching and teaching African history.
- Throughout his life, Clarke authored hundreds of works on African history and the African diaspora. He also founded or helped establish numerous organizations focused on African and African American studies.
- Clarke dedicated his career to
Political Report to the 7th Congress of the African People's Socialist Party USARBG Communiversity
The document is the political report from the chairman of the African People's Socialist Party to the party's Seventh Congress. It discusses the party's role as the vanguard and advanced detachment of the African revolution. It provides the party's history and achievements over its 45+ year existence. It emphasizes the party's goal of seizing state power in Africa to liberate the continent from imperialism and establish socialism under the leadership of the African working class.
Dr. Amos N. Wilson_The Battle Must Be Joined | A Revolutionary PoemRBG Communiversity
This document calls for joining the battle against racism through direct action and confrontation. It states that true change requires risking defeat, fighting "hand to hand" through institutions and traditions, and creating a new world order through rebuilding and restoring what has been destroyed. The battle must be fought through the mind, spirit, will, money, technology, and physical confrontation if needed. Ultimately, change depends on ordinary people taking up the challenge and making this new world their own.
The Revolutionary Psychology of Dr. Amos N. Wilson_text only versionRBG Communiversity
1) The passage discusses the revolutionary psychology of Dr. Amos N. Wilson and emphasizes the need to join the battle for liberation through concrete action and building new institutions.
2) It criticizes assimilationist leadership that seeks integration into white systems of power and calls for a true nationalist movement that works to replace oppressive systems with Afrocentric alternatives through entrepreneurship and future-oriented work.
3) A true nationalist educates both children and adults, builds international networks, and delegates power rather than being obsessed with the past or destroyed civilizations. Nationalism requires concrete progress.
Imperialism 101_ Chapter 1 of Against Empire by Michael ParentiRBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and analysis of imperialism. It discusses how imperialism has shaped world history over the past few centuries through the colonization and oppression of indigenous peoples. While imperialism has had massive impacts, it is often ignored or sanitized in mainstream discourse. The document examines the economic drivers of capitalist imperialism, how it has exploited the land, labor and resources of the global south for profit. It also debunks common myths used to justify imperialism, such as the notion that colonized regions were inherently poor or culturally backward.
This document outlines standards and guidelines for members of the African People's Socialist Party. It discusses that Party members must be committed to serving the people and struggling for African liberation, unity, and socialism. The Party aims to educate the masses and lead them in struggles to solve their problems and undermine the imperialist system. The document explains the Party's revolutionary strategy and role in developing the political consciousness of the people through organizing struggles. It emphasizes the importance of discipline and subordinating individual interests to serve the Party and liberation movement.
This document contains multiple quotes from Malcolm X on a variety of topics:
1) Malcolm X criticizes those in the black community who are too comfortable with their current situation and unwilling to push for further progress and change.
2) He expresses that while he is against racism and discrimination, he does not view himself as an American due to the oppression black people face in the U.S.
3) Malcolm X emphasizes the importance of black unity before trying to unite with other groups, and calls for greater understanding between black people to overcome divisions.
This document summarizes key points from Dr. Amos Wilson's book "Blueprint for Black Power" regarding economics and Afrikan nationalism. It discusses Wilson's argument that an African American/Caribbean/Pan-African bloc could generate significant black power to counter white and Asian power networks. It also analyzes potentially powerful black institutions and advocates for greater use of financial tools and institutions to promote economic empowerment. Wilson asserts that true black power requires ownership and control over critical resources like property, wealth, and organization, rather than just political offices. The responsibility of the African American community is to ensure Africa's economic development and invest in rebuilding Africa.
The 14-Point Platform of the African People's Socialist Party outlines their core beliefs and goals. The key points are:
1) They believe African people in the US experience colonial domination and oppression, and seek peace, dignity, and self-determination.
2) They believe the capitalist system exploits African labor and want rights to economic development and jobs that benefit their people.
3) They do not believe African people have meaningful political representation, so do not want to pay taxes to the US government.
4) They want freedom of speech and association to organize for liberation without fear of imprisonment or harm.
5) They view all African people as part of a single entity, and want the
From: Chairman Omali Yeshitela , Ch. 3. The Theory of African Internationalism. In: An Uneasy Equilibrium - Commemorative Edition: The African Revolution Versus Parasitic Capitalism, Burning Spear Uhuru Publications, 2014.
