Radiation therapy techniques like external beam therapy, brachytherapy, and chemotherapy are used to treat cancer. External beam therapy uses machines like linear accelerators and cobalt-60 teletherapy units to deliver high-energy radiation beams to the tumor area. Brachytherapy places radioactive sources directly inside the body. Radiation damages DNA and affects rapidly dividing cells like blood cells. When blood is exposed to radiation, white blood cells are most affected, followed by red blood cells, platelets, and lymphocytes. More research is needed on the effects of radiation on blood components inside the body.
Development of computer vision medical recognition systems in MoscowSmartCity Moscow
The document summarizes the current state of computer vision medical recognition systems in Moscow and future plans for development. Moscow has integrated over 700 health facilities into its citywide medical information system, collecting data from over 9 million unique patients. This data is used to develop computer vision systems for recognizing diseases like lung cancer and cardiovascular issues in medical images. The lung cancer recognition system can currently identify 86.5% of tumors in test images. For heart issues, ECG data is being analyzed to improve early detection of conditions. Future plans include expanding recognition capabilities to additional organs and diseases.
This document provides an introduction and overview of medical instrumentation. It begins by outlining the expectations and learning objectives of the course. It then discusses related classes, assessment weighting, and textbook references. The rest of the document defines key terms related to medical instrumentation and biomedical engineering. It provides classifications of medical equipment and describes examples within each classification, including diagnostic, therapeutic, surgical, and research devices. Feedback loops and the scientific method in relation to instrumentation are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of biomedical instrumentation. It discusses how instrumentation is used to monitor and control process variables for measurement and control. Biomedical instrumentation specifically creates instruments to measure, record, and transmit data to and from the body. Some key types of biomedical instrumentation systems are direct/indirect, invasive/noninvasive, contact/remote for sensing and actuating in real-time or statically. Several important instruments are discussed in detail, including X-rays, electrocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and computed tomography. The document outlines the basic workings, advantages, and disadvantages of these key biomedical instruments.
Computers have become integral tools in the medical field, helping doctors discover, test, and apply new techniques while also providing an infrastructure to share medical knowledge globally. Computers are used extensively in areas like CT scans, heart rate monitoring, surgery, research, and spectroscopy, creating new opportunities to save lives and advance human health. In particular, technologies like CT scans and MRI machines use computer processing to generate detailed images of the inside of the body.
This document discusses various types of medical equipment testing devices used by biomedical engineers. It describes electrical safety analyzers that test for electrical safety standards, performance analyzers like defibrillator and infusion pump analyzers that test device performance, and simulators & controllers that simulate patient conditions to test equipment. Biomedical engineers work to ensure safety, effectiveness and reliability of medical technology through proper testing, repair and calibration of equipment.
Using technology in the biomedical industryGraham Wilson
Biomedical engineering applies engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes. It combines engineering skills with medical and biological sciences to advance healthcare treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy.
The document provides examples of current biomedical engineering applications: 1) A handheld dermatological scanner that analyzes tissue morphology to help doctors determine if a biopsy is needed; 2) An implantable nerve stimulating device for patients with migraines; 3) Non-invasive continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps; and 4) Medical robots that can autonomously monitor patients and manage their charts and vital signs.
The document describes the services and technologies available at Elite Imaging, a medical imaging center. It highlights the advanced imaging modalities like 3T MRI, PET/CT, and CT scans that can accurately diagnose diseases. It also mentions the quick turnaround times for image readings by board-certified radiologists and the convenient locations and hours of operations. The document emphasizes that Elite Imaging is a trusted resource that can provide detailed images and diagnoses to help evaluate patients and monitor treatment.
The mechanisms involved in the progression of heart failure includes cardiomyocyte death, initiation of the inflammatory response, and subsequent formation of a fibrotic scar. For this reason, diverse experimental models, such as cultured cardiac cells, isolated hearts, and animal models, have been created to mimic human myocardial infarction and heart failure. In a 2012 Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association, permanent coronary artery ligation was deemed clinically relevant and a significant model for ischemic heart failure.
