Managing E-Books for a Consortium
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Alan Darnell, Director, Scholars Portal, Ontario Consortium of University Libraries Scholars Portal, an initiative of the Ontario Council of University Libraries, provides technology support for OCUL member libraries in many areas, including virtual reference, citation management services, numeric and geospatial data services, and digital content management. Two of the largest repositories of digitial content managed by Scholars Portal -- an E-Journal collection of 32M articles and an E-Book collection of close to 500,000 texts -- provide an interesting study through contrast of the unique and daunting challenges of managing e-book content. The presentation will look at issues related to consortial acquisition, local loading, metadata management, digital preservation, usage drivers, and student and faculty adoption of ebooks compared to ejournals.
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Managing E-Books for a Consortium
- 1. Managing E-‐Books for a Consor0um NISO Forum: The E-‐Book Renaissance Part II October 18-‐19, 2012 Alan Darnell Director, Scholars Portal
- 4. Journals and Books • Journals is a repository • Books is a repository of of over 26M full text 485,000 Mtles, over documents from 11,400 125,000 current and journals supplemented close to 360,000 by arMcle metadata digiMzed from various from JSTOR and Project Canadian collecMons MUSE, bringing total parMcipaMng in the citaMons to 32.8M and Open Content Alliance 13,492 journals • Adding about 50,000 • Adding about 1M new Mtles each year arMcles each year
- 5. Goals • Reduce cost through collaboraMve purchasing and shared infrastructure • Aggregate content for enhanced discovery • Provide for long-‐term preservaMon of digital resources
- 6. Basic Workflow • License content • Secure local loading and preservaMon rights • Transfer metadata and full-‐text content from publisher • Develop metadata crosswalk and data loader • Load content, capture preservaMon metadata, and perform Q&A • Set up enMtlements • Distribute metadata to SFX and Serials SoluMons • Gather and report staMsMcs in COUNTER format
- 7. Differences • How content is purchased • How metadata and content is supplied • Licenses and Access controls • EnMtlement management • PreservaMon challenges • Usability and accessibility issues • Discovery and use
- 8. E-‐Journal Purchasing Model • Big deals sMll prevalent • Wide buy-‐in from all the OCUL member libraries • Deal directly with publishers
- 9. E-‐Book Purchasing Big Publisher Scholars Deals Portal Approval YBP, Aggregator Plans Ingram Publisher PDA/ Aggregator Aggregator DDA Publisher Publisher
- 10. Ideal E-‐Book World • Develop relaMonship with wholesalers such as YBP to integrate purchasing and local load rights into current approval plans • Libraries able to run their own PDA projects with hosted content
- 11. Supply Journals Books • Established processes to • DistribuMon channels are feed journal content to sMll immature for some various channels smaller presses • Direct feeds from • Intermediaries are publishers common (e.g CoreSource) • High volume, small data • Low volume, large data files, fast turnaround files, slower turnaround • Standard formats (e.g. • Proprietary formats for NLM/JATS DTD) XML content
- 12. E-‐Journals Licensing • Very standard license model – OCUL model license • Perpetual access clauses • TransformaMon rights • DRM free • Unlimited use • ILL rights
- 13. Ebook Restric0ons Full Book Chapter Print Limits Copy & Watermarks Concurrent Downloads Downloads Paste Users Limits Publisher No No 30pp 5pp Yes Unlimited A Publisher Yes Yes No limit No Not 2 users B required Publisher No Yes 10% No Yes Unlimited C 3 year embargo
- 14. Ideal E-‐Book World -‐ Agreement on standard DRM models -‐ DRM expiraMon -‐ Eliminate concurrent use restricMons -‐ ILL allowed
- 15. Metadata and IdenMfiers Journals Books • ArMcle metadata is • No dominant metadata provided as XML format for ebooks • Publishers are adopMng – ONIX is not uniformly NLM/JATS DTD used • DOIs are widely used • DOIs are uncommon (book or chapter level) • ISSNs are generally reliable • ISBNs – too many to be useful for matching
- 16. Access Controls Journals Books • Generally • EnMtlements must be straighlorward; can be handled at Mtle level managed at Mtle and (100,000 Mtles) year level (12,000 Mtles) – Cherry-‐picking from collecMons is common • Title lists are great, but which one do you use?
- 17. Ideal E-‐Book World • Wider use of ONIX standard and open source tools for converMng from ONIX to MARC • Wider use of unique idenMfiers such as DOIs and less reliance on ISBN • Standardized Mtle list format (KBART) and authoritaMve Mtle lists
- 18. PreservaMon Journals Books • Clear license language on • DRM restricMons conflict perpetual access and with preservaMon transformaMon rights requirements – watermarks, concurrent use • Publishers have legal authority to grant • E-‐Book content does not transformaMon rights always replicate print book content – image rights
- 19. Ideal E-‐Book World • DRM free versions for preservaMon purposes • Clearer language around perpetual access and opMons for exercising that right • More opMons for archiving e-‐books
- 20. Accessibility Journals • Most ArMcle PDFs, though not tagged, are readable with screen reading sopware • Full downloads also allow for ingest into Kurzweil and other adapMve technologies
- 21. Accessibility Books • Online page readers with no embedded text are invisible • Chapter downloads are rarely allowed • Full book downloads use encrypMon that make use difficult • Older digiMzed materials can be difficult to read with adapMve technologies
- 22. Usability • CapabiliMes differ depending on DRM restricMons • Poor quality scans for retrospecMve material and rasterized pages for online readers • Inadequate metadata • Limited in-‐book searching
- 23. Ideal E-‐Book World • Move away from online readers • MulMple downloadable formats for different uses • Support downloads in simple formats such as PDF and ePUB • ePUB 3 and the promise of accessible texts
- 24. Discovery Journals Books • OpenURL resolvers • Library Catalogues • A-‐Z lists – Sourcing MARC records is an – Importance of being present issue in KBs • Not present in discovery • Not present directly in layer indexes or in OpenURL discovery layer indexes KBs • Google indexing of • Google indexing of metadata but not full-‐text metadata
- 25. Use • 45,000 daily visits • 1,800 daily visits • 300 concurrent users • 30 concurrent users • 1M arMcle downloads • 20,000 chapter per month downloads; 500,000 • COUNTER staMsMcs page views per year Visitor flow: vast majority Visitor flow: vast majority of traffic comes from of traffic comes from OpenURL resolvers library catalogues
- 26. Ideal E-‐book World • More effecMve metadata workflow from publisher to MARC • More varied channels for discovery than library catalogue • More sophisMcated and shared understanding of ebook use leads to standard measurements
- 27. Steps Forward Purchasing • Secure agreements with publishers to load all content and not just subscribed content – support for PDAs, faster acMvaMon for Mtles purchased on approval plans Licensing • Resist DRM encumbered content / fewer DRM variaMons • Explore models for ILL lending
- 28. Steps Forward Supply • ONIX to MARC conversion tools • KBART for Mtle lists and enMtlement informaMon • Encourage use of DOIs and other idenMfiers Accessibility and Usability • Move away from online reading • MulMple downloadable formats • Move to ePUB3
- 29. Steps Forward PreservaMon • Extend preservaMon pracMces used for journals to ebooks • Ensure licenses include transformaMon rights Discovery and Use • Create packages in popular KBs to enhance discovery • Deal with rights issues related to indexing in discovery systems • Understand use by studying analyMcs