Around the globe, governments have passed laws phasing out traditional #incandescent light #bulbs citing reasons tied to #environmental #sustainability. This presentation explores the topic through the lens of the most commonly cited alternative options: compact fluorescent lamps (#CFL) and light emitting diode (#LED) bulbs. The presentation examines the advantages and disadvantages of each option and evaluates other sustainable lighting options, such as #halogen light bulbs. Included is a cost/benefit analysis and the importance of recycling both CFL and LED light bulbs. From multiple perspectives. you will learn how easy or difficult it is to transition to these alternatives and #recycling them once they reach end-of-life.
The document discusses energy conservation and climate change. It defines energy conservation as any behavior that results in less energy usage, such as turning off lights. It states that climate change poses a serious threat and that global temperatures are rising at an unprecedented rate due to human activity like carbon dioxide emissions. The document advocates for addressing this issue through improving energy efficiency in technology and changing energy-consuming behaviors to use less energy and reduce waste.
Air Purifier Window with a Self-Cleaning System and Solar PanelOzodbek Kuchkarov
Air purifier window with a self-cleaning system and solar panel clears the air from allergens, pollutants, toxic gases, and blows it to the room in the given temperature. The window cleans itself from both, the inner and outer sides automatically. All the tools are controlled by a remote control device and they use the electric power generated by solar panels, constructed to the parts of window frame and edges of window glass.
Nowadays, a lot of megapolises have problems with air pollution, many urban people suffer from allergic diseases and traditional energy resources are becoming extinct. In addition, elderlies and the people with disabilities are no longer considered as vulnerable, on the contrary, they are trying to be independent with the help of modern technologies and asking for more useful devices.
Air purifier window with a self-cleaning system and solar panel can address all the above-mentioned problems.
Intelligent lighting systems can automate lighting control to save energy and provide convenience. They involve controlling lights remotely through timers, sensors, or wireless networks. This allows adjusting lighting based on factors like daylight or occupancy. Intelligent lighting saves 19% of energy used for lighting worldwide by automating control. Examples of intelligent lighting methods include daylight dimming, occupancy sensors, and wireless lighting networks that can control multiple lights from a central system or mobile device. Applications include using sensors in offices, homes, streets, and corridors to automatically adjust lighting levels based on presence or daylight.
The document describes the eco-friendly features of the author's house. Some key features are solar panels to generate electricity, holes in the roof to promote air flow and reduce need for air conditioning, motion detectors for outdoor lights to save energy, and windows to harness sunlight for heating and lighting. Recycled materials are used in construction to reduce environmental impact. The goal is to build a sustainable home that limits pollution and waste through these eco-friendly design choices.
Energy Policy: Global, National, LocalDeepa Sanyal
The document discusses energy policy at both the national and state level in the United States. At the national level, it outlines components of potential bipartisan energy policies, including reducing oil consumption, investing in renewable energy and efficiency, and enacting new protections for oil drilling. For North Carolina, it summarizes the state's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard and findings from the North Carolina Sustainable Energy Association's 2010 census on the renewable energy and efficiency industry. The census found over 1,100 firms in these industries employing over 12,500 people in North Carolina.
Process of converting solar thermal energy (heat) into conditioned air.
Eco-friendly as well as Energy-efficient.
Can be operated with green resources of heat as backup resources when solar radiation is unavailable
1) The document presents a project on solar air conditioning by six students guided by an assistant professor.
2) It aims to provide pollution-free refrigeration using solar energy to minimize environmental impact and fuel costs.
3) The key components are solar panels, a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Solar energy is converted to electricity to power the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
energy conservation / how to conserve/ save energysaksham123ska
please open your hearts and give likes i will thank you if you will give me likes i am saksham kaushal i read in KIIT world school in delhi , india i am a student of class 6the if you see any changes in ppt please mail me at sakshamsci7@gmail.com and if you need any help mail me at same please please please please please please please please give more and more like so that i can upload more ppt thanks to all those you had given likes to tell your friends and give me more and more likes thankssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss to allllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll those have givennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
likessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
The document discusses energy conservation and climate change. It defines energy conservation as any behavior that results in less energy usage, such as turning off lights. It states that climate change poses a serious threat and that global temperatures are rising at an unprecedented rate due to human activity like carbon dioxide emissions. The document advocates for addressing this issue through improving energy efficiency in technology and changing energy-consuming behaviors to use less energy and reduce waste.
Air Purifier Window with a Self-Cleaning System and Solar PanelOzodbek Kuchkarov
Air purifier window with a self-cleaning system and solar panel clears the air from allergens, pollutants, toxic gases, and blows it to the room in the given temperature. The window cleans itself from both, the inner and outer sides automatically. All the tools are controlled by a remote control device and they use the electric power generated by solar panels, constructed to the parts of window frame and edges of window glass.
Nowadays, a lot of megapolises have problems with air pollution, many urban people suffer from allergic diseases and traditional energy resources are becoming extinct. In addition, elderlies and the people with disabilities are no longer considered as vulnerable, on the contrary, they are trying to be independent with the help of modern technologies and asking for more useful devices.
Air purifier window with a self-cleaning system and solar panel can address all the above-mentioned problems.
Intelligent lighting systems can automate lighting control to save energy and provide convenience. They involve controlling lights remotely through timers, sensors, or wireless networks. This allows adjusting lighting based on factors like daylight or occupancy. Intelligent lighting saves 19% of energy used for lighting worldwide by automating control. Examples of intelligent lighting methods include daylight dimming, occupancy sensors, and wireless lighting networks that can control multiple lights from a central system or mobile device. Applications include using sensors in offices, homes, streets, and corridors to automatically adjust lighting levels based on presence or daylight.
The document describes the eco-friendly features of the author's house. Some key features are solar panels to generate electricity, holes in the roof to promote air flow and reduce need for air conditioning, motion detectors for outdoor lights to save energy, and windows to harness sunlight for heating and lighting. Recycled materials are used in construction to reduce environmental impact. The goal is to build a sustainable home that limits pollution and waste through these eco-friendly design choices.
Energy Policy: Global, National, LocalDeepa Sanyal
The document discusses energy policy at both the national and state level in the United States. At the national level, it outlines components of potential bipartisan energy policies, including reducing oil consumption, investing in renewable energy and efficiency, and enacting new protections for oil drilling. For North Carolina, it summarizes the state's Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard and findings from the North Carolina Sustainable Energy Association's 2010 census on the renewable energy and efficiency industry. The census found over 1,100 firms in these industries employing over 12,500 people in North Carolina.
Process of converting solar thermal energy (heat) into conditioned air.
Eco-friendly as well as Energy-efficient.
Can be operated with green resources of heat as backup resources when solar radiation is unavailable
1) The document presents a project on solar air conditioning by six students guided by an assistant professor.
2) It aims to provide pollution-free refrigeration using solar energy to minimize environmental impact and fuel costs.
3) The key components are solar panels, a compressor, condenser, expansion valve, and evaporator. Solar energy is converted to electricity to power the vapor compression refrigeration cycle.
energy conservation / how to conserve/ save energysaksham123ska
please open your hearts and give likes i will thank you if you will give me likes i am saksham kaushal i read in KIIT world school in delhi , india i am a student of class 6the if you see any changes in ppt please mail me at sakshamsci7@gmail.com and if you need any help mail me at same please please please please please please please please give more and more like so that i can upload more ppt thanks to all those you had given likes to tell your friends and give me more and more likes thankssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss to allllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll those have givennnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn meeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee
likessssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss
This document discusses energy conservation. It notes that energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed. It then gives reasons to conserve energy such as limited fossil fuels on Earth and increasing energy demands. Methods of conserving energy are also presented, such as switching off lights and electronics when not in use to reduce unnecessary energy usage. Renewable and non-renewable energy sources are also briefly discussed.
