An Introduction to C Programming.

1. INTRODUCTION TO C

4. Steps in learning C Character Set Programs Instructions Tokens

5. C Character Set C Character Set Execution Character Set Source Character Set Special Characters Digits Alphabets Escape Sequence White Spaces

7. Source Character Set Letters a to z ,A to Z Digits 0 to 9 Special Characters ! @ # $ % ^ & * ( ) _ - + = | { } [ ] etc,. White Spaces Blank Space ,Horizontal tab, New line, Vertical tab etc,.

10. Executable Character Set Characters Escape Sequence Back Space Horizontal Space Vertical Space Newline

12. C Tokens (Cont) C Tokens Identifiers Eg:main, avg Keywords Eg: int, for operators Eg: + - Strings Eg: “ab” spI symbol Eg: # $ % Constants Eg:17, 15.5

13. Executing a C Program Creating the Program Compilation Linking Execution

16. Structure of C program DOCUMENTATION SECTION PREPROCESSOR SECTION DEFINITION SECTION GLOBAL DECLARATION SECTION main() { Declaration part; Executable Part; } sub program section { Body of the subprogram; }

26. Examples of Valid and Invalid Names

32. Constants Constants Character Constants Numeric Constants Real Constant Integer Constant String Constant Single Character Constant

40. Standard Data Types These Standard type can be used to build more complex data types called Derived Types (e.g. pointers, array, union etc.).

41. Data types Data type Size(bytes) Range Format string Char 1 -128 to 127 %c int 2 -32,768 to 32,767 %d Float 4 3.4 e-38 to 3.4 e+38 %f Double 8 1.7 e-308 to 1.7 e+308 %lf

47. Entire Data types in c: Data type Size(bytes) Range Format string Char 1 128 to 127 %c Unsigned char 1 0 to 255 %c Short or int 2 -32,768 to 32,767 %i or %d Unsigned int 2 0 to 65535 %u Long 4 -2147483648 to 2147483647 %ld Unsigned long 4 0 to 4294967295 %lu Float 4 3.4 e-38 to 3.4 e+38 %f or %g Double 8 1.7 e-308 to 1.7 e+308 %lf Long Double 10 3.4 e-4932 to 1.1 e+4932 %lf

51. Division operator on Different Data Type Operation Result Example int/int int 5/2 = 2 int/real real 5/2.0 = 2.5 real/int real 5.0/2 = 2.5 real/real real 5.0/2.0 = 2.5

76. Precedence Operator High * , / , % Low + , -

81. Input/Output Function Input/Output Function Unformatted Formatted Output printf() fprintf() Input scanf() fscanf() Input getc() gets() getchar() Output putc() puts() putchar()

83. Formatted Input and Output

85. Format of printf Statement

87. Format of scanf Statement

98. NESTED IF… ELSE If Condition 1 False Statements True If Condition 2 True False True statements False statements

100. IF…ELSE LADDER Condition 1 Statements Condition 2 Statements Condition 3 Statements Statements TRUE TRUE TRUE FALSE FALSE FALSE

111. for loop Initialization condition False Body of the loop Inc / Decrement

115. CASE structure Case 1 Case 2 Default case Switch