The variability in coronary artery anatomy and branching of the left coronary artery can affect reproducibility of MI surgery, even with occlusion at a constant anatomic site. Blanching and LV discoloration are common variables used to confirm successful MI surgery. Determining a way to improve precision will improve the standard surgical approaches to simulate MI in mice, thus reducing the number of experimental animals necessary for statistically relevant studies. In this webinar, we will discuss the advantages of using electrocardiography to verify correct ligation.
Learning objections
Summary of my lab goals
Timeline of inflammation after permanent occlusion
Intro to MI surgical model
Development of computer vision medical recognition systems in MoscowSmartCity Moscow
The document summarizes the current state of computer vision medical recognition systems in Moscow and future plans for development. Moscow has integrated over 700 health facilities into its citywide medical information system, collecting data from over 9 million unique patients. This data is used to develop computer vision systems for recognizing diseases like lung cancer and cardiovascular issues in medical images. The lung cancer recognition system can currently identify 86.5% of tumors in test images. For heart issues, ECG data is being analyzed to improve early detection of conditions. Future plans include expanding recognition capabilities to additional organs and diseases.
This document provides an introduction and overview of medical instrumentation. It begins by outlining the expectations and learning objectives of the course. It then discusses related classes, assessment weighting, and textbook references. The rest of the document defines key terms related to medical instrumentation and biomedical engineering. It provides classifications of medical equipment and describes examples within each classification, including diagnostic, therapeutic, surgical, and research devices. Feedback loops and the scientific method in relation to instrumentation are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of biomedical instrumentation. It discusses how instrumentation is used to monitor and control process variables for measurement and control. Biomedical instrumentation specifically creates instruments to measure, record, and transmit data to and from the body. Some key types of biomedical instrumentation systems are direct/indirect, invasive/noninvasive, contact/remote for sensing and actuating in real-time or statically. Several important instruments are discussed in detail, including X-rays, electrocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and computed tomography. The document outlines the basic workings, advantages, and disadvantages of these key biomedical instruments.
Computers have become integral tools in the medical field, helping doctors discover, test, and apply new techniques while also providing an infrastructure to share medical knowledge globally. Computers are used extensively in areas like CT scans, heart rate monitoring, surgery, research, and spectroscopy, creating new opportunities to save lives and advance human health. In particular, technologies like CT scans and MRI machines use computer processing to generate detailed images of the inside of the body.
This document discusses various types of medical equipment testing devices used by biomedical engineers. It describes electrical safety analyzers that test for electrical safety standards, performance analyzers like defibrillator and infusion pump analyzers that test device performance, and simulators & controllers that simulate patient conditions to test equipment. Biomedical engineers work to ensure safety, effectiveness and reliability of medical technology through proper testing, repair and calibration of equipment.
Using technology in the biomedical industryGraham Wilson
Biomedical engineering applies engineering principles and design concepts to medicine and biology for healthcare purposes. It combines engineering skills with medical and biological sciences to advance healthcare treatment, including diagnosis, monitoring, and therapy.
The document provides examples of current biomedical engineering applications: 1) A handheld dermatological scanner that analyzes tissue morphology to help doctors determine if a biopsy is needed; 2) An implantable nerve stimulating device for patients with migraines; 3) Non-invasive continuous glucose monitors and insulin pumps; and 4) Medical robots that can autonomously monitor patients and manage their charts and vital signs.
The document describes the services and technologies available at Elite Imaging, a medical imaging center. It highlights the advanced imaging modalities like 3T MRI, PET/CT, and CT scans that can accurately diagnose diseases. It also mentions the quick turnaround times for image readings by board-certified radiologists and the convenient locations and hours of operations. The document emphasizes that Elite Imaging is a trusted resource that can provide detailed images and diagnoses to help evaluate patients and monitor treatment.
The mechanisms involved in the progression of heart failure includes cardiomyocyte death, initiation of the inflammatory response, and subsequent formation of a fibrotic scar. For this reason, diverse experimental models, such as cultured cardiac cells, isolated hearts, and animal models, have been created to mimic human myocardial infarction and heart failure. In a 2012 Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association, permanent coronary artery ligation was deemed clinically relevant and a significant model for ischemic heart failure.
The variability in coronary artery anatomy and branching of the left coronary artery can affect reproducibility of MI surgery, even with occlusion at a constant anatomic site. Blanching and LV discoloration are common variables used to confirm successful MI surgery. Determining a way to improve precision will improve the standard surgical approaches to simulate MI in mice, thus reducing the number of experimental animals necessary for statistically relevant studies. In this webinar, we will discuss the advantages of using electrocardiography to verify correct ligation.