Chinweizu_ Marcus Garvey and Black Power (Parts 1 through 6)RBG Communiversity
Garvey argued that the Black race will be exterminated if it does not build a Black superpower in Africa by the end of the century. He summarizes Marcus Garvey's legacy, including his institution building, profound ideas, and projects for successors. Key aspects of Garvey's legacy were his establishment of political, business, social, and paramilitary institutions through the UNIA; ideas like race first, racial autonomy, self-reliance, nation building, and industrialization; and his dramatization of Black power that inspired future leaders despite attempts to discredit him.
Decolonizing the African Mind: Further Analysis and Strategy_Dr. Uhuru HotepRBG Communiversity
This document provides an overview and framework for discussing the psychology of African liberation. It discusses how Europeans perfected methods of psychological manipulation and control over Africans through processes of colonization, deculturalization, and mis-education. These processes aim to strip Africans of their culture and replace it with European culture in order to manipulate and control them. The document outlines the history of European colonialism in Africa and how it led to the colonization of African lands, knowledge, and minds. It discusses how deculturalization and mis-education have affected African Americans and aims to brainwash them. The document concludes by discussing the need to decolonize the African mind through reversing these processes and embracing African concepts and orientations.
2017 African People's Socialist Party Plenary Putting Revolution Back On the ...RBG Communiversity
The document discusses an African People's Socialist Party plenary meeting to assess progress on implementing the goals established at the party's sixth congress five years prior. It describes the imperialist crisis exacerbating political instability in the US and challenges facing the African liberation movement. The party sees itself as providing revolutionary leadership for the African working class to achieve socialist liberation and unification against neocolonial forces promoting dependency.
This document summarizes the evolution of scholarship on the Black Power movement. It notes that early narratives portrayed Black Power negatively and dismissed its impact. However, over the past 15 years, new scholarship has provided nuanced analyses that demystify the movement and document its profound implications. The essay examines how the study of Black Power has grown from being part of civil rights historiography to becoming its own distinct field. It traces the roots of the Black Power movement in earlier 20th century radicalism and outlines some of the movement's key activities and impacts during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
African People’s Socialist Party 14-Point Platform Study-GuideRBG Communiversity
The document provides an overview of the 14-Point Platform of the African People's Socialist Party, which was adopted in 1981. It states that studying the 14 points equips members to understand the Party's theory of African Internationalism and take action to liberate Africa and African people everywhere. The 14 points are considered the basic political education course for understanding the Party's ideology and practice. The document urges members to memorize and internalize the 14 points and use them daily in organizing Africans to liberate Africa and their people.
This document contains Malcolm X's speech given at the London School of Economics in 1965. In it, he makes 3 key points:
1) American society is racist and uses the media to portray Black communities as criminal to justify police brutality and oppression.
2) Western powers manipulate the media to control the narrative around conflicts in Africa, portraying violence against Black communities as justified while ignoring mass murder.
3) Centuries of colonial rule created a negative image of Africa that caused Black people in the West to internalize racism and hate their African identity and features.
ATTICA PRISON UPRISING 101-A SHORT PRIMER By Mariame Kaba, Project NIARBG Communiversity
This document provides background information on the 1971 Attica Prison uprising in three pages. It summarizes that tensions were rising at Attica due to overcrowding, poor conditions, and racial segregation. On September 8th, 1971, two prisoners were sent to solitary confinement ("the box") after an altercation, sparking outrage among the inmate population. The next day, prisoners took control of the facility, taking guards as hostages. After four days of negotiations, state police stormed the prison, killing 39 people in the process and ending the uprising. The document aims to provide context on the conditions and circumstances that led up to the rebellion.
The Political Report to the Sixth Congress of the African People’s Socialist ...RBG Communiversity
The document provides an overview of the African People's Socialist Party and the political context surrounding its Sixth Congress. It notes that the Party was founded in 1972 in the aftermath of the defeat of the Black Revolution of the 1960s. It argues that the Party's leadership is now needed more than ever as imperialism enters a crisis period. The Party recognizes the defeat of previous revolutionary struggles and aims to complete what was started rather than accept limitations. It asserts that the Party's role is to continue providing revolutionary leadership to the African masses and lead the Final Offensive Against Imperialism.
National Humanities Center Resource Toolbox
The Making of African American Identity: Vol. III, 1917-1968
Stokely Carmichael.Toward Black Liberation The Massachusetts Review Autumn 1966 Excerpt*
Believing that white domination is too powerful to defeat has led to living in fear, frustration, bitterness and disappointment, which are covered up with self-destructive behaviors like alcohol, drugs and sexual perversions. Overcoming this belief that we cannot liberate ourselves and make the world better is needed to avoid these negative thoughts and behaviors.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
What is African Internationalism , Political Education Led by Chairman Omali Yeshitela
1. You're invited to
What is African Internationalism?
