Artisan Technology Group is a supplier of new and used laboratory instrumentation that offers many services for customers, including fast shipping, equipment rentals and repairs, and buying used equipment. They have a large inventory of products from hundreds of manufacturers in stock and can also provide remote equipment inspections, technical support, and information on their website.
Keysight i3070 (antes HP3070) Board Test InterfaceInterlatin
Conoce las caracterísiticas técnicas y utilidad del Keysight i3070 Board Test Interface (BTI) y cómo su nueva versión permite a ingenieros nuevos y con experiencia a realizar sus testplan de la mejor manera posible.
AccuThermo AW 410 Rapid Thermal Processing EquipmentPeter Chen
The AccuThermo AW410 was derived from the AG Associates 610 production-proven design. Allwin21 Corp. is the exclusive manufacturer of the AG Associates Heatpulse 610 desktop atmospheric RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) system. The system uses high intensity visible radiation to heat single wafer for short process periods of time at precisely controlled temperatures. The process periods are typically 1 600 seconds in duration, although periods of up to 9999 seconds can be selected. These capabilities, combined with the heating chamber's cold-wall design and superior heating uniformity, provide significant advantages over conventional furnace processing.
AccuThermo AW 410 Applications:
Silicon-dielectric growth
Implant annealing
Glass reflow
Silicides formation and annealing
Contact alloying
Nitridation of metals
Oxygen-donor annihilation
Other heat treatment process
AccuThermo AW 410 Typical Application Areas:
Chip manufacture
Compound industry: GaAs,GaN,GaP,GaINP,InP,SiC, III-V,II-VI
Optronics, Planar optical waveguides, Lasers
Nanotechnology
Biomedical
Battery
MEMS
Solar
LED
AccuThermo AW 410 Key Features:
35 years’ production-proven real RTP/RTA/RTO/RTN system.
Scattered IR light by special gold plated Al chamber surface.
Allwin21 advanced Software package with real time control technologies and many useful functions.
Consistent wafer-to-wafer process cycle repeatability.
Top and bottom High-intensity visible radiation Tungsten halogen lamp heating for fast heating rates with good repeatability performance and long lamp lifetime.
Cooling N2 (Or CDA) flows around the lamps and quartz isolation tube for fast cooling rates
Elimination of external contamination by Isolated Quartz Tube
Up to six gas lines with MFCs and shut-off valves
Energy efficient.
Small Footprint.
Made in U.S.A.
Keysight i3070 (antes HP3070) Board Test InterfaceInterlatin
Conoce las caracterísiticas técnicas y utilidad del Keysight i3070 Board Test Interface (BTI) y cómo su nueva versión permite a ingenieros nuevos y con experiencia a realizar sus testplan de la mejor manera posible.
AccuThermo AW 410 Rapid Thermal Processing EquipmentPeter Chen
The AccuThermo AW410 was derived from the AG Associates 610 production-proven design. Allwin21 Corp. is the exclusive manufacturer of the AG Associates Heatpulse 610 desktop atmospheric RTP (Rapid Thermal Processing) system. The system uses high intensity visible radiation to heat single wafer for short process periods of time at precisely controlled temperatures. The process periods are typically 1 600 seconds in duration, although periods of up to 9999 seconds can be selected. These capabilities, combined with the heating chamber's cold-wall design and superior heating uniformity, provide significant advantages over conventional furnace processing.
AccuThermo AW 410 Applications:
Silicon-dielectric growth
Implant annealing
Glass reflow
Silicides formation and annealing
Contact alloying
Nitridation of metals
Oxygen-donor annihilation
Other heat treatment process
AccuThermo AW 410 Typical Application Areas:
Chip manufacture
Compound industry: GaAs,GaN,GaP,GaINP,InP,SiC, III-V,II-VI
Optronics, Planar optical waveguides, Lasers
Nanotechnology
Biomedical
Battery
MEMS
Solar
LED
AccuThermo AW 410 Key Features:
35 years’ production-proven real RTP/RTA/RTO/RTN system.
Scattered IR light by special gold plated Al chamber surface.
Allwin21 advanced Software package with real time control technologies and many useful functions.
Consistent wafer-to-wafer process cycle repeatability.
Top and bottom High-intensity visible radiation Tungsten halogen lamp heating for fast heating rates with good repeatability performance and long lamp lifetime.
Cooling N2 (Or CDA) flows around the lamps and quartz isolation tube for fast cooling rates
Elimination of external contamination by Isolated Quartz Tube
Up to six gas lines with MFCs and shut-off valves
Energy efficient.
