Major research methods

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The document discusses various primary and secondary research methods that can be used for social research. It provides examples and advantages and disadvantages of two primary and two secondary research methods. For primary methods it discusses direct observation, where a researcher observes a group without becoming a member. Advantages include noting non-verbal cues and unexpected events, while disadvantages include potential personal bias and reactivity. It also discusses interviews which can provide additional insight but may not be as useful as direct observation. For secondary methods it discusses official statistics which can help form hypotheses and allow comparisons, but may be incomplete, inaccurate, or outdated. It also discusses mass media reports which can similarly help research but rely on other sources and may become outdated.

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A high survey response rate may be a sign that interviewers are not following directions and that your data are full of undercoverage and nonresponse error. Presentation at #ITSEW workshop June 2018 Several studies have shown that, contrary to most researchers' expectations, high response rates are not correlated with low bias in survey data. In this paper we show that the relationship between response rates and bias is moderated by the type of sampling method used. When interviewers are involved in selecting the sample of households for the survey, high response rates can in fact be a sign of high bias. We suggest that this relationship is due to interviewers' incentives to select households with high response propensities.

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Running head: ASSIGNMENT 4: DATA COLLECTION 1 ASSIGNMENT 4: DATA COLLECTION 3 Assignment 4: Data Collection CRJ 499: Undergraduate Capstone in Criminal Justice August 11, 2019 Assignment 4: Data Collection Overcrowding in prisons or correction centers is one of the problems that have attracted the attention of many researchers. Several researchers have tried to explore this particular issue in detail. This paper, therefore, seeks to analyze the existing data concerning this specific issue to be able to review the problem after collecting reliable data. The essential data that will aid my research is secondary data. I have already collected several secondary data. These data sources include charts and statistics. The statistics show that there have been increased cases of overcrowding in many prisons and correctional centers in the US. These data and statistics indicate the large estimated number of prisoners and offenders being held in US prisons over the past few years. The reports from various agencies such as the Bureau of Justice Statistics also concur with these findings. This indeed indicates that there is a problem of overcrowding in most prisons and correctional centers in the US. The data sources, which include charts and statistics, are relevant to the problem in that they show the extent of overcrowding in the prisons and correctional centers. These data also show the negative impacts of overcrowding on inmates. The statistics are also relevant in that they show the trend of increase in the number of inmates being held in prison over the past few years. Statistics indicate that the US has an approximate prison population of 2.1 million. This is according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics. This equates to approximately 481 people who are incarcerated per 99,000 of the population. The problem of overcrowding has become a serious issue in many U.S. prisons. Over 17 states reported that they were operating at over 100 percent capacity at the end of 2013 and 2014. The data below indicates that the US is ranked number 113th in the world in terms of overcrowding in the prisons in the year 2018. The data also indicates that most of the US prisons were operating at an average capacity of 103.9%. This is according to statistics from Forbes. The following charts are also useful in my research: References Gabriel, A. (2018). Nigeria and United States Prisons: A comparative Analysis of Mass Overcrowding. J Foren Psy, 3(129), 2. Robinson, M. (2018). A Case Study of Overcrowding in a County Jail in the Southeast United States (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University). Running head: ASSIGNMENT 3: TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCES 1 ASSIGNMENT 3: TECHNOLOGY INFLUENCES 2 Assignment 3: Technology Influences CRJ 499: Undergraduate Capstone in Criminal Justice August 03, 201 ...

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