Political Education led by Chairman Omali Yeshitela
Live on UhuruNews.com
Sunday, Sep. 9 • 10am-2pm U.S. Eastern Time
Related study materials:
Excerpts from the Chairman's Political Report to the
African People's Socialist Party 2012 Plenary
(Download the PDF) (ATTACHED)
Basic Principles of African Internationalism
(View this PowerPoint presentation online)
2. Comments and questions:
Chat on the live video page
or email dj@uhururadio.com
This is your opportunity to participate with Chairman Yeshitela live as he explains
why African workers need our own political theory.
He will expose the difference between African Internationalism and Marxism and
show us why it is critical that we understand that capitalism is parasitic, built at the
expense of African and oppressed peoples.
We will learn the difference between colonialism and racism and understand how it
is that white people sit on the pedestal of African enslavement.
The Chairman will respond to questions and comments from listeners.
OPEN THE TV CHANNEL PROGRAM
3. Political Report to the Party Plenary, Feb. 2012
Excepts for Political Education, Sept. 9, 2012
By Chairman Omali Yeshitela
…We are the Party that brought science to our defeated African
liberation movement at a time when it was generally bogged down in
racial and cultural nationalism that revolved around candle-lit
ceremonies, religious obscurantism and nostalgia for an African past
that was often imaginary.
We discovered the material basis for the exploitation and
oppression of Africans and others in this world. We determined long
ago that defining our movement as a struggle against racism was a
self-defeating waste of time and that what is called racism is but the
ideological foundation of capitalist imperialism.
Race is a colonial invention that originated from the enslavement
and colonization of Africans and Africa that gave birth to capitalism
and, simultaneously, to the European nation. And, rather than defining
the system of our oppression, racism is a concept that denies Africans
our national identity and dignity and relegates to us the Sisyphean
task of winning acceptance from, and often of becoming one with, our
oppressors.
The Political Report to the Third Congress of our Party quoted a
passage from a presentation I made in 1978 in San Francisco that
elaborated on our views on racism and explained the ideological
departure that helped to distinguish our Party in the struggle for
revolutionary science.
Here is an extract from that presentation. It is a presentation
that acknowledged unity in defining our struggle as being against
colonialism by a variety of African leaders and intellectuals that
1
4. included Malcolm X and Stokely Carmichael (later known as Kwame
Toure), but clearly shows how our Party developed and advanced the
discussion beyond previous understandings:
“…[W]hat our Party did discover that made for a qualitative leap
in understanding how to move toward liberation is that in the U.S.,
colonialism represents the relationship of class to race. Prior to this
discovery our Party was one with most of the pro-independence
movement in describing ours as a struggle against racism at the same
time we were also calling it a struggle against colonialism.
“That is to say, our movement, still under the ideological
influence of the primitive-petty bourgeois Civil Rightists whose colonial
mentality often equated freedom with their proximity to white people,
incorrectly used the terms racism and colonialism to define the same
set of circumstances and oppressive structures responsible for our
condition.
“However, at the moment we were able to understand that what
we had been describing as institutional racism was the same thing we
meant by the term ‘colonialism,’ and that these same set of
circumstances and oppressive structures imposed on our people were
also defined as colonialism historically throughout the world, our
ideological and political development increased a thousandfold. This
understanding of colonialism helped to place the responsibility for our
oppression squarely on the shoulders of the North American ruling
class.
“Our Party was able to discover that our main or primary
struggle is against colonialism, which is an imperialist form, therefore
necessarily having class connotations, and which utilizes the ideology
of racism to justify and obscure the fundamental relationship that
2
5. African people within the U.S. have with the capitalist-colonialist ruling
class state.”
This was a major theoretical advance made by our Party. It was
one whose further elaboration in the same document clearly helped to
move our struggle forward in a manner that undermined imperialism
and initiated practice that would contribute to the crisis of imperialism
being experienced today.
“We discovered that colonialism is the condition we suffer from
as a people and that racism is the ideology that justifies or obscures
that relationship,” I stated. “Colonialism is real and concrete. It is a
human-made condition that can be struggled against.
