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1. THE
MANAGEMENT
-By-
Vedprakash Arya
12N31A2105
MRCET (AERO-A)

2. Contents...
 Definition
 Characteristics
 Importance
 Levels
 Functions

3. Definition:
“It is a process of designing & maintaining an
environment in which individuals working
together in groups, efficiently to accomplish
selected aims.”
***
The word Management is derived from
Italian word ‘Managgiarc’ means to handle,
especially a horse, which is derived from a Latin
word ‘Manus’ i.e. Hand.

4.  Setting goals for organisation
-Different organisations different goals
e.g. 1) Economical goal-to increase profit
2) Social organisational goal- to provide a better
service
 Awareness of opportunities & resources
e.g. Men, material, money
 Transformation process
e.g. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing and
controlling
 Universal
Universally applicable techniques & principles
 System authority
Command & control
 Co-ordination
Co-operation, working together
 Dynamic
Changing environment & providing challenges
Profession
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5. Importance:
 Effective utilisation of resources
Takes actions to utilise in a best way.
 Development of resources
Human & non-human factors.
 To incorporate innovations
Modification/Acquiring changes.
 Integrating various interested groups
Maximum sharing & combined output.
 Stability in the society
Changing & modifying resources according to the changing
environment

6. LEVELS:
 Top Management
 Upper-middle Management
 Middle Management
 Lower Management
 Operating force/Rank & file workmen

7. Top Management:
Top Management includes:
 Board of directors
 Managing directors
 Chief executives
 General Manager
 Owners
 Share holders
Functions:
 Setting basic goals and objectives
 Expanding or contracting activities
 Establishing policies
 Monitoring performance
 Designing/Redesigning organization system
 Shouldering financial responsibilities etc.

8. Uppe r-Middl e Management :
Upper Middle Management includes:
 Sales executives
 Production executives
 Finance executives
 Accounts executives
 R & D executives
Functions:
 Establishment of the organization
 Selection of staff for lower levels of management
 Installing different departments
 Designing operating policies and routines
 Assigning duties to their subordinates

9. Middl e Management :
Middle Management includes:
 Superintendent
 Branch Managers
 General forcemeat etc.
Functions:
 To co-operate to run organization smoothly
 To understand inter locking of department in major policies
 To achieve co-ordination between different parts of the
organization
 To conduct training for employee development
 To build an efficient company team spirit

10. Lowe r Management :
Lower Management includes:
 Foremen
 Supervisors or charge-hands
 Office Superintendent
 Inspectors etc.
Functions:
 Direct supervision of workers and their work
 Developing and improving work methods operations
 Inspection function
 Imparting instruction to workers
 To give finishing touch to the plans and policies of top
management
 To act as link between top management and operating force
 To communicate the feelings of workers to the top management.

11. Ope r at ing Forc e :
Operating force includes :
Workers
Rank and file workmen
Skilled and Semi-skilled workers
Unskilled workers
Function:
To do work on machines or manually, using tools etc.
To work independently (in case of skilled workers) or under the
guidance of supervisor.

12.  Planning
Involves selecting the objectives, actions to achieve,
decision making, from the various alternatives.
 Organising
Role of each person, who will be doing?, what
should
be known?
 Staffing
Fixed organisational positions
 Directing
Influencing people to contribute to the organization,
involves motivation, leadership styles and proper
communication
 Controlling
Comparing the plans with the results
 Co-ordinating
Essence of management
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13. Ending here to begin again. . . . . .