Learning objections
Summary of my lab goals
Timeline of inflammation after permanent occlusion
Intro to MI surgical model
The document discusses the usual surveillance schedule for patients with pacemakers, which includes an initial follow up within 1 week of implantation, follow ups every 6-12 months during the maintenance period, and more frequent monitoring as the battery nears depletion. It also provides guidance on evaluating patients with pacemakers or ICDs prior to surgery, including determining if they are pacemaker dependent, checking device function, and coordinating with device manufacturers for possible reprogramming. Pre-op cardiology evaluation is recommended for several scenarios, including newly implanted devices, those near end of battery life, or if surgery poses risks to the device or leads.
History of ICDs (Internal Cardiac Defibrillators)Jose Osorio
ICDs have been available since the 80s for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. The advancements are quite amazing, with a reduction in size from >250cc to less than 40cc, ease of implantation, safety and longevity.
A wireless infrastructure for emergency medical careMohanRaviRohitth
This document describes a wireless system for remote patient monitoring using sensors to measure vital signs like heartbeat and temperature. The system sends the patient's medical data and location to doctors via a mobile application or SMS messages. This allows doctors to monitor patients remotely, which can improve healthcare access and reduce costs. The system uses sensors connected to a microcontroller and GSM modem to transmit the medical data via Bluetooth and an IoT platform. If any abnormal readings are detected, the system sends an alert message to doctors with the patient's location to allow for prompt medical response.
The Micra pacemaker is the world's smallest, about the size of a large vitamin. It is implanted inside the heart and attached to the heart wall using small tines. Some advantages are that it does not require any external wires or generator under the skin, eliminating pocket-related complications. The device has a battery longevity of 12 years. It is indicated for patients with AV block or bradycardia and can be safely used with MRI scans under specific conditions. Potential risks include oversensing, acceleration of arrhythmias, infection, and device embolization.
This study evaluated 616 solid and complex cystic renal lesions that underwent nephron-sparing surgery. The lesions were categorized into two size groupings: lesions less than 4 cm and greater than 4 cm. The results showed that 18.5% of lesions less than 4 cm and 16% of lesions greater than 4 cm were benign, and this difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, 12.8% of lesions less than 4 cm and 6.7% of lesions greater than 4 cm were oncocytomas, which also did not reach statistical significance. The conclusions were that nearly 1/6 of all renal lesions and 1/6 of those greater than 4 cm were benign, and surgeons should expect some benign lesions
An overview of meta analysis in the field of cardiovascular imaging using art...Pubrica
• AI will completely change the era of medicine by doctors, mainly in cardiology and radiology.
• Pubrica is conducting a meta-analysis in quantitative research about cardiovascular imaging to help future medical researchers and doctors.
Full Information: https://bit.ly/2FvQ68c
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/meta-analysis/
Why Pubrica?
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us :
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
This document summarizes a presentation on using non-invasive FFRCT (computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve) to assess coronary artery disease. It discusses studies showing FFRCT has high diagnostic accuracy compared to invasive FFR measurements. The PLATFORM trial found FFRCT was associated with fewer unnecessary invasive angiograms showing no obstructive lesions compared to usual care. FFRCT also led to lower healthcare costs without differences in clinical outcomes. A larger randomized trial is still needed to establish FFRCT's role in routine clinical care.
This document discusses wearable biosensors and provides examples of two types: a ring sensor and a smart shirt. A wearable biosensor combines a wearable device and a biosensor to allow for continuous physiological monitoring. The ring sensor monitors heart rate and oxygen saturation through photoconductors in the ring, while the smart shirt integrates various sensors to monitor vital signs and uses optical fibers to detect wounds. Wearable biosensors have applications in remote patient monitoring, athlete training, hazardous work monitoring, and combat casualty care.
Why comprehensive surgical monitoring has become so crucial in today’s scientific research space and how the MouseMonitor™ S by Indus Instruments is designed to address these specific needs. Industry experts Dr. Merry Lindsey, Director at the Jackson Center for Heart Research, and Dr. Corey Reynolds, Director of the Mouse Phenotyping Core at Baylor College of Medicine, share their experience with the MouseMonitor™ S and reviewed how it is used as both a vital signs monitor and platform for more precise physiological measurements.