“On the other hand, we discovered that racism is the ideas in the
heads of North Americans: racism is the attitudes displayed by North
Americans which makes you [whites] dupes, allies, and collaborators
with your ruling class in its attacks on us which reinforce and maintain
our colonial relationship to the U.S. North American State…
“Our understanding of colonialism as the relationship of class to
race within the U.S. has also revealed for us the inherent reformist
character of a struggle by black people against racism. For ultimately
the struggle against racism, when it is given material form, boils down
to a struggle for ‘equality’ with the exploited North American working
class, that is to say equality within capitalism.” (Izwe Lethu I Afrika,
pg 75, 76)
I cannot overstate the significance of this contribution to the
body of African liberation theory. While all of this is now obvious to
members of our Party and followers of our movement, during the
period of our founding and for many years later, it was not so clear
and many were trapped in an ideological quagmire.
3
6. Among the practical benefits of this theoretical development was
the response by our Party to the issue of the role of white people in
history and in the overall struggle against capitalist-imperialism. I will
not attempt to explore the various positions that attempted to address
this issue.
Suffice it to say that they ranged from the religious assumption
that white people are the devil to the politically useless pseudo
scientific declaration of whites as genetic mutations. According to both
these views the behavior of whites was a natural result of these
presumed realities. At best these were attempts to explain the world
with the great defect of being unable to change the world. At worse
they were adoption of the bourgeois concept of race as a permanent
dividing line separating humanity into different camps that are
ultimately defined by biology, leaving questions of class exploitation
and national oppression unaddressed.
In each case they were imperialist-serving positions that left the
dominant social system and relations of power untouched…
…Long ago we discovered the existential crisis of the West… It is
a crisis born of the very foundation of the imperialist West. Put another
way, it is the pedestal upon which the fortunes of the West has rested
since its cankerous emergence on the body of humanity.
This foundation was characterized as “primitive accumulation”
by Karl Marx who declared its function as playing “in political economy
about the same part as original sin in theology…” He went on to say,
“The discovery of gold and silver in America, the extirpation,
enslavement and entombment in mines of the aboriginal population,
the turning of Africa into a warren for the commercial hunting of black
skins, signalized the rosy dawn of the era of capitalist production…”
4
7. And again, “Whilst the cotton industry introduced child slavery in
England, it gave in the United States a stimulus to transformation of
the earlier, more or less patriarchal slavery, into a system of
commercial exploitation. In fact, the veiled slavery of the wage
workers in Europe needed, for its pedestal, slavery pure and simple in
the new world.”
Herein lies the basis of the existential crisis. The motion of the
oppressed peoples of the world is fast snatching the pedestal out from
underneath the “Western” or white parasite that has feasted off the
life and blood of much of the world for the last few centuries.
Europe has existed as a parasite upon the rest of humanity and
what Buchanan and Brzezinski do not want to understand and what
Marx did not anticipate is we are now facing a world system in
existential crisis because the parasite is losing its host due to the
growing resistance of the world’s peoples and the unexpected
economic competition from some of those who previously functioned
as hosts to this parasite.
Even Marx was unable to fully understand the importance of this
question. After having declared this “primitive accumulation” the
equivalence of “original sin” and given the fact that he was characterizing
earth shaking events that resulted in the theft of whole continents -- Africa, North
and South America and Australia -- and the extinction and near decimation of
whole peoples, the brutal rape of much of Asia and the Middle East, numerous
internecine wars between European states and the growth in wealth that
overturned European feudalism and ushered forth the European nation, a real
understanding of this would have required Marx to center most of his work on an
examination stemming from this reality.
But, objectively Marx was himself a beneficiary of “primitive accumulation.”
Like others his consciousness was shaped by this material relationship. The
libraries and universities he used for his research were filled with books and
5
8. philosophy that were informed by this parasitic relationship. Historical necessity
did not require Marx to understand and center his work on this reality.
However, we are required by history to understand this parasitic historical
process that has from the beginning linked Europe, capitalism and the rest of us
in the embrace of death from which we are now disengaging and about which
Buchanan and Brzezinski are crying copious intellectual tears. This is the task
that our Party willingly undertook and, to the dismay of the Buchanans and
Brzezinskis and all the defenders of the imperialist status quo, our success in this
area constitutes a fundamental component of the existential crisis of imperialism.
Up to now, since the successful rise of imperialism, Europe and whites
have been the subjects and Africans and others have been objects of what can
only be described as imperialist history for the last 500 years. We have been
voiceless and reduced to invisibility in stature and significance. We have already
mentioned how Karl Marx characterized the slavery, rape, pillage and genocide
associated with our current status and the emergence of white power, as
“primitive accumulation.” In another instance, he referred to slavery as “an
economic category of the greatest importance.”