Energy Conservation Opportunities in industries at GCETJIGNESH PATEL
This document discusses opportunities for energy conservation in industries. It focuses on identifying major energy consuming equipment and systems and recommendations for improving their efficiency. Key areas covered include boilers and steam systems, compressed air, HVAC, pumps, fans/blowers, and electric motors. For each system, inefficiencies are identified and potential solutions proposed, such as improving maintenance, reducing air leaks, optimizing operations, and installing variable speed controls. The overall goal is to evaluate current energy usage and determine methods for quick savings through both operational and equipment improvements.
This presentation discusses hydrogen fuel cells as a clean energy alternative. It provides an overview of the history and principle of fuel cells, focusing on hydrogen fuel cells. The key advantages are their high efficiency, low emissions that produce only water, and potential to power vehicles. Challenges include currently high costs, unknown long-term durability, and lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The future potential of hydrogen fuel cells is discussed as the technology continues to develop.
components of a green home...different kinds of green homes..What makes these homes special and different from others is that they are built with ecological recyclable and renewable materials
This document provides an overview of energy conservation techniques across multiple sectors including industrial, power generation, transportation, agriculture, and domestic. In the industrial sector, it outlines strategies for conserving thermal and electrical energy in areas like furnaces, boilers, lighting, compressed air, refrigeration, and cooling towers. For power generation, it discusses performance improvement of existing plants. In cement industry, it lists operational measures and strategies for areas like fuel, air compressors, motors, transformers, and lighting. For transportation, agriculture, and domestic sectors, it provides high-level strategies for conserving energy in activities like driving, irrigation pumps, cooking, washing machines, refrigerators, and air conditioners.
This document discusses sustainable energy and power sources. It defines renewable energy as energy from natural resources that are replenished within a human lifetime without long-term environmental damage. The major renewable resources described are solar, thermal, wind, tidal, wave, hydroelectric, biomass and geothermal energy. It then provides details on each type of energy source, including their advantages and disadvantages. Energy efficiency technologies are also discussed to improve energy usage.
The document discusses different types of energy sources, including renewable and non-renewable sources. It provides examples of non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and discusses renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy given that non-renewable fuel sources are limited and calls on individuals, especially children, to do their part to reduce energy consumption both at home and at school.
“SEMINAR REPORT ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
The document discusses energy conservation and reducing carbon footprints. It notes that current fuel reserves will be depleted within 75 years if consumption continues at the current rate. Some tips provided to reduce carbon footprints include switching off lights when not needed and replacing light bulbs with more efficient options. The document advocates for utilizing renewable energy sources like solar power and provides an example of financial savings from installing solar panels for water heating. It encourages individuals to conduct energy audits and adopt more efficient behaviors and technologies to conserve energy and reduce emissions.
The document discusses lighting design procedures for street lighting. It outlines that street lighting is essential for visibility and avoids hard shadows that are difficult in outdoor open areas. It describes two main principles for street lighting - diffusion, which provides uniform illumination using a reflector, and specular reflection, which can cause silhouetting of obstructions over 25 meters away when light hits the road at a high angle. It also classifies street lighting into classes A, H, and C based on recommended light levels for different areas.
This document discusses bio-batteries as a next generation fuel source. It provides background on bio-batteries, noting they generate electricity from renewable fuels like glucose. The principles of bio-batteries are explained, including their mechanism which uses enzymes to break down glucose, producing electrons and protons to generate electricity. Various types are described along with demonstrations showing their potential applications in devices. Advantages include being eco-friendly and having an instantly rechargeable fuel source, though limitations exist in energy storage compared to lithium batteries. The future potential of bio-batteries is explored, with researchers working to advance their development and practicality as an alternative energy source.
Kamilia Broderick describes plans for an eco-friendly house using local and sustainable materials like wood, wool insulation, and solar panels to reduce embodied energy and be less damaging to the environment. The house features triple glazed windows, extra loft insulation, low-flow fixtures, motion sensor lights, and other energy efficient designs to minimize costs and resource usage. Diagrams showcase the wooden walls and floors as well as sustainable features like solar water heating.
Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption through more efficient energy use and decreased energy consumption from conventional sources. This can increase financial, environmental, and human well-being. Individuals and organizations conserve energy to reduce costs and increase economic security, while industrial and commercial users aim to maximize profits. Passive solar building design techniques allow buildings to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling. Responsibility for energy conservation in the UK falls primarily to the Department of Energy and Climate Change.
The document discusses the features of houses of the future. It describes how these houses will use renewable energies like biomass and wind power. It estimates the cost of one of these ecological houses would be about 300,000 pounds. It also outlines some key aspects of these future homes, including that they will have electric cars that can charge using the houses' wind energy, be made from recycled materials, and have energy efficient appliances and low consumption light bulbs. The houses will also include small orchard gardens.
Solar water heaters(http://www.slideshare.net/danielvhenny/benefits-of-solar-water-heater-to-the-human-society) are very helpful to the folks in day-to-day life. It contains two types of collector, in which the suitable collectors are installed in the home according to homeowner needs. This slide shows full details about evacuated tube collectors specifications and their advantages.
Green Living is a lifestyle that attempts to reduce an individual's or society's use of the earth's natural resources and personal resources.
Practitioners of sustainable living often attempt to reduce their carbon footprint by altering methods of transportation, energy consumption, and diet.
Eco-friendly houses differ from normal houses in several key ways. Normal houses rely on electricity and LPG gas, whereas eco-friendly houses utilize solar, wind, and biogas energy sources. Eco-friendly houses also have larger windows to allow more natural light, use more sustainable building materials like wood and stone, incorporate composting of household waste, and plant gardens for growing food using rainwater. They aim to reduce energy and resource consumption compared to traditional homes.
This document describes a low cost fire alarm circuit project. It includes an introduction to fire alarms and their importance. The circuit uses transistors as heat sensors to detect a fire and trigger a relay connected to alarms. When the temperature rises, the leakage current of one transistor increases, biasing a second one on and activating the relay. The circuit provides fire detection at low cost with simple components and circuitry. It has advantages of low price, ease of use and portability but cannot detect extremely high temperatures. The summary aims to capture the key purpose, components, working and benefits of the circuit in 3 sentences or less.
SOLAR STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM SHOULD BE USED TO DECREASE THE ENERGY DEMAND IN HIGHWAYS ALSO RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES CAN BE UTILIZED MORE AND MORE TO REDUCE THE MASSIVE USES OF FOSSIL FUELS WHICH ARE EXTINGUISHABLE.
Thomas Edison created the light bulb on October 22, 1878. The light bulb works by heating a thin filament with an electric current until it glows, producing light. While the first light bulb was simpler and less practical than modern light bulbs, it significantly improved people's lives by providing artificial light after dark, allowing activities like cooking, reading, and homework to be done inside the home.
Humphrey Davy created the first electric light in 1800 using an arc lamp with wires connected to a battery and charcoal. However, this early design was not practical for home use due to its high power needs. Thomas Edison later developed the incandescent light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament inside an oxygen-free glass bulb, which could last over 40 hours. Over the decades, light bulbs were improved through new materials and designs like fluorescent lights and LEDs to increase efficiency and capacity.
This document discusses energy conservation. It notes that energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed. It then gives reasons to conserve energy such as limited fossil fuels on Earth and increasing energy demands. Methods of conserving energy are also presented, such as switching off lights and electronics when not in use to reduce unnecessary energy usage. Renewable and non-renewable energy sources are also briefly discussed.
