Some have claimed Time-Flow Photography (experimental imagery with continuous motion and long shutter speeds) is accidental and others say it is not a legitimate form of photography. For this reason I wrote a Manifesto refuting those statements and explaining its goals. You can view and/or download the Manifesto in PDF form.

1. 2nd Draft
Manifesto: Time-Flow Photography
Imagery With Movement Is An Important New Aspect of Photography
YOU MAY QUOTE FROM, COPY, RESEND THIS DOCUMENT AS LONG AS YOU CREDIT
THE WORK AS: Time-Flow Photography Manifesto
You can also view this document online at:
http://deconstructingtime.blogspot.com/2016/05/manifesto-time-flow-photography.html
PLEASE NOTE: This is the first draft -- we will accept comments, suggestions, additions, support or
criticisms for the next couple of weeks and then will issue the final Manifesto in due time. If you
would like to also be one of the sponsors, let us know. This initial draft was written by Rick Doble,
but he expects that when completed it will be a work in which many have contributed.
We draft the following Manifesto because we are annoyed
by critics who make unsubstantiated claims that Time-
Flow Photography is purely accidental although it does,
in fact, require more skill than traditional photography.
And further we offer this Manifesto because we are also
angered by pronouncements that Time-Flow Photography
is not a legitimate form of photography.
TIME-FLOW PHOTOGRAPHY DEFINITION: We define 'Time-Flow Photography' as one that deals
primarily with slow shutter speeds and movement that is visibly recorded in a photographic image. The
movement can be camera movement, subject movement or a combination of the two.
TIME-FLOW PHOTOGRAPHY MANIFESTO
PHOTOGRAPHY IS THE ART OF LIGHT
ON LIGHT SENSITIVE MATERIAL
• The word photograph comes from two Greek words: Photo = light and Graph = drawing
or painting.
• Photography is the art of light on light sensitive material -- no matter what form that art
takes.
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 1 of 12

2. • Therefore a photography of light recorded in movement is a valid form for the
photographic arts.
• We reject the notion that valid photography must, for the most part, be sharp and
realistic. For various reasons in the past (see below) sharp realistic photography has
been most useful and therefore considered the standard for the photographic arts. But
now with the new capabilities of digital, this standard is outdated.
• Deliberate artistic blurred images or images that show motion or streaks of light or a
duration of motion are just as valid a photographic statement as traditional
photography.
SUBJECT MOVEMENT:
Candid 4 second, telephoto, handheld,
available light photography by Rick Doble.
Used as a central image at the SCIENAR (Science/Art) Exhibit
in Bucharest, Romania, 2010.
https://www.academia.edu/24480664/Rick_Dobles_Space-
Time_Photographs_and_Writings_with_the_European_SCIENAR_Science_Art_Project
• The idea of recording motion in photography was suggested over 100 years ago by
Anton Bragaglia, a photographer associated with the Italian Futurist movement. The
idea of light in itself being the subject was suggested 50 years ago by Wynn Bullock
who spent six years, from 1959 to 1965 creating what he called "Color Light
Abstractions" on 35mm Kodachrome slides.
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 2 of 12

3. Anton Bragaglia (his photo above) wrote his own Manifesto in 1911, Futurist Photodynamism
(Fotodinamismo futurista)in which he described many of the same ideas that are fundamental to
Time-Flow Photography but were difficult to implement with the film and cameras of the time. He
wanted to understand unbroken movement with precision -- and he wanted to put together what
he called an "algebra of movement."
"Light to me is perhaps the most profound truth in the universe. My thinking has been
deeply affected by the belief everything is some form of radiant energy."
"Light used in its own right...gives to photography the wonderful plasticity that paint gives
to painting without loss of the unmatched reality of straight photography."
Wynn Bullock (1905 - 1975) writing about his "Color Light Abstractions"
http://www.wynnbullockphotography.com/galleries_color/color_index.html
Experimental digital photography has the potential to create abstract expressionist pictures with the
depth and quality of traditional painters but with light as the medium -- light which has characteristics
all its own.
Rick Doble, 2010
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 3 of 12

4. CAMERA MOVEMENT
This photograph was created entirely with camera movement and a still shaft of light:
4 second exposure, handheld and white balance set to give the light a blue color.
By Rick Doble.
Exhibited in the Bridges Mathematical Art Galleries at the Bridges Conference in 2012.
http://gallery.bridgesmathart.org/exhibitions/2012-bridges-conference/rickdoble
WHY THESE SLOW SHUTTER SPEED EFFECTS
ARE A NEW ART FORM THAT IS NOW POSSIBLE
WITH DIGITAL CAMERAS
• In the past the effects possible with slow shutter speeds were virtually ignored due to
the expense and uncertainty of the results and the desire to create only sharp imagery
for documentation. While time-flow effects were possible with film, the result were
haphazard, time consuming and expensive so for all practical purposes slow shutter
speed effects were not used or explored.
• Now however, digital photography allows a range of expression and an ability to
experiment that was not possible with film because of the immediate feedback of the
digital image and the low cost. Rick Doble wrote an essay about this over 15 years ago.
• In particular, candid digital photography is now possible with 'Time-Flow' effects --
which allows an immediacy and spontaneity that was first imagined by the Italian
Futurists over 100 years ago.
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 4 of 12