In my Political Report to the 5th Congress I commented on what that
meant: “…Here the relationship between peoples and countries is also obscured
and mystified. Marx attributes European “development’ solely to the ‘genius’ and
productive forces inside of Europe. He is thereby covering over or liquidating the
origin of such ‘development’ in the parasitic impairment of the capacity of
independent development in Africa and other places victimized by Europe.”
In another place in the Political Report I ask the rhetorical question:
“…Would capitalism and the resultant European wealth and African
impoverishment have occurred without the European attack on Africa, its
division, African slavery and dispersal, colonialism and neocolonialism?”
The answer is obvious to anyone with even a smattering of historical
knowledge. But Marx didn’t get it, most of our movement still doesn’t get it,
revolutionaries around the world have missed this critical understanding of the
foundation of imperialist existence.
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9. In fact the most erudite practitioners of the superstition called capitalist
economics don’t get it. This is one of the reasons nothing they say about the
extant economic crisis of the imperialist world makes any sense.
Our summation of this imperialist dilemma is reflected in this quote from
my Political Report to our 5th Congress:
“The North Americans, like most Europeans, assume they have some idea
of the basis of the contradictions because of the fantasies passed on to them
historically about the source of their comparative wealth and ‘good fortune…’
“Nevertheless, those are resources stolen from others that have become
increasingly difficult for them to afford in their malls and supermarkets. It is
somebody else’s oil, wrenched from the earth with bloody consequences, for
which they now have to pay more.
“The bauxite, coltan, gold and diamonds along with the cocoa beans,
cotton and cheaply produced clothing have cost the rest of us dearly and our
combined struggles to seize control of our lives and resources are affecting the
ability of North Americans and other Europeans to enjoy a parasitic economy that
requires global misery for an oasis of white happiness.”
The inconsistent materialism of Buchanan and Brzezinski allows them to
recognize some relationship between the decline of imperialism and the rise of
formerly subject peoples, but, like the imperialist economists, they are blinded by
philosophical idealism, the assumptions of white superiority that will not allow
them to see the dialectic between Western or “white” success and African
impoverishment. They cannot accept that the changing relations of power are
exposing the real dependency, which is that of the colonizer upon the colonized
and of whites on Africans.
In reality the essential feature of capitalism is parasitism. This is as true of
the capitalism of Adam Smith as that of Karl Marx. Wage labor, commodity
production, private ownership and control of the means of production, are
features of capitalism that function on the foundation of parasitism, “primitive
accumulation,” that Marx correctly identified as the equivalence of “original sin.”
This is the starting point.
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10. This is not to say that everything that Marx said was wrong, but it is to say
that everything he said must be reevaluated based on a materialist appreciation
of the centrality of capitalist parasitism, of what he called primitive accumulation.
Otherwise we will continue to be duped by those who oppose capitalism in words
but cannot oppose parasitic capitalism.
Parasitic capitalism is the real issue. It is this reality that ultimately
distinguishes African Internationalist socialism from the struggle for “white rights”
that usually characterizes most struggles of Europeans worldwide. It is the
difference in real socialism, resulting from overturning the pedestal upon which
all capitalist activity occurs, and some variation of the National Socialism
achieved by the Nazis of German infamy.
Today the crisis of imperialism has thrust a number of Europeans into
motion – from Tea Partiers to Wall St. Occupiers in the U.S. They have been
mobilized by the inability of capitalism to live up to its expectations for
Europeans. This is also true in Europe, where thousands of militants are in the
streets of Greece. They are demanding that they be restored to their rightful
places atop the pedestal of capitalist prosperity.
The only problem is that this can only happen at the expense of the well
being of the historical victims of capitalist prosperity, the subject and colonial
peoples of the world who are currently fomenting crisis with our struggle for the
recapture of our resources, our sovereignty, dignity and our history.
It is an error to assume that this “primitive accumulation” is simply
something that happened a long time ago with no implications for today. The
truth is that current capitalist-imperialist structures, the ones being challenged in
a thousand different ways today, are structures with their origin in the very
genesis of capitalism as it emerged from the primordial sludge of backward and
disease-ridden Europe.
We understand the material forces at work in the movement of history. We
can clearly see the shift in the balance of power between the oppressed and the
oppressor, between Europe and the rest of us, between the “white man” and the
“black man,” if you will.