Energy Conservation Opportunities in industries at GCETJIGNESH PATEL
This document discusses opportunities for energy conservation in industries. It focuses on identifying major energy consuming equipment and systems and recommendations for improving their efficiency. Key areas covered include boilers and steam systems, compressed air, HVAC, pumps, fans/blowers, and electric motors. For each system, inefficiencies are identified and potential solutions proposed, such as improving maintenance, reducing air leaks, optimizing operations, and installing variable speed controls. The overall goal is to evaluate current energy usage and determine methods for quick savings through both operational and equipment improvements.
This presentation discusses hydrogen fuel cells as a clean energy alternative. It provides an overview of the history and principle of fuel cells, focusing on hydrogen fuel cells. The key advantages are their high efficiency, low emissions that produce only water, and potential to power vehicles. Challenges include currently high costs, unknown long-term durability, and lack of hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The future potential of hydrogen fuel cells is discussed as the technology continues to develop.
components of a green home...different kinds of green homes..What makes these homes special and different from others is that they are built with ecological recyclable and renewable materials
This document provides an overview of energy conservation techniques across multiple sectors including industrial, power generation, transportation, agriculture, and domestic. In the industrial sector, it outlines strategies for conserving thermal and electrical energy in areas like furnaces, boilers, lighting, compressed air, refrigeration, and cooling towers. For power generation, it discusses performance improvement of existing plants. In cement industry, it lists operational measures and strategies for areas like fuel, air compressors, motors, transformers, and lighting. For transportation, agriculture, and domestic sectors, it provides high-level strategies for conserving energy in activities like driving, irrigation pumps, cooking, washing machines, refrigerators, and air conditioners.
This document discusses sustainable energy and power sources. It defines renewable energy as energy from natural resources that are replenished within a human lifetime without long-term environmental damage. The major renewable resources described are solar, thermal, wind, tidal, wave, hydroelectric, biomass and geothermal energy. It then provides details on each type of energy source, including their advantages and disadvantages. Energy efficiency technologies are also discussed to improve energy usage.
The document discusses different types of energy sources, including renewable and non-renewable sources. It provides examples of non-renewable sources like fossil fuels and discusses renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, biomass and tidal energy. The document emphasizes the importance of conserving energy given that non-renewable fuel sources are limited and calls on individuals, especially children, to do their part to reduce energy consumption both at home and at school.
“SEMINAR REPORT ON SOLAR ASSISTED VAPOUR ADSORPTION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM”Bhagvat Wadekar
SUMMARY
The range of COP for the Solar VAdRS is 0.2 - 0.7. The development of adsorption system for refrigeration is promising. An overall thermodynamics-based comparison of sorption systems shows that the performance of adsorption systems depends highly on both the adsorption pairs and processes. The technology continues to develop and the cost of producing power with solar thermal adsorption refrigeration is falling. If the costs of fossil fuels, transportation, energy conversion, electricity transmission and system maintenance are taken into account, the cost of energy produced by solar thermal adsorption systems would be much lower than that for conventional refrigeration systems.
The intermittent system has its simplicity and cost effectiveness. However, the main disadvantages such as long adsorption/desorption time have become obstacles for commercial production of the system. Hence, to compete with conventional vapor compression technologies, more efforts should be made in enhancing the COP and SCP. The environmental benefits of this technology and its non-dependence on conventional energy sources makes it highly attractive for further developments and a potential alternative to conventional systems in the future. The future of solar refrigeration and air conditioning seems to be a very good proposition and no doubt will find its place in future industrial applications. The major limiting factor at present is the shape of energy so as to make it available whenever it is required, for example at nights and extended cloudy days when we cannot attain a high enough temperature.
The document discusses energy conservation and reducing carbon footprints. It notes that current fuel reserves will be depleted within 75 years if consumption continues at the current rate. Some tips provided to reduce carbon footprints include switching off lights when not needed and replacing light bulbs with more efficient options. The document advocates for utilizing renewable energy sources like solar power and provides an example of financial savings from installing solar panels for water heating. It encourages individuals to conduct energy audits and adopt more efficient behaviors and technologies to conserve energy and reduce emissions.
The document discusses lighting design procedures for street lighting. It outlines that street lighting is essential for visibility and avoids hard shadows that are difficult in outdoor open areas. It describes two main principles for street lighting - diffusion, which provides uniform illumination using a reflector, and specular reflection, which can cause silhouetting of obstructions over 25 meters away when light hits the road at a high angle. It also classifies street lighting into classes A, H, and C based on recommended light levels for different areas.
This document discusses bio-batteries as a next generation fuel source. It provides background on bio-batteries, noting they generate electricity from renewable fuels like glucose. The principles of bio-batteries are explained, including their mechanism which uses enzymes to break down glucose, producing electrons and protons to generate electricity. Various types are described along with demonstrations showing their potential applications in devices. Advantages include being eco-friendly and having an instantly rechargeable fuel source, though limitations exist in energy storage compared to lithium batteries. The future potential of bio-batteries is explored, with researchers working to advance their development and practicality as an alternative energy source.
Kamilia Broderick describes plans for an eco-friendly house using local and sustainable materials like wood, wool insulation, and solar panels to reduce embodied energy and be less damaging to the environment. The house features triple glazed windows, extra loft insulation, low-flow fixtures, motion sensor lights, and other energy efficient designs to minimize costs and resource usage. Diagrams showcase the wooden walls and floors as well as sustainable features like solar water heating.
Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption through more efficient energy use and decreased energy consumption from conventional sources. This can increase financial, environmental, and human well-being. Individuals and organizations conserve energy to reduce costs and increase economic security, while industrial and commercial users aim to maximize profits. Passive solar building design techniques allow buildings to collect, store, and distribute solar energy for heating and cooling. Responsibility for energy conservation in the UK falls primarily to the Department of Energy and Climate Change.
The document discusses the features of houses of the future. It describes how these houses will use renewable energies like biomass and wind power. It estimates the cost of one of these ecological houses would be about 300,000 pounds. It also outlines some key aspects of these future homes, including that they will have electric cars that can charge using the houses' wind energy, be made from recycled materials, and have energy efficient appliances and low consumption light bulbs. The houses will also include small orchard gardens.
Solar water heaters(http://www.slideshare.net/danielvhenny/benefits-of-solar-water-heater-to-the-human-society) are very helpful to the folks in day-to-day life. It contains two types of collector, in which the suitable collectors are installed in the home according to homeowner needs. This slide shows full details about evacuated tube collectors specifications and their advantages.
Green Living is a lifestyle that attempts to reduce an individual's or society's use of the earth's natural resources and personal resources.
Practitioners of sustainable living often attempt to reduce their carbon footprint by altering methods of transportation, energy consumption, and diet.
Eco-friendly houses differ from normal houses in several key ways. Normal houses rely on electricity and LPG gas, whereas eco-friendly houses utilize solar, wind, and biogas energy sources. Eco-friendly houses also have larger windows to allow more natural light, use more sustainable building materials like wood and stone, incorporate composting of household waste, and plant gardens for growing food using rainwater. They aim to reduce energy and resource consumption compared to traditional homes.
This document describes a low cost fire alarm circuit project. It includes an introduction to fire alarms and their importance. The circuit uses transistors as heat sensors to detect a fire and trigger a relay connected to alarms. When the temperature rises, the leakage current of one transistor increases, biasing a second one on and activating the relay. The circuit provides fire detection at low cost with simple components and circuitry. It has advantages of low price, ease of use and portability but cannot detect extremely high temperatures. The summary aims to capture the key purpose, components, working and benefits of the circuit in 3 sentences or less.