This document summarizes early outcomes from the US IDE trial and global ENGAGE registry of the Endurant AAA endograft. In the US trial (n=150), the 30-day major adverse event rate was 4.0% and there was no mortality. At 1 year, the aneurysm sac size decreased or remained stable in most patients and the reintervention rate was low. The ENGAGE registry includes over 800 patients so far who mirror "real-world" cases. Procedural success was high at 99.6% with a median implant time of 90 minutes. Early outcomes suggest the Endurant endograft is a safe and effective option for treating abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Intravascular magnetic resonance imaging uses small coils placed inside blood vessels to provide both active tracking of devices and high resolution diagnostic imaging. Two types of intravascular coils - loopless and loop designs - can generate very high signal locally for imaging vessel structures with resolutions as small as 60-200 micrometers. This technique has been demonstrated to image vessels in animal models and humans with better resolution than external coils. Further developments are needed but intravascular MRI shows promise for guiding cardiovascular interventions and precisely localizing devices under MRI guidance.
Technical SEO for the Non-Techie: OverviewElementive
The document discusses technical SEO and provides an overview of the top 5 technical SEO areas: speed, uptime, errors, XML sitemaps, and HTML tags. It asks three questions about making content findable, the website crawlable, and content understandable. Specifically, it covers communicating with search engines, linking content, XML sitemaps, social media sharing, providing text content, avoiding errors, and using relevant keywords and tags. The next video will cover website speed testing and monitoring.
I provided analysis of terrorist activity in the MENA region between 6/15 and 6/30 for upwards of twenty guests. Special attention was paid to Islamic State and affiliated groups in Libya and Egypt, as well as American involvement in Iraq and Syria. I was joined by four colleagues, who had researched similar events elsewhere in the world.
اس کتاب میں آپ پڑھ سکیں گے:غیرِ طبیب کو علاج میں ہاتھ ڈالناحرام ہے، طویل عرصہ جوان رہنے کا نُسخہ، موٹاپے کا سب سے بہترین علاج، سَر میں خشکی کے تین علاج، دائمی نزلے کے 5علاج، گُردہ کی پتھری، شوگرکے 8علاج، حَیض کی خرابی کے نقصاناتاور بہت کچھ۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔ ۔ آپ کے لئے ایک بہت مفید اور اہم کتاب جس کو پڑھنے سے آپ کے علم اور نیکیوں میں ان شاء اللہ عزوجل اضافہ ہوگا۔آپ اس کتاب کو ویب سائٹ پر موجودرہتے ہوئے آن لائن پڑھنے کے لئے Read کے بٹن اور ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے کے لئے Download کے بٹن پر کلک کریں۔اس کتاب کے بارے میں اپنے تاثرات نیچے دئیے ہوئے Comments Box میں دیں۔برائے کرم اس کتاب کوعلم دین حاصل کرنے کی نیت سے خود بھی پڑھیں اور دوسروں کے ساتھ بھیShare کریں۔
Thoppil Bijoy Devassy is seeking a position in civil engineering where he can contribute his technical and educational background. He has over 10 years of experience as a project engineer and coordinator in Oman and India. Some of his responsibilities include site supervision, project planning, estimation, and quality control. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from Datta Meghe College of Engineering and is proficient in AutoCAD, MS Office, and MS Project.
Formato para el proceso de Evaluación en el cumplimiento del Artículo Tercero Constitucional Mexicano y de los dominios y habilidades para evaluar a los docentes con base en el perfil, parámetros e indicadores del desempeño en el aula de clases.
Este documento contiene cuatro breves intercambios en inglés y español que incluyen una solicitud de helado, una pregunta sobre el precio, una solicitud de reservar un taxi y una invitación a jugar.
Nguyen Thi Hanh is a 28-year-old multimedia technician with 3 years of experience in 3D modeling, texturing, and animation. She graduated from the National Economic University in Hanoi and completed additional courses in multimedia design. Her skills include Maya, Max, Zbrush, Topogun, Mudbox, AfterEffects, Photoshop, and Premier. She has worked on personal projects like environments and characters for the film "Fireflies" and has freelanced on game environment development.