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11. The struggle has always been one for power. Not against racism. And to
the extent we win power the “racism” of others is irrelevant. Power is the great
equalizer, the fundamental “aphrodisiac” that is capable of turning a racist of
yesterday into a fawning sycophant of tomorrow.
“The struggle against “racism” is the struggle of the petty bourgeoisie
fighting to integrate into the white capitalist world, to board the Costa Concordia
of white power. It is a diversionary struggle reliant on failed philosophical
assumptions that must be cast aside as a precondition for moving forward.
This is not an innocent issue of semantics. The way this is understood will
inform our practice. The struggle against “racism” presupposes one approach
and the struggle against imperialist colonialism, another.
Hosea Jaffe, quoted in my Political Report to the Party’s 5th Congress,
expounded on the historical emergence of “race” as an issue in his book, A
History of Africa. Offering a materialist analysis, Jaffe had this to say:
“…Before the slave trade in Africa there was neither a Europe nor a
European. Finally, with the European arose the myth of European superiority and
separate existence as a special species or ‘race’; there arose indeed the myth of
race in general, unknown to mankind before – even the word did not exist before
the lingua franca of the Crusades – the particular myth that there was a creature
called a European, which implied, from the beginning, a ‘white man.’
“Colonialism, especially in Africa, created the concept and ideology of
race. Before capitalist-colonialism there were no races; but now, suddenly and
increasingly, there were races; once born, the myth grew into reality’ “
We are not a race, but a nation of people, scattered across the globe and
defined out of history by our imperialist oppressors, partially through the concept
of “race.” Our national homeland has been occupied in various ways for
millennia. Our people have been captured and forcibly dispersed around the
world and our labor forcibly extracted to build the European nation and world
capitalist system that define our reality and the contours of the struggle we have
been engaged in for the last 500 years or so.
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12. The struggle against AFRICOM cannot be characterized as a struggle
against “racism” any more than the liberation of our people in Haiti and the
necessary unification to fight further rape of Africa of its resources.
In fact, the material conditions Africans suffer worldwide have their origin
in the attack on Africa that led to the capture of our national homeland and our
people. Our poverty and susceptibility to ignorance, violence and material want
throughout the world, including the U.S., UK and the rest of Europe are all
extensions of the subsequent material conditions of existence extant in Africa!
Are the Iraqis and Afghans fighting against racism? What about all the
people of South America and the Caribbean? Certainly, the bourgeois ideology of
“racism” serves to unite the vast majority of whites and even some of us in
support of imperialist agendas, but increasingly this ideology is running up
against the material reality of a global power shift, where the oppressed are
clearly the locomotive of history. Increasingly more and more whites are
themselves running from their “racial” designation.
Patrick Buchanan, whose worldview is informed by assumptions of white
superiority that we recognize as racism, is himself alarmed by the growing
evidence that the shifting power relations is chasing whites away from their
solidarity with their “racial” identity.
Apparently this phenomenon has achieved such significance that
Buchanan has conceptualized it as “ethno masochism.” In Suicide of a
Superpower, Buchanan laments, “…Questions about the future arise. If the end
of white America is a cultural and demographic inevitability, ‘What will the new
mainstream of America look like – and what ideas or values might it rally around?
What will it mean to be white after ‘whiteness’ no longer defines the mainstream?
Will anyone mourn the end of white America? Will anyone try to preserve it?’
“One reaction professor Hsu reports is that, among cultural elites, some
are shedding their white identity. ‘[I]f white America is ‘losing control,’ and the
future will belong to people who can successfully navigate a post-white,
multicultural landscape – then it’s no surprise that many white Americans are
eager to divest themselves of their whiteness entirely…
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13. “The day after Obama’s inaugural, television host Larry King blurted out to
an uneasy Bob Woodward a secret desire of his son. ‘My younger son Cannon…
is eight. And he now says that he would like to be black. I’m not kidding. He said
there’s a lot of advantages. Black is in. Is this a turning of the tide?”
Indeed, black is in. The tide has turned and it is the future – not because
of some defeat of “racism” but because Africans are a part of the dispossessed,
the wretched of the Earth that are overturning a world social system whose
ideological foundation is racism and that is unable to withstand the tide of history
sweeping all forms of capitalist parasitism into the proverbial dustbin of history.
The anti-racists would have us fight for a place is a dying system; they
would have us objectively uniting with our oppressors; they would transform us
into “House Negroes,” fighting to save the master’s burning house, as Malcolm X
would put it.
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