SOLAR STREET LIGHTING SYSTEM SHOULD BE USED TO DECREASE THE ENERGY DEMAND IN HIGHWAYS ALSO RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES CAN BE UTILIZED MORE AND MORE TO REDUCE THE MASSIVE USES OF FOSSIL FUELS WHICH ARE EXTINGUISHABLE.
Thomas Edison created the light bulb on October 22, 1878. The light bulb works by heating a thin filament with an electric current until it glows, producing light. While the first light bulb was simpler and less practical than modern light bulbs, it significantly improved people's lives by providing artificial light after dark, allowing activities like cooking, reading, and homework to be done inside the home.
Humphrey Davy created the first electric light in 1800 using an arc lamp with wires connected to a battery and charcoal. However, this early design was not practical for home use due to its high power needs. Thomas Edison later developed the incandescent light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament inside an oxygen-free glass bulb, which could last over 40 hours. Over the decades, light bulbs were improved through new materials and designs like fluorescent lights and LEDs to increase efficiency and capacity.
The document discusses the evolution and development of airplanes over time. It describes some key components and characteristics of airplanes, such as fuselages, wings, tails, undercarriages, and flight controls. It also mentions different types of propulsion systems used in airplanes, such as piston engines and jets. The document notes that future airplanes will aim to be faster, more comfortable for passengers, and have greater passenger capacity. It provides information about a company called Future Aviation Inc. that performs maintenance and repairs on airplane components. The document also discusses flight simulators and their use for training pilots, as well as Microsoft Flight Simulator specifically.
The document is a template for a presentation slide about a light bulb. It contains several slides with images of light bulbs and text boxes that can be edited. The key features are that the slides contain pre-designed light bulb images, the text boxes and images can be customized, and the slides are designed to draw attention and engage an audience.
The document summarizes the history of the light bulb, including its key components and manufacturing process. It discusses how Thomas Edison was able to create an effective version through developing an incandescent material, high vacuum, and high resistance filament. The document also profiles Thomas Edison and his work developing the light bulb, as well as British inventor Joseph Wilson Swan who worked on early carbon filament designs.
The document traces the evolution of airplanes from early gliders and kites to modern passenger jets. Key developments include the Wright Brothers' first flight in 1903, the use of airplanes in World War I which advanced technology, and breakthroughs like the jet engine in World War II which led to the Jet Age. Hybrid aircraft were attempted by combining planes with helicopters, rockets, boats, and cars. Growing markets and infrastructure helped make passenger air travel mainstream. Plane engines evolved from car engines to become lighter, higher power, and more efficient.
The document discusses the history and development of airplanes from the Wright Brothers' first powered flight in 1903 to modern jet airliners. It describes how the Wright Flyer worked by generating lift from its specially shaped wings. It then discusses how airplanes were used in World War I and the development of commercial flights in the 1920s using small propeller planes. Later developments included the use of planes for exploration, in World War II with more advanced propeller-driven bombers and fighters, and the introduction of jet planes after the war which became the standard for passenger and military aviation. The document concludes that planes have transformed long-distance transportation over the past 110 years.
Humphrey Davy created the first electric light in 1800 using an arc lamp with wires connected to a battery and piece of coal. Thomas Edison later invented the first practical light bulb in 1879 using a carbon filament inside an oxygen-free glass bulb that lasted 40 hours. Over the years, improvements were made such as adjustable power beams, fluorescent lighting, halogen bulbs, and the first LED in the 1940s-50s to make lighting more efficient and eco-friendly.
Growth of internet in world as well as specifically in India.
A huge difference found between 90's condition of Internet and Today;s condition in world which is shortly describe in PPT.
This document compares the energy efficiency of different types of light bulbs: halogen incandescents, CFLs (compact fluorescent lamps), and LEDs (light emitting diodes). It states that halogen incandescents are more efficient than traditional incandescents but still waste most of their energy as heat. CFLs use one-fourth the energy of incandescents and last 10 times longer. LEDs are the most efficient, using only 20-25% of the energy of incandescents and lasting up to 25 times longer, making them the clear winner despite their higher upfront cost.
Solar Light Manufacturers: SEECOL is a leading Solar Lights Manufacturers in India with professional and experienced team to serve our clients and keep our LED Light and LED Street Light products contain the leading technology.
LED bulbs will soon replace the incandescent and CFL bulbs soon; it is the future. Why? LED bulbs are not only environment friendly but these are easy on our pocket. It is a rare combination that will make LED the most popular lighting option in the future.
LED light bulbs are more environmentally friendly and cost effective than incandescent and CFL bulbs. LED bulbs convert energy directly into light with no wasted heat, last longer, and come in various colors and brightness levels. They do not contain mercury like CFL bulbs. The LED Light.com offers a wide range of LED bulb options, from traditional to stylish designs, as well as LED fluorescent tubes, making it a one-stop shop for LED lighting needs.
Today, a plethora of lighting products gives consumers the power to choose according to their specifications, within acceptable price ranges. Savings to consumers can be calculated not only in terms of money and replacement frequency but also energy consumption and environmental impact.
With the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 having concluded its last phase of converting the U.S.A. into a more energy-efficient, light consuming country, it has gotten easier to have consumers turn to more
energy-saving light bulbs, i.e., the LED bulb, as opposed to incandescent and fluorescent bulbs.
Our vision is to save energy for our future generations, while we continue protecting our environment. While you choose USA LED, we assure you, you will never miss out any moment of splendid lights and aura and instead will be able to reduce the value of what you enjoy.
The document discusses the benefits of LED lighting compared to traditional lighting sources. It notes that LED lights use less energy, last longer, and come in a variety of applications including street lights, outdoor lights, and retrofit lights. Specific benefits highlighted include energy savings of 80%, lifespan of 50-100 times longer than traditional bulbs, and lower maintenance costs. Solar LED lights are also discussed as they do not require electricity, with examples given such as solar lanterns, street lights, and garden lights.
Consumer Federation of America and Consumers Union are releasing a simple guide to help consumers understand the new lighting choices they will have under the new light bulb law taking effect January 1, 2012. While a serious matter, the guide is entitled: How Many Tips Does it Take to Change a Light Bulb?, the two page guide provides 8 tips to selecting a new light bulb simpler.
Compact fluorescent light bulbs (CFLs) are more energy efficient than incandescent bulbs, using only one-third the energy to produce the same amount of light. Widespread adoption of CFLs could save Americans $24 billion per year in energy costs and reduce household greenhouse gas emissions by up to 10%. While CFLs contain small amounts of mercury, their increased use would actually decrease overall mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants. Light emitting diodes are another efficient alternative that use 75% less energy than incandescents and last 25 times longer.
The document discusses the history and advantages of LED lighting technology. It provides details on the LED chip, Target Solutions' full range of LED products including panel lights, downlights, bulbs, flood lighting, and specialty lighting. The document also presents a case study on the benefits and cost savings of replacing metal halide floodlights with LED floodlights for a building.
LED bulbs are more efficient than incandescent and CFL bulbs, producing light using 90% less energy. LEDs have a microchip that illuminates tiny light sources called LEDs emitting visible light spectrum. They also have a built-in heat sink to keep energy use and heat dissipation low. LEDs are directional light sources unlike other bulbs, making them more energy efficient. Replacing old lights with LEDs can significantly reduce household greenhouse gas emissions and energy costs through rebate programs.
LED bulbs are more efficient than incandescent and CFL bulbs, producing light using 90% less energy. LEDs have a microchip that illuminates tiny light sources called LEDs emitting visible light spectrum. They also have a built-in heat sink to keep energy use and heat dissipation low. LEDs are directional light sources unlike other bulbs, making them more energy efficient. Replacing old lights with LEDs can significantly reduce household energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions.