Small Footprint.
Made in U.S.A.
We are manufacturers of Autoclaves, vertical autoclaves India since 1990. Our vertical autoclaves are widely used for day to day sterilization procedures and in various laboratory applications. For more information please log on http://cutt.us/wnr5
Liquiline system ca80 no endress+hauser datasheet-colorimetric analyzer for n...ENVIMART
Liquiline system ca80 no endress+hauser datasheet-colorimetric analyzer for nitrite - Endress+Hauser - Envimart JSC - www.envimart.vn - ĐT: 028 77727979 - sales@envimart.vn - Nền tảng cung cấp thiết bị, vật tư ngành nước và môi trường.
We are manufacturers of Autoclaves, vertical autoclaves India since 1990. Our vertical autoclaves are widely used for day to day sterilization procedures and in various laboratory applications. For more information please log on http://cutt.us/wnr5
Liquiline system ca80 no endress+hauser datasheet-colorimetric analyzer for n...ENVIMART
Liquiline system ca80 no endress+hauser datasheet-colorimetric analyzer for nitrite - Endress+Hauser - Envimart JSC - www.envimart.vn - ĐT: 028 77727979 - sales@envimart.vn - Nền tảng cung cấp thiết bị, vật tư ngành nước và môi trường.
The scope of work of Atten2, Advanced Monitoring Technologies is the development, manufacturing and commercialization of online optical sensors for measuring specific characteristics of several fluids, and performing related services.
Our mission is to contribute significantly to improve the operation of equipment and processes by providing real time information.
Our vision is to become an internationally renowned company which provides an excellent product and service quality.
Our solutions allow to reach a new dimension in the prediction of machine failures, using state-of-the-art optical technology.
Measuring the quality and condition of lubricants, we have established a new insight in the machines condition based monitoring.
Implementing Advanced algorithms we transform digital data into accurate and effective information to assess the operational risk in critical machines, adding value to our customers business.
Close-loop vector control
Inovance MD380 software
Infineon(<37kw)>37KW ) IGBT
Built-in PLC ,PID , AVR function
Torque control can be implemented in the CLVC mode.
Instantaneous power off , inverter keep running
Timing control function
Auto Stand-by and Sleep Mode
Fixed-length control &Torque control mode
RPM Monitoring Feature
Optional parts :Braking unit, I/O extension card, RS485 communication card, PROFIBUS-DP communication card, Differential input PG card, OC input PG card.etc.
Allwin21 Corp. has been focusing on providing solutions and enhancements to the following used semiconductor equipment. These OEM semiconductor equipment have been used in productions and R&D since 1990′s. They’ve each been PROCESS-PROVEN. Allwin21 Corp. can refurbish and/or upgrade these OEM systems with Allwin21′s comparable integrated process control system with PC, solid 3-axis robotic wafer transfer system (if applicable), and new critical components to achieve the goal of giving our customers a production edge with right cost.
We have been doing upgrade for many production proven equipment, such as Perkin-Elmer 2400, Perkin-Elmer 4400, Perkin-Elmer 4410, Perkin-Elmer 4450, Perkin-Elmer 4480, Matrix 105 , Matrix 106, Matrix 303, Matrix 303, Matrix 403, Matrix 205, Matrix 101, Matrix 102, Matrix 103, Matrix 104,Tegal 901e, Tegal 903e, Lam Research LAM AutoEtch 490, Lam AutoEtch 590, Lam AutoEtch 690, Branson/IPC 2000, Branson IPC 3000, Branson/IPC 4000, Gasonics Aura 3000, Gasonics Aura 3010, Gasonics L3510, Gasoncis Aura 1000, Gasonics AE 2001, AG Associates Heatpulse 610, AG Associates Heatpulse 410, AG Associates Minipulse 310, AG Associates Heatpulse 210 on the field for many cases. The reliability have been improved a lot for most of the tools after upgrading. We designed the upgrade kits for these working tools that can do plug and play and most of them only need 2 to 3 days include training. For PE sputter, since it is a little complicated, but we still target to upgrade within one week include training if the machine without other problems.
Why upgrade your old used semiconductor process equipment ?
Low cost solution of obsolete components and parts.
Use new air cooling RF generator to replace the obsolete water cooling RF Generator, avoiding water flood in Fab/Lab.
Use new integrated solid robotic wafer transfer to replace the obsolete index/frog robotic wafer transfer
Requirement of stability of the system
Requirement of network function (GEM/SECSII).
Requirement of PC control for data storage.
