World Malaria Day is observed annually on April 25th to recognize global efforts to control malaria. The 2022 theme was "Time to deliver Zero Malaria: invest, innovate, implement". An estimated 247 million malaria cases and 619,000 deaths were reported worldwide in 2022, including over 45,000 cases in India. Malaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium which is spread via the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Common symptoms include fever, chills, and headaches. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent severe illness and death from malaria. Key interventions to control malaria include early detection and treatment of cases, strengthening prevention and control measures, and reducing mosquito breeding

1. World Malaria Day
Theme : Time to deliver Zero Malaria : invest, innovate, implement
Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
oSDVj tfur jksx fu;a=.k dk;ZØe
National Health Mission, Uttarakhand
jk"Vªh; LokLF; fe'ku mŸkjk[k.M
Dr. Pankaj Singh,
State Programme Officer Incharge NVBDCP,
NHM, Dte. Of HFW, Uttarakhand

2. • World malaria day is an international Observance
commemorated every year on 25 April and
recognizes global efforts to control Malaria.
• An estimated 247 million cases and 619,000
deaths in the 2022 reported in all over world.
• In 2022 in India, there were over 45 thousand
reported cases of malaria.
Malaria

3. What is Malaria?
• Caused By Parasite Plasmodium
• By infected female anopheles Mosquitoes
• Parasite Spread by Mosquito bite
Anopheles sps.

4. Species of Mosquitoes
Anopheles stephensi
Urban malaria vector
Anopheles culicifacies
Rural malaria vector

5. Breeding Places of Mosquitoes
Ponds Irrigation Canal Slow running Water
• During the rainy season, rain pools and water bodies created by the seasonal
River serve as the main breeding sites.
• In the dry season, irrigation canals, seepage from water pipes, neglected wells,
artificial containers, and man-made ditches serve as the main breeding sites.

6. Types of malaria Organism
Four types of Plasmodium can infect human and cause illness
• Plasmodium vivax (P. Vivax)
• Plasmodium falciparum (P. Falciparum)
• Plasmodium malariae (P. Malariae)
• Plasmodium ovale (P. ovale)

7. How is malaria transmitted
• Usually , people get malaria by being bitten by an infective female
Anopheles mosquito.
• Only Anopheles mosquito can transmit malaria and they must have
been infected through a previous blood meal taken from an infected
person.

8. Sign and Symptoms of Malaria
Symptom of malaria include
• High grade fever with shaking
chills
• Headache
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Diarrhoea may also occur
Note- if not promptly treated the infection
can become severe and may cause kidney
failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma
and death
Incubation period –
Symptoms begin 10 days to 4 weeks
after infection, although a person may
fell ill as early as 7 days or as 1 year
later.

9. Malaria Diagnosis
• Prompt parasitological confirmation by Microscopy or alternatively by
RDTs is recommended in all suspected malaria patient before treatment
is started.
Microscopy RDT

10. Treatment of Malaria

11. Key Interventions
1. Massive scaling up of existing disease management and preventive
approaches
2. Screening of all fever cases and Early detection and treatment of all cases of
malaria
3. Mandatory notification of each case of malaria from the private hospitals or any
other health facility.
4. Classification of areas as per local malaria epidemiology and grading of areas
as per risk of malaria transmission followed by implementation of tailored
interventions.
5. Strengthening of intersectoral collaboration.
6. Special interventions for high risk groups such as tribal populations and
populations residing in conflict affected or hard-to-reach areas.
7. Timely referral and treatment of severe malaria cases to reduce malaria-related
mortality.
8. Strengthening all district and sub district hospitals as per Indian Public Health
Standards with facilities for management of severe malaria cases.

12. • Do not allow water to accumulate around the house and fill soil in water-filled
pits.
• Keep all the water utensils, tanks etc. covered completely
• Dry the utensils and pots of animals and birds once a week
• Do not allow water to stagnate in drains and drains and clean them regularly.
• Use mesh in the windows and doors of the house.
• Use mosquito net while sleeping.
• If you have symptoms of malaria, visit the nearest health center for
examination and treatment.
Preventive and control measures for malaria