This document discusses the benefits of using solar LED lights. It notes that global warming is becoming increasingly severe due to greenhouse gas emissions. However, the sun provides a free and sustainable source of energy that can power LED lights, providing brightness while saving money through a one-time investment and eliminating maintenance costs. Switching to solar LED lights also helps the environment by reducing pollution. The document evaluates options for solar panels, LED lights, and recommends adopting these technologies to help address global warming and benefit both people and the planet.
This is a Student Sample of Backup Materials. Please be mindful .docxjuliennehar
This is a Student Sample of Backup Materials. Please be mindful that it is a student's work and has sections that need work, as will be discussed in class lectures. It is provided merely as an idea of what these materials, in general, should look like. Please submit in hard copy day of your presentation. Please see separate samples of visual aids used during speech.
STUDENT NAME/SECTION: Sitora Mirsoatova
1. (
to
persuade
)Topic: Switch to fluorescent bulbs
2. Circle the General Purpose of your speech: to inform or
3. List the Main Points that you will develop:
I.Light production methods between fluorescent bulb and incandescent bulb.
II.Cost savings between incandescent and fluorescent bulbs.
III.Benefits offered by fluorescent bulb.
4. (
Comparative Advantages;
)Method of organization: Circle One Method Below
Chronological; Spatial; Topical; Cause/Effect; Problem/Cause/
Solution
;
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence: Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action
5. Specify the Specific Purpose: (general purpose, topic, and main points)
To persuade the audience to switch from incandescent bulbs to fluorescent bulbs in their homes by highlighting the light production methods between fluorescent bulb and incandescent bulb, the cost savings and the benefits offered by the fluorescent bulb.
6. Write a FULLY DEVELOPED SENTENCE stating the Specific Purpose Statement/Central Idea of your speech (includes your specific purpose (#4 above):
Today I will persuade you to switch from using incandescent bulbs to fluorescent bulbs in your homes by highlighting the light production methods between the fluorescent bulb and the incandescent bulb, the cost savings and the benefits offered by the fluorescent bulb.
7. List a connective/transitional phrase that you may use to get from your Introduction to Main Point I:
Let me begin with comparing methods of light production between a fluorescent bulb and incandescent bulb
8. List a connective/transitional phrase that you may use to get from your MPI to your MPII:
Now, I would like to prove you that switching to a fluorescent bulb will save you 70% on you electricity bill.
9. List a connective/transitional phrase you may use to get from MPII to your MPIII:
Now, I would like to share some impressive benefits offered by fluorescent bulb.
(
Statistics
) (
Comparisons/Contrast
) (
Anecdotes
)10.Circle the form of backup support that your will use in your speech:
(
Visual Aids
)Definition Examples QuotationsIllustrations Descriptions & Statistics
Other
(
Quotation
)11.Circle the technique you have chosen for your introduction:
Starling statement Reference to current incident
Reference to a common experience Anecdote Other
12.Circle the technique you will use for your conclusion:
Summary (Review of Main Points)Quotation, Anecdote, Challenge, (
Echo of introduction
)Other
APA Annotated Bibliography:
Deutsch, C. (2008, January 26). Seeking a More Fl ...
LED lights are more efficient, durable and longer lasting than incandescent and CFL lights. LEDs use semiconductors to produce light from electricity in an efficient manner, producing little heat. They come in different colors and white light is produced by mixing colors or using phosphor coatings. LED lights use less power, last 50,000 hours on average compared to 1,200 hours for incandescents, and have lower operating costs. They are more durable and resistant to humidity and temperature changes. LED lighting provides environmental benefits over other lights by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and containing no mercury.
Circuit Shorts June 2015 - Confused about light bulbs? We're here to enlighte...S W Bishop Electrical
As you probably know, shopping for light bulbs can be a nightmare. You can leave the shop empty-handed and feeling as if you need a degree in electrical engineering. Believe me, the myriad of choice confuses me sometimes! Hopefully this month's Circuit Shorts will clear up some of the confusion and shed some light (see what I did there?) on the many possibilities.
LED Flood lights -
Line voltage and Low Voltage LED Flood lights, spotlights, power out lights, motion sensing floods and solar flood lights
Commercial LED Flood lights and Spot lights for lighting buildings, billboards and outdoor security lighting - 12VDC to 277VAC -
http://www.theledlight.com/floodlight.html
The document discusses the advantages of LED lighting technologies over traditional lighting options. It provides an overview of standards and regulations related to energy efficiency. Finally, it outlines different types of LED lighting solutions for various areas of the home and landscape, including under cabinet lights, strip lights, bulbs, landscape lights, and solar lights.
Hudnut Company LED lighting presentation, Part 1 (Rose Goehner)ccseerc
The document discusses LED lighting technology and its advantages over incandescent and CFL bulbs. LED lights use less energy, generate less heat, have a lifespan of 50,000 hours (over 11 years of daily use), contain no mercury or lead, and have zero waste at end of life compared to other bulbs. The document provides examples of energy and cost savings from switching to LED lights for applications like elevator lighting.
Similar to The Sustainable Evolution of the Light Bulb (20)
You may be stressed about revealing your cancer diagnosis to your child or children.
Children love stories and these often provide parents with a means of broaching tricky subjects and so the ‘The Secret Warrior’ book was especially written for CANSA TLC, by creative writer and social worker, Sally Ann Carter.
Find out more:
https://cansa.org.za/resources-to-help-share-a-parent-or-loved-ones-cancer-diagnosis-with-a-child/
ProSocial Behaviour - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Aggression - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Understanding of Self - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Procrastination is a common challenge that many individuals face when it comes to completing tasks and achieving goals. It can hinder productivity and lead to feelings of stress and frustration.
However, with the right strategies and mindset, it is possible to overcome procrastination and increase productivity.
In this article, we will explore the causes of procrastination, how to recognize the signs of procrastination in oneself, and effective strategies for overcoming procrastination and boosting productivity.
As we navigate through the ebbs and flows of life, it is natural to experience moments of low motivation and dwindling passion for our goals.
However, it is important to remember that this is a common hurdle that can be overcome with the right strategies in place.
In this guide, we will explore ways to rekindle the fire within you and stay motivated towards your aspirations.
3. • Recently passed laws are phasing out
traditional incandescent light bulbs
• Alternative options include compact
fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light
emitting diode (LED) bulbs
• In this presentation, you will learn how
easy or difficult it is to transition to these
alternatives from multiple perspectives
• Advantages and disadvantages
• Other sustainable lighting options
• Cost/benefit analysis
• Recycling
(HomeDit,2013)
4. • “CFLs use about 75% less energy and
last up to 10 times longer than
traditional incandescent bulbs
• Use about one-fourth the energy of
traditional incandescent bulbs
• Offer the same brightness and colors as
traditional incandescent bulbs” (U.S.
