M.M Devan Dictum “Aim of a prosthodontist is not only the meticulous replacement of what is missing, but also perpetual preservation of what is present” Complete denture must function in harmony with the remaining natural tissues so for the success, a through knowledge of the anatomy is a must.

1. Anatomical landmarks
Maxillary landmarks

2. Introduction
 M.M Devan Dictum “Aim of a prosthodontist is
not only the meticulous replacement of what is
missing, but also perpetual preservation of
what is present”
 Complete denture must function in harmony
with the remaining natural tissues so for the
success, a through knowledge of the anatomy
is a must.

3. Maxillary landmarks
1. Labial frenum
2. Labial vestibule
3. Buccal frenum
4. Buccal vestibule
5. Distobuccal sulcus
6. Alveolar ridge
7. Tuberosity
8. Hamular notch
9. Hard palate (flat portions)
10. Fovea palatani
11. Mid palatine suture
12. Incissive papillae
13. Rugae

4. Labial frenum
 Single band of fibrous
connective tissue
 Properly relieved

6. Labial vestibule
 Extends from labial frenum
to buccal frenum.
 Proper lip support should be
provided.

8. Buccal frenum
 Consist of one or more
bands.
 Relieved
 Influenced by 3 muscles
 Orbicularis oris (forward)
 Buccinator (backward)
 Caninus (position)

10. Buccal vestibule
 Buccal frenum to hamular
notch
 Influenced by
 Buccinator
 Modiolus
 Coronid process of mandible

11. Alveolar ridge
 Ridge left after the extraction
of teeth.
 Mucosa is firmly attached to
the periosteum of the bone.
 Consist of dense collagenous fibers.

13. Maxillary tuberosity
 Posterior convexity
 Combination syndrome

15. Hamular notch
 Pterygomaxillary notch
 Distal extension of denture
 Identifying the PPS area.
 Situated between the tuberosity and
hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.

16. Hard palate
 Flat areas as secondary
retentive areas.
 U shaped palate
 Flat palate (not good support)
 V shaped palate (least favorable)

17. Fovea palatine
 Formed by coalescence of
several mucous gland ducts.
 Landmark for location of
vibrating line.

19. Mid palatine suture
 Junction of palatine process
of maxilla.
 Covered by a thin mucosa
 Slightly elevated or raised
 Proper relief required.

21. Incisive papillae
 Pad of fiberous connective
tissue over incisive foramen
 Proper relief should be given.
 Aid in arrangement of anterior teeth and
jaw relation.

23. Rugae
 Resist the horizontal forces
against the denture.
 Should not be over
compressed.

26. REVIW OF LETERATURE

27. Characteristics of anatomical landmarks in
the mandibular interforaminal region: A cone-
beam computed tomography study
Med oral patol cir buccal. 2012 ; 17(3): 420–5.

28. INTRODUCTION
 This experimental study included 96 CBCT scans from
patients with partially edentulous mandibles .The
selected scans had paraxial slices with a slice
thickness of 1 mm slices .
 The scans had been taken as part of a diagnostic
procedure for implant supported rehabilitation. The
age of the patients ranged from 20 to 77 years (mean
age: 46.60 years), 48% of which were females and
52% were males. 68% of the subjects were 35-58
years old. All of the mandibles under investigation
were partially edentulous in the anterior or posterior
regions.

29.  The interforaminal region was examined in the CBCT
scans. The CBCT examinations were obtained using
the Promax 3D (Planmeca, Finland) CBCT unit, which
automatically sets the appropriate exposure
parameters for each patient.
 The acquired images were processed with the
Romexis software. In this study, contiguous cross-
sectional images with a 1-mm step were used.
Measurements were done using the measurement
tools of the Romexis software under magnification ×3
by a Samsung monitor (SyncMaster 2243BWX,
Resolution 1680 ×1050 and Brightness 300 cd/m2)

33. conclusion
 It can be concluded that there may be large
variations in the anatomical landmarks in the
foraminal region; one should not assume that a
fixed distance mesially from the mental foramen will
be safe.
 With the increased interest in performing thorough
pre-operative planning prior to oral implant surgery
in interforaminal region, cross-sectional images
may be considered for obtaining more information
on the anatomical landmarks.

34. References
 BERNARD LEWIN
 SHELDON WINKLER
 SHARRY
 Characteristics of anatomical landmarks in the
mandibular interforaminal region: A cone-beam
computed tomography study. Med oral patol cir
buccal. 2012 ; 17(3): 420–5.

35.  An In-vivo Comparison of Vertical and Horizontal
Distance between Incisive Papilla and Incisal Edge of
Maxillary Central Incisors in Dentates with Different
Arch Forms. JCDR. 2017; 11(4)
 Radiographic evaluation of anatomical variables in
maxilla and mandible in relation to dental implant
placement. IJDR.2016; 27(4): 344-7

36.  THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ANATOMIC
LANDMARKS IN COMPLETE DENTURE
SERVICE. J. Pros. Den. May-June, 1964; 14(3);
456-9
 Estimation of effectiveness of different
anatomical landmarks in re-establishing lost
occlusal plane in edentates: An all-inclusive
review of literature.
International Journal of Medical and Health
Research. 2018; 4(8); 52-6

37. THANK YOU