Malcolm X was an influential African American leader who advocated for black rights and empowerment. He was born Malcolm Little in 1925 and later changed his name to Malcolm X, rejecting his slave name. Malcolm X was assassinated in 1965 at the age of 39 in New York City. He famously said that black people must take freedom and equality for themselves rather than waiting for others to grant it. His teachings continued to impact the civil rights movement after his death.