Department of Energy, 2013)
(ThurstonTalk.com,2013)
5. • “[CFL] bulbs contain
Mercury which is a
highly toxic heavy metal
which is especially
dangerous for children
& pregnant women”
(EcoWise LED, 2013)
(EcoWiseLED, 2013)
6. • “Compelling reasons to use LED bulbs:
• Each LED light can last you 17 years
• You‟ll save hundreds of dollars in electricity
• You‟ll will be helping your health – and the
environment
• LED lights are not annoying
• LED lighting is both extremely safe and
durable” (LEDlightsandbulbs.com, 2010)
(iJDMToy.com,2013)
7. • High upfront costs
• Voltage is low so light isn‟t very bright
• Tend to „dim down‟ after only 25% of
their life span requiring you to change
them more frequently (SparkNET, 2013)
(UrbanVision, 2013)
8. • Halogen bulbs
• Highly efficient
• Provide bright, white light
• Greater quantity of light and longer life as
compared to regular incandescent bulbs
• Downside: Become hot and generate heat
(Bulbs.com, 2013; Lighting Fixtures &
Ceiling Fans, 2004)
(Public Domain)
9. • Least expensive option
over expected lifespan
• Use 11% of the energy
of incandescent bulbs
• Highly cost efficient
(LEDBulbsandLights.com , 2010)
10. • Contains no mercury
• No harmful UV
emissions
• No flickering and quiet
in operation
• Operates at a cool
temperature
• Use solid state
components –
extremely durable and
safe
(LEDBulbsandLights.co
m, 2013)
(LEDBulbsandLights.com , 2010)
11. (DrummondHouse Plans.com,2013)
• LED bulbs:
• Don't contain mercury
• Aren’t considered a hazardous material so
they may be safely recycled
• Some stores and recycling centers will take
them, e.g., Batteries Plus (Bellevue-Factoria)
• CFL bulbs:
• Contain mercury
• Are considered a hazardous material
• Most stores and recycling centers will take
them for special processing
12. (Send Your Light Bulbs to Washington, 2013)
• CFL bulbs need to be safer
to use and easier to recycle
• LED light bulbs need to
become more affordable
• Consumers often left with
more questions than
answers
13. Amazon.com Inc, 2013. PAR 30 flood lamp. Retrieved on 2 September 2013 from http://www.amazon.com/TCP-LED14E26P3030KFL-
Dimmable-14-Watt-PAR30/dp/B005DST2RG/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1378161954&sr=8-
1&keywords=TCP+LED14E26P3030KFL+Dimmable+LED+14-Watt+PAR30+Flood+Lamp
Bulbs.com, 2013. Halogen bulbs. Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://www.bulbs.com/learning/halogen.aspx
Chipmunk Enterprises, LLC, 2010. LED light bulb recycling. Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from http://www.ledrecycling.net/
Design Recycle Inc, 2013. Comparison chart: LED lights vs. incandescent light bulbs vs. CFLs. Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from
http://www.designrecycleinc.com/led%20comp%20chart.html
Drummond House Plans, 2013. Ten myths about the new energy-efficient CFL light bulbs. Retrieved on 31August 203 from
http://blog.drummondhouseplans.com/category/led/
Earth Friends, 2013. CFL versus incandescent. Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from http://www.earthsfriends.com/cfl-vs-incandescent
EcoWise LED, 2013. CFL bulbs: an everyday hazard. Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://www.ecowiseled.com/cfl-bulbs-an-everyday-
hazard/
14. HomeDit, 2013. Learn How Much Energy Your Light Bulbs Help You Save (image, slide 3). Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from
http://www.homedit.com/learn-how-much-energy-your-light-bulbs-help-you-save/
iJDMToy.com, 2013. Advantages of LED bulbs (image, slide 6). Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://store.ijdmtoy.com/
LALED, 2013. LED lighting that lights up your world (image, slide 1). Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://laledus.wordpress.com/
LED Lamps, 2013. LED vs CFL vs halogen. Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from http://www.led-lamps.net.au/led-energy-saving/led-vs-cfl-
vs-halogen
LEDBulbsandLights.com, 2010. Compare the costs. Retrieved on 29August 2013 from http://www.ledbulbsandlights.com/
Lighting Fixtures & Ceiling Fans, 2013. Halogen light bulbs. Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://www.lighting-fixtures-ceiling-
fans.com/halogen_light_bulbs.html#bene
LosAngeles Times, 2013. Can I recycle…light bulbs? Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/home_blog/2011/05/can-i-recycle-light-bulbs.html
Puget Sound Energy, 2013. Energy efficient lighting rebates and programs. Retrieved on 2 September 2013 from
http://www.pse.com/savingsandenergycenter/ForHomes/Pages/Lighting.aspx
15. Send Your Light Bulbs to Washington, 2013. David Laibson editorial cartoon (image, slide 12). Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from
http://sendyourlightbulbstowashington.wordpress.com/
SparkNET, 2013. Advantages and disadvantages for LED light. Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://ezinearticles.com/?Advantages-and-
Disadvantages-For-LED-Light-Bulbs&id=2570698
Thurston Talk, 2013. CFL bulb recycling (image, slide 4). Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://www.thurstontalk.com/wp-
content/uploads/2013/02/light-bulb-recycling.jpg
U.S. Department of Energy, 2013. Fluorescent lighting. Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/fluorescent-
lighting
U.S. Department of Energy, 2013. LEDs: the future of lighting is here. Retrieved on 31August 2013 from
http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/leds-future-lighting-here
U.S. Department of Energy, 2013. Tips: lighting. Retrieved on 31August 2013 from http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/tips-lighting
U.S. Environmental ProtectionAgency, 2013. Recycling and disposal after a CFL burns out. Retrieved on 7 September 2013 from
http://www2.epa.gov/cfl/recycling-and-disposal-after-cfl-burns-out#important
Urban Vision, 2013. Salford’s LED street lighting retrofit (image, slide 7). Retrieved on 31August 2013 from
http://www.urbanvision.org.uk/projects/highways-and-infrastructure/salford-street-lighting-retrofit-programme/
Editor's Notes
Around the globe, governments have passed laws phasing out traditional incandescent light bulbs citing reasons tied to environmental sustainability. This presentation explores the topic through the lens of the most commonly cited alternative options: compact fluorescent lamps (CFL) and light emitting diode (LED) bulbs. The presentation examines the advantages and disadvantages of each option and evaluates other sustainable lighting options, such as halogen light bulbs. Included is a cost/benefit analysis and the importance of recycling both CFL and LED light bulbs. From multiple perspectives. you will learn how easy or difficult it is to transition to these alternatives and recycling them once they reach end-of-life.
Did you know that:A typical CFL can pay for itself in energy savings in less than 9 months and continue to save you money each month?Some CFLs are encased in a cover to further diffuse the light and provide a similar shape to traditional incandescent bulbs?“CFLs combine the energy efficiency of fluorescent lighting with the convenience and popularity of incandescent fixtures. CFLs fit most fixtures designed for incandescent bulbs and use about 75% less energy. Although CLFs cost a bit more than comparable incandescent bulbs, they last 6-15 times a long (6,000 – 15,000 hours). CFLs are most cost-effective and efficient in areas where lights are on for short periods of time, such as closets and pantries. Because CLFs do not need to be changed often, they are ideal for hard-to-reach areas. CLFs are available in a variety of styles or shapes, and each is designed for a specific purpose. They size or total surface area of the tube(s) determines how much light is produces. Many models are dimmable, as indicated on the package, and are compatible with other lighting controls” (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013).It’s been my personal experience that CFL bulbs have improved over the ten years that I’ve been using them. For the most part, they are inexpensive to purchase, they last a long time, and with recent advancements CFL bulbs nearly duplicate the quality of soft, yellow lighting that I prefer in my home. They are especially convenient in areas such as the entry to my home where socket is over 10 feet above ground, changing the bulb is inconvenient and I typically leave the light on over night for security purposes so I’m not having to change the bulb frequently because it does last such a long time.
