This document describes several important anatomical landmarks in the mandibular region for denture fabrication. It outlines 9 key landmarks: the labial frenum, labial vestibule, buccal frenum, buccal vestibule, buccal shelf area, retromolar pad, pear shaped pad, lingual frenum, and lingual vestibule. Each landmark is defined and its relevance to denture construction is explained. For example, the buccal shelf area is a primary stress bearing area consisting of thick cortical bone and dense connective tissue, and the retromolar pad forms the distal end of the denture and consists of loose connective tissue. Understanding these mandibular landmarks is essential

1. MANDIBULAR ANATOMICAL
LANDMARKS

2. Mandibular land marks
1. Labial frenum
2. Labial vestibule
3. Buccal frenum
4. Buccal vestibule
5. Buccal shelf area
6. Retromolar pad
7. Pear shaped pad
8. Lingual frenum
9. Lingual vestibule

4. Labial frenum
• Single narrow band
• Usually shorter and
wider than maxillary.

6. Labial vestibule
• Between labial and
buccal frenum
• Support to the lower lip.

7. Buccal frenum
• Single or more bands.
• More clearance required

9. Buccal vestibule
• Extend up to external
oblique ridge.
• Denture borders may
overextend in this region

11. Buccal shelf area
• It is the primary stress
bearing area.
• Consist of thick cortical
bone & dense connective
tissue

14. Retromolar pad area
• Forms the distal end of
the denture.
• Consist of loose
connective tissue

15. Pear shaped pad
• Aggregation of mucous
glands and loose,
connective tissue.
• Formed after residual
scar of third molar.
• Muscle attachments
• Posteriorly – temporalis tendons
• Laterally – buccinator
• Medially – pterygomandibular raphe and superior
constrictor of pharynx.

16. Lingual frenum
• Fibrous band of tissue
that overlies genioglossus
• Proper clearance required

17. Lingual vestibule
• Divided into three
• Anterior vestibule
• Middle vestibule
• Distolingual vestibule

18. Anterior
• Also called sublingual crescent area
• Structures present
• Genioglossus muscles
• Lingual frenum
• Anterior portion of sublingual gland

20. Middle
• Also called mylohyoid vestibule
• Is the largest portion of lingual vestibule
• Structures seen
• Mylohyoid muscle
• Sublingual gland

22. Posterior
• Also called lateral throat form or
retromylohyoid fossa
• Boundaries
• Anteriorly – mylohyoid muscle
• Laterally – pear shaped pad
• Posteriorly – retromylohyoid curtain
• Medially - tongue

24. References
• BERNARD LEWIN
• SHELDON WINKLER
• SHARRY
• Characteristics of anatomical landmarks in the mandibular
interforaminal region: A cone-beam computed tomography
study. Med oral patol cir buccal. 2012 ; 17(3): 420–5.

25. • An In-vivo Comparison of Vertical and Horizontal Distance
between Incisive Papilla and Incisal Edge of Maxillary Central
Incisors in Dentates with Different Arch Forms. JCDR. 2017; 11(4)
• Radiographic evaluation of anatomical variables in maxilla and
mandible in relation to dental implant placement. IJDR.2016; 27(4):
344-7

26. • THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANATOMIC LANDMARKS IN COMPLETE
DENTURE SERVICE. J. Pros. Den. May-June, 1964; 14(3); 456-9
• Estimation of effectiveness of different anatomical landmarks in re-
establishing lost occlusal plane in edentates: An all-inclusive review of
literature.
International Journal of Medical and Health Research. 2018; 4(8); 52-
6

27. THANK YOU