Requirement of GUI.
Requirement of more precise control.
Requirement of better repeatability, uniformity.
Requirement of easier maintenance, calibration, and trouble shooting.
How to design a Passive Infrared (PIR) Open Source ProjectIonela
This article details the hardware and software required for a fully functional passive infrared (PIR) sensor with an associated remote control unit. The remote control unit adjusts key algorithm detection parameters which are stored in the MC68HC908JK1/3 FLASH memory area.
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This pdf is about the Schizophrenia.
For more details visit on YouTube; @SELF-EXPLANATORY;
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCAiarMZDNhe1A3Rnpr_WkzA/videos
Thanks...!
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
1. Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality
new and certified-used/pre-owned equipment
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Contact us: (888) 88-SOURCE | sales@artisantg.com | www.artisantg.com
SM
ViewInstra
2. ®®
LI-6200
Condensed Reference
LI-COR, inc. q 4421 Superior St. q Lincoln, NE 68504 USA
402-467-3576 q FAX: 402-467-2819 q 1-800-447-3576 (U.S. & Canada)
envsales@licor.com q www.licor.com
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com
3. The LI-6200
Condensed Reference
Software Revision 2.00
August, 1990
LI-COR
Box 4425 / 4421 Superior St.
Lincoln, Nebraska 68504 USA
Phone: 402-467-3576
Toll-free: 1-800-447-3576 (U.S. & Canada)
FAX: 402-467-2819
e-mail: envsales@env.licor.com
www.licor.com
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7. 5
FILES
# TYPE FCT:
1 PAGE E7 Data and page parameters
2 SYSTM E3 1x, 2x, 3x, Bx
3 I/O 51 I/O parameters
4 ASCII 56 General purpose
5 PPARM 41 Page parameters
6 OPARM 42 Operating parameters
7 CO2 45 CO2 calibration list
8 FLOW 46 Flow calibration list
9 RH 47 Cal list
10 SENSR E2 0x, Cx
11 SFORM D8 System format
12 UFORM D9 User format
13 KEYS E1 User key definitions
14 KBUFF ED Key buffer
15 VWSEQ EC Miniview sequence
16 PROG E8 Log key program
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8. 6
EXEC LISTS
40 **SETUP** 50 **COMM**
41 set pg parms 51 set I/O parms
42 set opr parm 52 terminal
43 set clock 53 dump pages
44 set QNTM cal 54 binary dump
45 set CO2 cal 55 binary load
46 set FLOW cal 56 ascii capture
47 set RH cal 57 ascii dump
48 zero FLOW 58 binary index
49 CO2 ref 59
4A leaf area 5A
4B aux data 5B
4C 5C
4D 5D
4E 5E
4F 5F
D0 ***MEM*** E0 **CONFIG**
D1 delete fiels E1 set keys
D2 renum files E2 set sensors
D3 mem status E3 set sys prog
D4 file status E4 reset E2, E3
D5 file index E5 recompute
D6 STORE PAD E6 CLEAR PAD
D7 edit loop E7 view
D8 set sys fmt E8 program
D9 set user fmt E9 log
DA view labels EA sys reset
DB EC set mini view
DC DE set kbuff
DD ED set kbuff
DE EE EXEC KBUFF
DF clear mem EF SWAP TERM
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9. 7
PREOPERATION
1. Work through the SETUP execute list
(SETUP, or FCT 40), which covers the
following:
G Page parameters
G Operating parameters
G Set the clock
G Quantum sensor cal constant
G CO2 analyzer cal list
G Flowmeter cal list
G RH sensor cal list
G Set analyzer reference
2. Check each sensor to make sure it is
responding as expected:
G Quantum sensor
G Air and leaf temp matched?
G IRGA temp
G Flowmeter
G CO2 concentration
G Relative humidity
3. Set the ZERO and SPAN for the CO2
analyzer.
4. ZERO the flowmeter (FCT 48).
5. Check the humidity sensor against a standard
you can trust.
6. Check system for leaks.
7. Desiccant test (K Test).
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10. 8
REMINDERS
EVERY 10 -15 MINUTES...
G Shake the desiccant tube
EVERY 30 - 60 MINUTES...
G Zero the flowmeter
G Check the CO2 analyzer zero
G Test the desiccant (K Test)
EVERY DAY...
G Preoperation procedure
G Clean chambers
G LI-6250 fan filter
G Re-charge used batteries
EVERY FEW WEEKS...
G Check soda lime
G LI-6250 filter #2
EVERY YEAR...