Ever since traditional incandescent bulbs began to be phased out in countries around the world, home improvement stores have been flooding the light bulb aisles with compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. While we’ve learned that CFL bulbs use less than half the electricity of traditional bulbs, their safety risks are real and require careful management to mitigate the risks. As the Scientific American [magazine] reports, when a bulb breaks, “Mercury escapes as vapor that can be inhaled and as a fine powder that can settle into carpet and other textiles. At least one case of mercury poisoning has been linked to fluorescents.” [Mercury is a] “potent, developmental neurotoxin that can damage the brain, liver, kidneys and central nervous system,” according to wakeup-world.com. Even at low levels, mercury is capable of causing a number of health problems including impair motor functioning, cognitive ability and emotional problems. Higher or prolonged exposure can result in much more serious health problems.” If that wasn’t scary enough, CFL’s also emit ultra-violet rays which have been linked to many health issues including cancer. The Australian Government’s Climate Change website even has a page dedicated to ‘minimizing the ultra-violet light exposure’ from CFL bulbs.“Sitting close to a compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), or halogen lamp, and being able to see the exposed light bulb means that some UV radiation will be received from the lamp,” explains the Government site (EcoWise LED, 2013).There are varying opinions regarding the risks of CFL bulbs. One school of thought is that, while CLFs do contain a small amount of mercury, so does tuna that comes from air pollution that coal-fired power plants produce. A study completed by Francis Rubinstein from the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory “found that if you broke a [CFL] bulb and did a good job of cleaning up, your mercury exposure would be like taking a tiny nibble of tuna. If you closed all of the doors and smashed the bulb with a hammer, it would be like eating a can of tuna, since fish absorb the mercury in air pollution form coal-fired power” (Drummond House Plans, 2013). The best advice is that if you accidentally break a CFL bulb in your home, open windows, leave the room for approximately 15 minutes, and then sweep up the broken bulb. It is not recommended to vacuum up the broken bulb. Another school of thought is that CFLs are very risky and use a large amount of energy and materials in their manufacturing process. Regarding the safety risk, “fluorescent tubes can contain up to 15mg of mercury that is an extremely toxic element, especially dangerous to pregnant women, babies and children. One fluorescent tube contains enough mercury to pollute 30,000 liters of water” (LED Lamps, 2013). For this reason, all of the research completed for this project indicated that CFLs should be recycled appropriately.Other disadvantages are primarily associated with the early CFL bulbs that have been improved upon with the latest technology. Issues such as flickering, pale light can still occur with cheaper, low quality CFL bulbs, or they don’t work with dimmers, which was true six years ago yet no longer true. In the early days, CFL bulbs did not come on immediately, yet that’s no longer true in most brands. One truism is that they do not last as long as advertised. I’ve personally found this to be the case with my CFL bulbs. “In California, the utility PG&E found that instead of 9.4 years of useful life, the reality is closer to 6.3 years, with a faster burn rate in certain locations such as bathrooms and recessed lighting. But a regular light bulb burns out after 1,000 hours, so the new bulbs still last six time longer” (Drummond House Plans, 2013).
It’s time for knowledge test:“What does a little indicator light on our cell phone, a street light, an exit sign, and the common household light bulb have in common? If your answer is that light emitting diode (LED) technology can power all of these things, then you’re pretty bright” (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013).“LED bulbs are rapidly expanding in household use. ENERGY STAR-qualified LEDs use only about 20%-25% of the energy and last up to 25 times longer than traditional incandescent bulbs. They come in a variety of colors, and some are dimmable or offer convenient features such as daylight and motion sensors. In addition to standards screw-in bulbs, you’ll find LEDs in applications such as recessed down lights, desk lamps, kitchen under-cabinet lighting, and outdoor area lights” (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013). You can find LED technology now in cars (see graphic), computers, televisions, flashlights, and Christmas lights too. “In the outdoor lighting space, LEDs are aiding in the sustainability initiatives of corporations and municipalities. WalMart now uses LED technology to meet voluntary energy-saving specifications for high-efficiency parking lot lighting, and is upgrading more than 250 existing lots. Other major organizations, such as Lowe’s, MGM Resorts International, and the U.S. General Services Administration are also considering upgrading their lighting to cut costs, reduce energy use, and increase their competitiveness” (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013).“As the adoption of LEDs grows, their energy saving potential can be enormous for the nation. According to a recent [U.S.] Department of Energy report, by 2030, energy savings nationally from LEDs can be up to 300 terawatt-hours, or the equivalent annual energy output of about 50, 1,000 megawatt power plants. These energy saving would also reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 210 million metric tons of carbon, and decrease electricity consumption equivalent to powering 24 million homes (U.S. Department of Energy, 2013).There are financially motivating incentives available to both consumers and business owners to convert their traditional incandescent bulbs over to energy saving bulbs. When CFL bulbs began to take over the light bulb aisle at home improvement stores one of the very attractive aspects was that the cost was heavily subsidized by the local utility to motivate people to try them and convert their homes to the less energy thirsty variety. Even today, my local utility, Puget Sound Energy, offers rebates and incentives to encourage homeowners to switch-out all of their traditional incandescent bulbs for energy-saving bulbs (Puget Sound Energy, 2013). In my research, I was able to find two retailers within one mile of my house in Bellevue (Bartell Drugs, Batteries Plus) offering incentive discounts on LED bulbs. Within three miles of my house, there are 17 retailers offering incentive discounts. Utility companies working closely with the light bulb manufacturers and retailers are working to make LED lighting a viable choice for adoption. We’ll take a closer look at the initial cost of LED bulbs later in this presentation.
While LED bulbs are clearly the best option from their long term cost savings and overwhelming energy efficiency, they have a very high entry cost. A traditional PAR 30, 75 watt incandescent light bulb costs approximately $1.00. The comparable PAR 30, 14 watt ENERGY STAR LED bulb is more than 38 times more expensive at $38.46 (Amazon.com Inc, 2013). As part of my research for this project, I asked my wife, Stacie, to estimate how many light sockets we have in use, both inside and outside of our home. Stacie estimated that we have 95 light sockets with bulbs currently in use. In my house, after a diligent, pain-staking inventory, the count totaled 223 light sockets. Some of these lights are rarely ‘on’, many are infrequently used and an estimated ‘x’ bulbs are utilized on a daily basis. The type of bulb varies greatly with indoor and outdoor flood lamps dominating the total percentage. Sixty-six bulbs out of the 223 are indoor or outdoor flood lights, a whopping 29.6% of the total. Currently, only 10 of the 66 flood lamps are CFL bulbs, the remaining 56 are traditional incandescent bulbs. For me and my family to replace the 56 incandescent bulbs with LED bulbs would be a cost prohibitive $2,153.00. In my house, we estimate we have our most frequently utilized lights ‘on’ for five hours per 24 hour period inclusive of seasonal adjustments and vacations. Of the 223 light sockets, we determined that 77 (or 34.5%) are used frequently, 77 are used infrequently, and 69 (or 31%) are rarely used. Of the 77 frequently used bulbs, 29 are indoor or outdoor floodlights. The estimate costs to replace the 29 frequently used floodlights would be just over $1115.00, again cost prohibitive for me and my family as measured against the upside gain. Stacie and I only plan to be in our home for no more than two years before we downside to a smaller home. While a typical LED light bulb lasts 50,000 hours, based upon the 5 hours of usage per 24 hour period, each frequently used light bulb would last 27 years (Example: 50,000 hours/5 hours per day = 10,000 days; 10,000 days/365 days in a year = 27 years). Our average kilowatt (KWH) usage per day varies between 24 and 32 kilowatts. We currently pay on average .09 cents per KWH or between $2.16 and $2.88 per day for our electricity. Our total electric usage, of course, includes use of electricity completely unrelated to the use of light bulbs, items such as the use of the television (2), digital video recorder (2), oven, stove, refrigerator (2), freezer (2), computers (2), printer (1), and garage door opener. For my family, at this time, the return on investment for LED light bulbs makes no sense and this is, by far, the largest barrier and disadvantage of LED bulbs.