5. • This means that difficult photographic imagery can now be crafted using a variety of
slow shutter speeds and types of movement.
PHOTOGRAPHY HAS BEEN CHANGING
AND EVOLVING FOR ALMOST 200 YEARS
• Almost from the moment photography was born, it has evolved and changed. But the
standards of the past have often mistakenly been applied to the newer technology.
Now with digital photography, the new possible imagery with Time-Flow Photography
is being criticized by outdated notions that prohibit most kinds of blur or visible
motion in a photograph.
• From the very beginning photography has been changing. The first photograph by
Niepce around 1827 required an eight hour exposure. About fifty years later Muybridge
was taking photographs at 1/2000 of a second. Each technological advance in
photography (from large tripod view cameras and collodion wet plates to handheld
SLRs that took roll film, from black and white to color) led to new imagery but not
without controversy. When small 35mm cameras became available their photographs
were considered vastly inferior to the earlier large format cameras, for example.
• Like any new art form it will take some time to determine what effects are possible and
which photographs exhibit these effects with the best possible artistic skill
• We reject the notion that these images are purely accidental as some critics have
asserted.
• At its most complex, this type of imagery requires more skill than traditional
photography -- and does not happen by accident. The exact techniques have been
described in detail by Rick Doble in his book, Experimental Digital Photography.
• Like any new experimental art form there will be trial and error at the beginning which
in time will evolve into specific techniques over which the photographer will have full
control.
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6. WE LIVE IN A SPACE-TIME REALITY
WHICH PHOTOGRAPHY IS UNIQUELY CAPABLE OF CAPTURING
• As Einstein pointed out, we do not live in a world that is purely space, we live in a
space-time world. Time-Flow Photography has the ability to record time as well as
space and to make visual our space-time existence.
• A photographic 'exposure' is created by the combination of light through the lens for a
specific period of time (the shutter speed).
• Therefore photography is uniquely capable of recording a space-time image because a
photographic image is the combination of space (through the lens) and time (via the
shutter speed) -- so each photo is a space-time picture.
• The dream and aim of recording the 'fourth dimension', that of time, is now possible
with digital photography.
• A depiction of the fourth dimension has been a central theme of modern and
contemporary art.
• This is an exciting time for people who are willing to work with a new way of thinking
and new imagery.
WHY A MANIFESTO?
• Writing a Manifesto in which one defines the goals of a new art is in keeping with a
long held tradition in art such as the Cubist Manifesto (Du "Cubism") of 1912 or
the Symbolist Manifesto (Le Symbolisme) of 1886 or the Surrealist Manifestos of 1924
& 1929 or theDogma 95 Manifesto by avant-garde Danish filmmakers in 1995.
Manifestos have also been a tradition in photography. For example the newly formed
f/64 group, which included Ansel Adams and Edward Weston, published a highly
influential Manifesto in 1932 which still affects photography to this day.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifesto
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7. SUBJECT & CAMERA MOVEMENT COMBINED
The camera is moving relative to the background outside the moving car,
but the camera is steady in relation to Doble's wife who is driving
and whose movements are subject movements.
Photograph of Doble's wife driving: 8 seconds, handheld, available light.
By Rick Doble
Exhibited at the SCIENAR (Science/Art) Exhibit in Bucharest, Romania, 2010.
https://www.academia.edu/24480664/Rick_Dobles_Space-
Time_Photographs_and_Writings_with_the_European_SCIENAR_Science_Art_Project
NOTE: While we have named our kind of photography of slow shutter speeds with continuous motion,
Time-Flow Photography, there may be a better name. It has been called space-time photography and
also painting with light -- but neither of these, we feel, is as clear as the term Time-Flow Photography.
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 7 of 12

8. IS TIME-FLOW PHOTOGRAPHY ACCIDENTAL?
Claims That Time-Flow Photography Is Accidental:
One customer review said Doble's book Experimental Digital Photography was a "book
about pictures you could easily take by accident." A new art form requires that people
look at the works in a new way -- otherwise the artwork can appear random. When the
Abstract Expressionists first exhibited their paintings in the 1950s, many said things
such as "My kid could do that." Jackson Pollock's dripped paintings are now
considered some of the best work of the 20th century and sell for millions of dollars.
With Time-Flow Photography a new dimension has been added, the dimension of time.
To the untrained eye these pictures might appear to be the result of luck but the best
Time-Flow photographs are subtle and carefully constructed. However, most of us
have been taught to avoid any kind of blur in a photograph -- so changing gears and
seeing blur as an artistic technique does demand a new way of seeing.
The notion of accident brings up another aspect. One mistake with such criticisms is
that they often confuse accident with chance. Time-Flow Photography is not
accidental, but it does take advantage of chance, which is quite different -- and is
explained below.
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 8 of 12

