This document provides an overview of C# and .NET Framework. It discusses the history and evolution of C#, its uses for applications like mobile, web and games. It describes key features of C# like being object-oriented, type safe and having a rich library. It also explains components of .NET Framework like Common Language Runtime, Framework Class Library and Garbage Collector. It introduces Visual Studio as an integrated development environment for C# development.

1. Section: BS in Information Technology - 2A
Day: SAT
Time: 9:00-12:00
Instructor: Percival A. Fernandez, MSIT

3. C# HISTORY
• C# is pronounced as "C-Sharp". It is an object-oriented
programming language provided by Microsoft that runs
on .Net Framework.
• It is based on C++ and Java, but it has many additional
extensions used to perform component oriented
programming approach.
• C# has evolved much since their first release in the
year 2002. It was introduced with .NET Framework 1.0 and
the current version of C# is 5.0.
• Anders Hejlsberg is known as the founder of C# language.

4. C# HISTORY

5. WHAT IS C#?
• C# is pronounced "C-Sharp".
• It is an object-oriented programming language created by Microsoft that runs on
the .NET Framework.
• C# has roots from the C family, and the language is close to other popular
languages like C++ and Java.
• The first version was released in year 2002. The latest version, C# 8, was
released in September 2019.

6. WHAT IS C#?
➢ C# is used for:
• Mobile applications
• Desktop applications
• Web applications
• Web services
• Web sites
• Games
• VR
• Database applications
• And much, much more!

7. WHY USE C#?
• It is one of the most popular programming language in the world
• It is easy to learn and simple to use
• It has a huge community support
• C# is an object oriented language which gives a clear structure to programs
and allows code to be reused, lowering development costs.
• As C# is close to C, C++ and Java, it makes it easy for programmers to switch
to C# or vice versa

8. WHY USE C#?
• C# has many other reasons for being popular and in demand. Few of the
reasons are mentioned below:
• Easy to Start: C# is a high-level language so it is closer to other popular
programming languages like C, C++, and Java and thus becomes easy to
learn for anyone.
• Widely used for developing Desktop and Web Application: C# is widely
used for developing web applications and Desktop applications. It is one of
the most popular languages that is used in professional desktop. If anyone
wants to create Microsoft apps, C# is their first choice.

9. WHY USE C#?
• Community: The larger the community the better it is as new tools and
software will be developing to make it better. C# has a large community so
the developments are done to make it exist in the system and not become
extinct.
• Game Development: C# is widely used in game development and will
continue to dominate. C# integrates with Microsoft and thus has a large
target audience. The C# features such as Automatic Garbage Collection,
interfaces, object-oriented, etc. make C# a popular game developing
language.

10. WHY USE C#?

11. C# FEATURES
C# is object oriented programming language. It provides a lot of features that
are given below.
1.Simple
2.Modern programming language
3.Object oriented
4.Type safe
5.Interoperability
6.Scalable and Updateable
7.Component oriented
8.Structured programming language
9.Rich Library
10.Fast speed

12. C# FEATURES

13. C# FEATURES
1) Simple
C# is a simple language in the sense that it provides structured approach (to
break the problem into parts), rich set of library functions, data types etc.
2) Modern Programming Language
C# programming is based upon the current trend and it is very powerful and
simple for building scalable, interoperable and robust applications.
3) Object Oriented
C# is object oriented programming language. OOPs makes development and
maintenance easier where as in Procedure-oriented programming language it is
not easy to manage if code grows as project size grow.

14. C# FEATURES
4) Type Safe
C# type safe code can only access the memory location that it has permission
to execute. Therefore it improves a security of the program.
5) Interoperability
Interoperability process enables the C# programs to do almost anything that
a native C++ application can do.
6) Scalable and Updateable
C# is automatic scalable and updateable programming language. For
updating our application we delete the old files and update them with new ones.

15. C# FEATURES
7) Component Oriented
C# is component oriented programming language. It is the predominant
software development methodology used to develop more robust and highly
scalable applications.
8) Structured Programming Language
C# is a structured programming language in the sense that we can break the
program into parts using functions. So, it is easy to understand and modify.
9) Rich Library
C# provides a lot of inbuilt functions that makes the development fast.
10) Fast Speed
The compilation and execution time of C# language is fast.

16. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
• .NET is a software framework that is designed and developed by Microsoft.
• It is a virtual machine for compiling and executing programs written in different
languages like C#, VB.Net, etc.
• It is used to develop Form-based applications, Web-based applications, and
Web services. The first version of the .NET framework was 1.0 which came in the
year 2002 and the current version is 4.7.1.
• .NET Framework supports more than 60 programming languages in which C#
and VB.Net are main programming languages.

17. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS

18. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
➢ 1. Common Language Runtime(CLR):
• CLR is the basic and Virtual Machine component of the .NET Framework.
• It is the run-time environment in the .NET Framework that runs the codes
and helps in making the development process easier.
• It is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs regardless
of any .NET programming language.
• It also helps in the management of code, as code that targets the runtime
is known as the Managed Code and code doesn’t target to runtime is
known as Unmanaged code.

19. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
➢ 2. Framework Class Library(FCL):
• It is the collection of reusable, object-oriented class libraries and methods,
etc that can be integrated with CLR.
• Also called the Assemblies. It is just like the header files in C/C++ and
packages in the java.
• Installing .NET framework basically is the installation of CLR and FCL into the
system.

20. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
➢ 3. Common Intermediate Language:
• It is a set of instructions that are platform-independent and are generated
by the language-specific compiler from the source code.
• It is also known as the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL).

21. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
➢ 4. Garbage Collector(GC):
• Automatic memory management is made possible by Garbage Collection in
.NET Framework.
• When a class object is created at runtime, certain memory space is allocated
to it in the heap memory.
• However, after all the actions related to the object are completed in the
program, the memory space allocated to it is a waste as it cannot be used.
In this case, garbage collection is very useful as it automatically releases the
memory space after it is no longer required.
• Garbage collection will always work on Managed Heap and internally it
has an Engine which is known as the Optimization Engine.

22. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
➢ 5. Just-In-Time(JIT) Compiler:
• Just-In-Time compiler(JIT) is a part of Common Language Runtime (CLR) in
.NET which is responsible for managing the execution of .NET programs
regardless of any .NET programming language.
• A language-specific compiler converts the source code to the intermediate
language.
• This intermediate language is then converted into the machine code by the
Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler. This machine code is specific to the computer
environment that the JIT compiler runs on.

23. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
➢ 6. Managed Code:
• A code that is written to aimed to get the services of the managed runtime
environment execution like CLR(Common Language Runtime) in .NET
Framework is known as Managed Code.
• It always implemented by the managed runtime environment instead of
directly executed by the operating system.

24. .NET FRAMEWORK & ITS COMPONENTS
➢ 7. Unmanaged Code:
• A code that is directly executed by the operating system is known as
Unmanaged code.
• It always aimed at the processor architecture and depends upon computer
architecture.
• When this code is compiled it always tends to get a specific architecture and
always runs on that platform.

25. VISUAL STUDIO
• Visual Studio is an Integrated Development Environment(IDE) developed by
Microsoft to develop GUI(Graphical User Interface), console, Web applications,
web apps, mobile apps, cloud, and web services, etc.
• With the help of this IDE, you can create managed code as well as native code.
It uses the various platforms of Microsoft software development software like
Windows store, Microsoft Silverlight, and Windows API, etc. It is not a language-
specific IDE as you can use this to write code in C#, C++, VB(Visual
Basic), Python, JavaScript, and many more languages.
• It provides support for 36 different programming languages. It is available for
Windows as well as for macOS.

26. C# IDE
• The easiest way to get started with C#, is to use an IDE.
• An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is used to edit and compile code.
• In our tutorial, we will use Visual Studio Community, which is free to download
from https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/vs/community/.
• Applications written in C# use the .NET Framework, so it makes sense to use
Visual Studio, as the program, the framework, and the language, are all created
by Microsoft.

27. REFERENCES:
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/c-sharp-tutorial/
• https://www.w3schools.com/cs/cs_intro.php
• https://www.pluralsight.com/paths/csharp
• https://www.javatpoint.com/csharp-history