G LI-6250 filter #3
G LI-6250 internal soda/desiccant
OR
G Return to factory for complete recalibration
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11. 9
USER FORMAT CODES
HDR Entire header
PAG Page number
DAY Day (numeric)
MON Month (numeric)
HOU Hour
MIN Minute
SEC Second
TIM Time in HH:MM:SS
DAT Date in DD MMM
NOB # observations
SYS System number
APR.n nth auxiliary data prompt
AXD.n nth auxiliary data
EOL<.n> End of line (or n EOLs)
SPA<.n> Space (or n spaces)
Ax Parameters (AA thru AF)
1x.n nth sample of channel 1x
1x.nM nth mean obs of channel 1x
1x.nR nth range of obs of channel 1x
2x.n nth obs of channel 2x
3x.n nth obs of channel 3x
OB.n nth observation #
LOOP...ENDLOOP Use * for obs.
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12. 10
0x CHANNELS
00 LOW reserved
01 LOW TA Chamber temp (mV)
02 LOW TL Leaf temp (mV)
03 LOW RH Relative humidity (mV)
04 LOW TC IRGA temp (mV)
05 HIGH C2 CO2 signal (mV)
06 LOW QN Qntm (mV)
07 LOW FL Flowmeter signal (mV)
08 OFF Spare channel 1 (mV)
09 OFF Spare channel 2 (mV)
0A OFF Spare channel 3 (mV)
0B OFF Spare channel 4 (mV)
0C OFF Spare channel 5 (mV)
0D OFF Spare channel 6 (mV)
0E LOW BA Battery Voltage (V)
0F LOW reserved
Accessed by FCT E2.
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16. 14
Ax CONSTANTS
A0 P(mb)
A1 A(cm2)
A2 Vt(cc)
A3 BC(mol)
A4 STMRAT
A5 Fx(µmol)
A6 Vg(cc)
A7 Kabs
A8 A8
A9 A9
AA AUX DATA 1
AB AUX DATA 2
AC AUX DATA 3
AD AUX DATA 4
AE AUX DATA 5
AF AUX DATA 6
Ax constants are accessed by FCT 41, or by
FCT Ax.
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18. 16
Cx CONSTANTS
C0 0.0 Unused
C1 1.0 Unused
C2 100.0 Unused
C3 0.012207 Thermistor
C4 0.00226 Thermocouple C1
C5 0 Unused
C6 ?? Quantum cal
C7 0.024414 Humidity
C8 ?? Flow zero
C9 0 CO2 ppm
CA 0 CO2 mV
CB 1.00 CO2 gain factor
CC 0.1790 Quantum gain
CD 0.0 Unused
CE 0.0 Unused
CF 44.64 Flow
Cx constants are accessed by FCT E2, or by
FCT Cx.
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19. 17
6x STACK OPERATORS
60 →←
Swap top 2 entries
61 → Drop top entry off stack
62 + Add top two entries
63 - Subtract top two entries
64 × Multiply top two entries
65 ÷ Divide top two entries
66 1/x Invert top entry
67 -x Change Sign of top entry
68 x2 Square top entry
69 x3 Cube top entry
6A x Square Root of top
6B ← Duplicate top entry
6C Fetch previous 1x, 0x value
6D Store top entry to ___
6E Fetch range obs of 1x
6F Slope channel flag
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20. 18
7x STACK OPERATORS
70 Time since pad cleared.
Initial Stack: G G (top)
Final Stack: G time (s) G (top)
