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CSET Mandarin Subtest I  Mandarin Subtest II   Mandarin Subtest IIl
Mandarin Subtest I ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CSET: Mandarin Subtest II ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
语言系统的三要素 三、语言系统的三要素   语音、基本词汇和语法式语言的“三要素”。    1 、语音   语音是语言的物质形式。任何语言都是物质形式和意义内容的统一体。   人类的自然语言都是有声语言。   语音就是语言意义的载体。   内容只有借助语音的载负才能获得物质的外在形式。   所以说,语音是构成语言系统的“三要素”之一。    2 、基本词汇   词是语言中可以自由运用的基本单位,是语音和语义的结合体。   词汇是所有离散的词语的集合,是载负语句内容的基本材料。   学习和掌握一种语言,就要掌握足够的词汇量。   所以说,基本词汇是语言的“三要素”之一。    3 、语法   语法是语言单位的结构规则和运用规律。   任何语言都有自己的一套语法系统。    语言的学习和运用、交流和理解都要建立在正确的语法规则之上。   所以说,语法是语言的三要素之一。 返回
语言的基本属性 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
词汇概说 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
语素和词 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
合成词的构成方式 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
一)复合式   复合式是由词根和词根组成的合成词。词根和词根的组合方式不同,形成该种合成词内部结构方式的差异。主要有以下几种类型:    1 、联合式   联合式复合词由两个意义相同、相近、相关或相反的词根并列组成。例如“城市”“艰难”“制造”“头绪”“骨肉”“禽兽”“岁月”“动静”“得失”“来往”等。构成联合式的各部分之间是平等并列的关系,没有主次之分。    2 、偏正式   偏正式复合词是由前一词根修饰、限制后一词根形成的词。例如“书包”“绿豆”“汉语”“导师”“长跑”“狂欢”“蜂拥”“重视”“牛皮纸”“毛毛雨”等。前后语素之间具有修饰被修饰的关系,起修饰作用的前语素是偏语素,被修饰的后语素是正语素。    3 、补充式   补充式复合词是由后一词根补充、说明前一词根形成的词。例如“提高”“改正”“弄清”“说明”等,前一语素往往表示某种行为动作,后一语素表示动作行为的结果。另有一些补充式如“松树”“梅花”“布匹”“花朵”“泪汪汪”“白茫茫”等,前一语素表示一种事物或现象,后一语素用表示的物类、单位或情状对前语素进行补充说明。    4 、动宾式   动宾式复合词是由前面表示行为动作的词根支配后面表示关涉事物的词根形成的词。例如“知己”“担心”“观光”“吃力”“理事”“负责”“剪彩”“冒险”“动员”“接力”等。前一语素表示行为动作,后一语素表示动作行为所支配的对象。    5 、主谓式   主谓式复合词的前一词根表示被陈述对象 ,后一词根是陈述前一词根的。例如“目击”“地震”“肉麻”“肩负”“霜降”“日食”“事变”“胃下垂”等。前后两个部分是陈述和被陈述的关系。
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
语 法 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
词、短语、句子的构造基本一致 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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  • 1. CSET Mandarin Subtest I Mandarin Subtest II Mandarin Subtest IIl
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  • 9. 语言系统的三要素 三、语言系统的三要素   语音、基本词汇和语法式语言的“三要素”。    1 、语音   语音是语言的物质形式。任何语言都是物质形式和意义内容的统一体。   人类的自然语言都是有声语言。   语音就是语言意义的载体。   内容只有借助语音的载负才能获得物质的外在形式。   所以说,语音是构成语言系统的“三要素”之一。    2 、基本词汇   词是语言中可以自由运用的基本单位,是语音和语义的结合体。   词汇是所有离散的词语的集合,是载负语句内容的基本材料。   学习和掌握一种语言,就要掌握足够的词汇量。   所以说,基本词汇是语言的“三要素”之一。    3 、语法   语法是语言单位的结构规则和运用规律。   任何语言都有自己的一套语法系统。   语言的学习和运用、交流和理解都要建立在正确的语法规则之上。   所以说,语法是语言的三要素之一。 返回
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  • 14. 一)复合式   复合式是由词根和词根组成的合成词。词根和词根的组合方式不同,形成该种合成词内部结构方式的差异。主要有以下几种类型:    1 、联合式   联合式复合词由两个意义相同、相近、相关或相反的词根并列组成。例如“城市”“艰难”“制造”“头绪”“骨肉”“禽兽”“岁月”“动静”“得失”“来往”等。构成联合式的各部分之间是平等并列的关系,没有主次之分。    2 、偏正式   偏正式复合词是由前一词根修饰、限制后一词根形成的词。例如“书包”“绿豆”“汉语”“导师”“长跑”“狂欢”“蜂拥”“重视”“牛皮纸”“毛毛雨”等。前后语素之间具有修饰被修饰的关系,起修饰作用的前语素是偏语素,被修饰的后语素是正语素。    3 、补充式   补充式复合词是由后一词根补充、说明前一词根形成的词。例如“提高”“改正”“弄清”“说明”等,前一语素往往表示某种行为动作,后一语素表示动作行为的结果。另有一些补充式如“松树”“梅花”“布匹”“花朵”“泪汪汪”“白茫茫”等,前一语素表示一种事物或现象,后一语素用表示的物类、单位或情状对前语素进行补充说明。    4 、动宾式   动宾式复合词是由前面表示行为动作的词根支配后面表示关涉事物的词根形成的词。例如“知己”“担心”“观光”“吃力”“理事”“负责”“剪彩”“冒险”“动员”“接力”等。前一语素表示行为动作,后一语素表示动作行为所支配的对象。    5 、主谓式   主谓式复合词的前一词根表示被陈述对象 ,后一词根是陈述前一词根的。例如“目击”“地震”“肉麻”“肩负”“霜降”“日食”“事变”“胃下垂”等。前后两个部分是陈述和被陈述的关系。
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