A viable option to CFL and LED light bulbs are halogen bulbs. “Halogen lamps [or bulbs] are 20 percent brighter and longer lasting than normal incandescent light bulbs” (Lighting Fixtures & Ceiling Fans, 2004). “The halogen light bulb or lamp is a type of incandescent lamp which uses a halogen gas in order to increase both light output and rated life. They are known for moderately high efficiency, quality of light, and high rated life compared to regular incandescent lamps. A halogen lamp functions identically to an incandescent lamp, with one notable exception: The halogen cycle. In a typical incandescent lamp, tungsten slowly evaporates from the burning filament. This causes blackening of the lamp, which decreases light output and reduces life. Halogen lamps are largely able to eliminate this problem because the halogen gas reacts chemically with the evaporated tungsten to prevent it from affixing to the glass…there are not many situations in which halogen lamps cannot be used, but one potential downside is the heat generated by halogen lamps” (Bulbs.com, 2013). Halogen bulbs are known for delivering bright, white light and are great for general use as well as specific task-type lighting such as walk-ways, car headlights, and street lighting. Halogen bulbs are typically small and compact, which is good for accent lighting, yet are also available in standard shapes to fit existing home and office lighting needs. Halogen lights do run hot “because of the close proximity of the bulb wall to the hot filament. Halogen bulbs are made of quartz because it can withstand the high heat” (Lighting Fixtures & Ceiling Fans, 2004).A downside of halogen light bulbs is that while they can be dimmed, the halogen filaments do not reach the required temperature needed for what’s called the ‘halogen cycle’ to take place. This can cause the inside wall of the bulb to blacken which has the effect of reducing the brightness of the bulb and the bulb’s life. This can be fixed by turning the light up to it’s full brightness which will help to restore and clear the black film.The biggest downside of halogen bulbs are the fire hazard associated with the high heat caused by the filaments rising up to 2,500 degrees Celsius and the bulb up to 500 degrees Celsius. “The temperature at which paper will ignite without a spark or flame is 230 degrees Celsius, so if there is insulation touching the light fitting a fire can easily start” (LED Lamps, 2013).
There are many cost comparisons of incandescent versus LED versus CFL bulbs on the internet. Consistently, LED bulbs significantly outperform the cost of the alternatives. In one comparison, shared by Design Recycle, Inc., the annual operating cost of LEDs is $32.85 per year versus $328.59 per year for incandescent bulbs and $76.65 per year for CFLs, based upon use of 30 incandescent bulbs per year equivalent. The cost comparison in the above slide confirms these findings with the total cost over the lifetime of just one LED light being two-thirds the price of CFL lights and just 23% of the price of the incandescent bulb.Their environmental impact is clearly advantageous to the other lighting options on the market today. LEDs contain no toxic mercury, they are compliant with current standards (e.g., RoHS) and their carbon emissions, assuming use of 30 bulbs per year, have the lowest energy consumption [Carbon dioxide emission: 451 pounds per year for LED; 4500 pounds per year for incandescent; and 1,051 pounds per year for CFL (Design Recycle Inc, 2013]).
This illustrationfrom LED Bulbs and Lights web site is graphically so compelling. Here we can visually experience the savings of LED bulbs as the see the high cost of incandescent bulbs growing asymmetrically over the years. With this graphic, we can truly appreciate the savings of LED bulbs over time. While over the life of an LED bulb, LEDsare clearly the bulb of choice, the high cost of entry for the average consumer is often prohibitive to converting a whole house over to LED light bulbs. However, if you are planning to live in your home for many more years you might consider making the change. Studies researched over the past several weeks indicate if you’re going to stay in your current home, the cost/benefit for LED light bulbs is worth the upfront cost of conversion. To perform your own analysis for your own home, there are many ‘energy savings calculator’ tools readily available on the internet. These include: - http://www.bulbs.com/learning/energycalc.aspx- http://www.wattstopper.com/design-tools/energy-calculators/plugcalc-assessment.aspx?utm_source=http://www.wattstopper.com/design-tools/energy-calculators.aspx&utm_medium=referral- http://www.shineretrofits.com/lighting-services-and-resources/induction-led-fluorescent-lighting-energy-savings-roi-calculator.html
The ease of recycling LED light bulbs is much more difficult than CFL bulbs. Based upon this presentation you might believe that since LEDs last so long (50,000 hours), you shouldn’t have to worry about recycling. However, “LED light bulbs fail much more often than advertised. Many [LEDs] are wired series (like Christmas tree lights) and if one breaks, the whole light stops functioning” (Chipmunk Enterprises, LLC, 2010). “In Los Angeles [for example], light bulbs cannot be placed in the recycling bin [outside of your home]. CFLs and LED bulbs are considered household hazardous waste and must be taken to a [hazardous waste management center] for disposal because they may contain mercury or other hazardous materials” (Los Angeles Times, 2013).In my local neighborhood, near Factoria in Bellevue, WA, the new store ‘Batteries Plus’ will take LED light bulbs for recycling, however there are far less recycling opportunities in the local area for LED light bulbs than for CFL bulbs. Today, CFL bulbs are much more commonly used because of their lower cost, broad availability, and wide selection. However, more and more people are becoming aware of the long term savings of LED light bulbs and as technology improves and the cost of LED light bulbs drops over time, the lack of recycling opportunity for LED light bulbs may become an issue.It’s particularly important to recycle CFL bulbs. “Recycling prevents the release of mercury into the environment. CFLs and other fluorescent bulbs often break when thrown into a dumpster, trash can or compactor, or when they end up in a landfill or incinerator. Recycling CFLs and other fluorescent bulbs allows the reuse of glass, metals and other materials that make up fluorescent lights. Virtually all components of a fluorescent bulb can be recycled. Some states and local jurisdictions have more stringent regulations than [even] the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and may require that you recycle CFLs and other mercury containing light bulbs” (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2013).
The “energy bill passed by the U.S.Congress in December 2007 and signed into law by the president set energy standards that can’t be met by traditional incandescent bulbs. The new rules [began to be phased in during 2012] will take full effect in 2014. So it is time for consumers to get used to CFLs. And it’s likely that consumers will have more options for replacing traditional incandescent bulbs, including advanced incandescent bulbs and cost-effective LED bulbs. The United States is not alone in taking bold moves to save electricity. In 2007, Australia became the first nation in the world to announce a ban on traditional incandescent bulbs, which took effect in 2010” (Earth Friends, 2013).As a consumer, my wife, Stacie, and I have chosen to gradually adopt the new lighting standard. As the traditional incandescent bulbs in my home burn out, we have and will continue to replace most of them with CFL bulbs. However, the indoor, dimmable flood lights in our family room, our living room, and our master bedroom will continue to utilize incandescent bulbs because of the quality of soft, warm light they provide and the low cost impact in the short term. While we will continue to evaluate the improvements in the quality of CFL bulbs and the cost of dimmable CFL bulbs, we will, for now, stick with traditional incandescent bulbs in those areas.Personally, my wife and I are also concerned about the safety of CFL bulbs. While we recycle a high percentage of our trash each week, we are not very good about collecting the old, burned out CFL bulbs and taking them to a recycling center. The burned out CFL bulbs are sitting precariously on shelves in my garage waiting for me to take them to Home Depot or Batteries Plus for recycling. While I know that we should take them away, they are on the edge of the shelf, and I worry they could easily fall and shatter, causing a health risk to my family. Putting more of these mercury-filled bulbs in my home is not a high priority and their questionable health impact is demotivating. Ideally, the cost of LED bulbs will drop and we can replace both our incandescent and CFL bulbs with LED light bulbs.