71 CO2 calibration function.
I: G Signal (mV) G Temp (C)G
F: G CO2 (ppm) G
72 Flow calibration function.
I: G Signal (mV) G Temp (C) G
F: G Std Flow (cm3 s-1) G
73 RH Lookup Table.
I: G Measured RH (%) G
F: G True RH (%) G
74 Saturation Vapor Pressure
I: G Temp (C) G
F: G Vapor pressure (mb) G
75 8.314 × (T + 273)
I: G T G
F: G 8.314 × (T + 273)
76 Boundary Layer Correction
I: G Stmrat G BC G
F: G Corrected BC G
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21. 19
7x STACK OPERATORS cont'd
77 CO2 Reference
I: G Ref (ppm) G Temp (C) G P (mb)G
F: G Ref (ppm) G Ref (mV) G Gain Factor G
78 CO2 Slope
I: G Signal (mV) G Temp (C) G
F: G Cal Function Slope G
79 Stomatal Conductance
I: G SL G ea G E G P G BC G
SL = Sat vap press of leaf (mb)
ea = Vap press of air (mb)
E = Transpiration (mol m-2 s-1)
P = Pressure (mb)
BC = Bound. layer cond (mol m-2 s-1)
F: G Cond (mol m-2 s-1)G
7A Cond. to CO2
I: G g G BC G
g = Stom. cond. (mol m-2 s-1)
BC = Bound. layer cond (mol m-2 s-1)
F: G Cond CO2 (mol m-2 s-1)G
7B Intercellular CO2
I: G g GE G C G A G
g = Stom. cond. (mol m-2 s-1)
E = Transpiration (mol m-2 s-1)
C = Ambient CO2 (ppm)
A = Assim. rate (µmol m-2 s-1)
F: G Ci (ppm) G
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22. 20
7x STACK OPERATORS cont'd
7C Density Factor
I: G Temp (C) G P (mb) G
F: G (TPo)/(ToP) G
7D 5th Order Polynomial
I: G a G b G c G d G e G f G x G
F: G a+bx+cx2+dx3+ex4+fx5 G
7E DeltaT (Energy Balance)
I: G BC G Ta G TW G E G Rn G
BC = Bound. layer cond (mol m-2 s-1)
Ta = Chamber air temp (C)
TW = Chamber wall temp (C)
E = Transpiration (mol m-2 s-1)
Rn = Net radiation ( W m-2)
F: G (Tleaf - Tair) G
7F Transpiration (Energy Balance)
I: G BC G Ta G Tl GTW GRn G
BC = Bound. layer cond (mol m-2 s-1)
Ta = Chamber air temp (C)
Tl = Leaf temp (C)
TW = Chamber wall temp (C)
Rn = Net radiation (W m-2)
F: G Transpiration (mol m-2 s-1) G
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24. 22
TROUBLESHOOTING
Conductance Too Low
G Humidity reading too low.
G Flowmeter reading too low. (Re-zero?)
G Leaf area too high.
G Volume too low (if not steady state
conditions).
G Bad contact between leaf thermocouple and
leaf, with Tleaf < Tair.
G Did humidity rise during the measurement?
Use a higher flow rate if possible.
Conductance Too High or Negative
G Humidity reading too high.
G Flowmeter reading too high. (Re-zero?)
G Desiccant not adequate.
G Volume too high (if not steady state
conditions).
G Leaf area too low. If it is low enough to make
the leaf resistance come out smaller than the
boundary layer resistance, then the stomatal
resistance (and conductance) will be negative.
G Bad contact between leaf thermocouple and
leaf, with Tleaf > Tair.
G Did humidity fall during the measurement?
Use a lower flow rate.
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25. 23
TROUBLESHOOTING, Cont'd
Photosynthesis Too Low (High)
G CO2 analyzer calibrated correctly? Are you
sure of your span gas?
G Volume too low (high).
G Leaf area too high (low).
G Pressure parameter too low (high).
Intercellular CO2 Too Low (High)
G Photosynthesis too high (low).
G Stomatal conductance too low (high).
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com
27. ®®
LI-6200
Condensed Reference
LI-COR, inc. q 4421 Superior St. q Lincoln, NE 68504 USA
402-467-3576 q FAX: 402-467-2819 q 1-800-447-3576 (U.S. & Canada)
envsales@licor.com q www.licor.com
Artisan Technology Group - Quality Instrumentation ... Guaranteed | (888) 88-SOURCE | www.artisantg.com
28. Artisan Technology Group is your source for quality
new and certified-used/pre-owned equipment
• FAST SHIPPING AND
DELIVERY
• TENS OF THOUSANDS OF
IN-STOCK ITEMS
• EQUIPMENT DEMOS
• HUNDREDS OF
MANUFACTURERS
SUPPORTED
• LEASING/MONTHLY
RENTALS
• ITAR CERTIFIED
SECURE ASSET SOLUTIONS
SERVICE CENTER REPAIRS
Experienced engineers and technicians on staff
at our full-service, in-house repair center
WE BUY USED EQUIPMENT
Sell your excess, underutilized, and idle used equipment
We also offer credit for buy-backs and trade-ins
www.artisantg.com/WeBuyEquipment
REMOTE INSPECTION
Remotely inspect equipment before purchasing with
our interactive website at www.instraview.com
LOOKING FOR MORE INFORMATION?
Visit us on the web at www.artisantg.com for more
information on price quotations, drivers, technical
specifications, manuals, and documentation
Contact us: (888) 88-SOURCE | sales@artisantg.com | www.artisantg.com
SM
ViewInstra