9. Rick Doble, Raindrops on a Windshield in a Moving Car, 2003
This photograph is not accidental.
This shot might seem accidental to the untrained eye -- yet it is anything but.In heavy rain as Doble
was driving, he turned off the wipers on his windshield and then he focused the camera so that it
focused close-up on the drops of water on the windshield and also threw the lights on the highway
out of focus due to depth of field. Next he waited to take this 8-second shot until he was the right
distance from a stop light -- which he knew from past experience would create a web like red
pattern and the red would also be reflected in the water on the highway. Then he steadied the
camera on the dash of his car to eliminate camera shake to get a sharp picture of the water drops.
Since the distance between the camera and the windshield was unchanging, the water drops on the
windshield were relatively sharp. However, the approaching traffic lights at a slow exposure were
spread behind the drops and out of focus. In addition because Doble had taken a number of
pictures of water on glass, he also knew that each drop of water would act like a lens which would
distort the light and the colors coming from the stop light and the traffic.
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 9 of 12

10. ACCIDENT VS. CHANCE
Accident Vs. Chance:
Saying that Time-Flow photographs are accidental can only mean no skill was involved
-- that the photographer had almost no control over the outcome. This is simply not
true as seen by the explanation above. However, chance often plays an important role,
especially in candid Time-Flow Photography. Dealing with chance is not unusual. In
fact, we all deal with chance everyday, such as driving down the highway and
expecting the unexpected. This can happen, for example, when a car in front of us
suddenly comes to a stop for no reason and we must brake quickly to avoid hitting it.
Chance is something we all live with on a daily basis.
Candid Photography And Chance:
Candid photography for over 100 years has depended on chance to give its imagery an
immediacy and a sense of the moment. Cartier-Bresson, who many consider the
greatest photographer of all time, often framed a composition and then waited for a
chance element to enter his camera viewfinder. But he could also compose
spontaneously when the situation demanded. The exact moment when all the pieces
came together, Cartier-Bresson called, "The decisive moment."
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 10 of 12

11. Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage, 1907 (commons.wikimedia.org)
Considered a milestone in photography, Alfred Stieglitz came across this scene by chance when he
was on a steam ship. He immediately saw the geometry and the stage-like arrangement, but crucial
to the picture was the man in the straw hat (upper left) which was catching the sunlight. Stieglitz had
to run back to his cabin, grab his quite large camera and return in the hope that the man had not
moved. He was in luck. As Louis Pasteur so wisely said, "Chance favors the prepared mind,"
because it is one thing for chance to occur and a completely different thing to recognize and take
advantage of it. Candid photographers are tuned into chance and make it part of their medium.
Stieglitz wrote:
"On the upper deck, looking over the railing, there was a young man with a straw hat...A round straw
hat, the funnel leaning left, the stairway leaning right, the white drawbridge with its railing made of
circular chains…I saw shapes related to each other. I saw a picture of shapes and underlying that the
feeling I had about life." https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Steerage
Time-Flow Photography Manifesto Page 11 of 12

12. Candid Photography And Time-Flow Candid Photography:
Both of these photographic art forms count on chance to give it a power and
spontaneity that other forms of photography do not have. A candid Time-Flow
photographer can create a framework in which chance can occur and then take
advantage of such chance. For example, when taking photographs of musicians, a
photographer might spend half an hour finding the right spot to frame so that the light,
the colors, the background and the way a musician holds his or her instrument fits into
a composition. Then using a slow shutter speed the photographer will try to capture a
sense of that moment, capture the rhythm and the energy in a picture that records the
musician in motion.
Chance And Modern Art:
Chance has been a major component of modern art and contemporary art such as the
art of the Surrealists, the Dadaists, the Abstract Expressionists in addition to candid
photography or street photography. There is even a term for allowing chance into the
art process: aleatoricism.
"The marvellous mixture of emotion and geometry, together in a single instant."
Henri Cartier-Bresson
MASTERING TIME-FLOW PHOTOGRAPHY
Time-Flow Photography demands that an accomplished photographer have a broad
technical understanding of photography such as the interrelationship between focal
length, aperture, depth of field, perspective, working distance and shutter speed; plus
a knowledge of hyperfocal distance, circle of confusion, reciprocity failure, shutter
speed and the desired effect, absolute and relative motion and ghosting or negative
ghosting -- just to name a few, all of which need to be done manually and often quickly.
But also, just as Ansel Adams said almost 100 years ago, photographers can learn to
previsualize their photographs before shooting, i.e. see the scene the way the camera
sees it and not the way the human eye sees it. A Time-Flow photographer can also use
this method to previsualize what a scene will look like when exposed over time -- which
with Time-Flow Photography is markedly different from what the eye sees. With years
of experience a Time-Flow photographer can imagine what a picture will look like with
movement and a long shutter speed before taking a picture. Consequently they can
learn to zero-in on different and new lighting situations that will work with this
technique.
NOTE: "Visualization is a central topic in Ansel Adams' writings about photography, where he defines it
as 'the ability to anticipate a finished image before making the exposure.'"
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Previsualization)
Minor White refined the idea a bit, calling the visualization before taking a picture, previsualization but
crediting Ansel Adams with the basic idea.
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