The documents discuss Michigan State University's role and vision as a global university engaged locally and internationally. MSU's president calls for a "land-grant university for the world" and emphasizes MSU's leadership in internationalization. The acting provost states that MSU promotes global awareness, collaboration, and operating effectively in a global environment. The documents also provide details about an awards ceremony recognizing individuals for advancing international studies and programs at MSU.
The document discusses the usual surveillance schedule for patients with pacemakers, which includes an initial follow up within 1 week of implantation, follow ups every 6-12 months during the maintenance period, and more frequent monitoring as the battery nears depletion. It also provides guidance on evaluating patients with pacemakers or ICDs prior to surgery, including determining if they are pacemaker dependent, checking device function, and coordinating with device manufacturers for possible reprogramming. Pre-op cardiology evaluation is recommended for several scenarios, including newly implanted devices, those near end of battery life, or if surgery poses risks to the device or leads.
History of ICDs (Internal Cardiac Defibrillators)Jose Osorio
ICDs have been available since the 80s for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. The advancements are quite amazing, with a reduction in size from >250cc to less than 40cc, ease of implantation, safety and longevity.
A wireless infrastructure for emergency medical careMohanRaviRohitth
This document describes a wireless system for remote patient monitoring using sensors to measure vital signs like heartbeat and temperature. The system sends the patient's medical data and location to doctors via a mobile application or SMS messages. This allows doctors to monitor patients remotely, which can improve healthcare access and reduce costs. The system uses sensors connected to a microcontroller and GSM modem to transmit the medical data via Bluetooth and an IoT platform. If any abnormal readings are detected, the system sends an alert message to doctors with the patient's location to allow for prompt medical response.
The Micra pacemaker is the world's smallest, about the size of a large vitamin. It is implanted inside the heart and attached to the heart wall using small tines. Some advantages are that it does not require any external wires or generator under the skin, eliminating pocket-related complications. The device has a battery longevity of 12 years. It is indicated for patients with AV block or bradycardia and can be safely used with MRI scans under specific conditions. Potential risks include oversensing, acceleration of arrhythmias, infection, and device embolization.
This study evaluated 616 solid and complex cystic renal lesions that underwent nephron-sparing surgery. The lesions were categorized into two size groupings: lesions less than 4 cm and greater than 4 cm. The results showed that 18.5% of lesions less than 4 cm and 16% of lesions greater than 4 cm were benign, and this difference was not statistically significant. Additionally, 12.8% of lesions less than 4 cm and 6.7% of lesions greater than 4 cm were oncocytomas, which also did not reach statistical significance. The conclusions were that nearly 1/6 of all renal lesions and 1/6 of those greater than 4 cm were benign, and surgeons should expect some benign lesions
An overview of meta analysis in the field of cardiovascular imaging using art...Pubrica
• AI will completely change the era of medicine by doctors, mainly in cardiology and radiology.
• Pubrica is conducting a meta-analysis in quantitative research about cardiovascular imaging to help future medical researchers and doctors.
Full Information: https://bit.ly/2FvQ68c
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/meta-analysis/
Why Pubrica?
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free, always on Time, outstanding customer support, written to Standard, Unlimited Revisions support and High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us :
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44- 74248 10299
This document summarizes a presentation on using non-invasive FFRCT (computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve) to assess coronary artery disease. It discusses studies showing FFRCT has high diagnostic accuracy compared to invasive FFR measurements. The PLATFORM trial found FFRCT was associated with fewer unnecessary invasive angiograms showing no obstructive lesions compared to usual care. FFRCT also led to lower healthcare costs without differences in clinical outcomes. A larger randomized trial is still needed to establish FFRCT's role in routine clinical care.
This document discusses wearable biosensors and provides examples of two types: a ring sensor and a smart shirt. A wearable biosensor combines a wearable device and a biosensor to allow for continuous physiological monitoring. The ring sensor monitors heart rate and oxygen saturation through photoconductors in the ring, while the smart shirt integrates various sensors to monitor vital signs and uses optical fibers to detect wounds. Wearable biosensors have applications in remote patient monitoring, athlete training, hazardous work monitoring, and combat casualty care.
Why comprehensive surgical monitoring has become so crucial in today’s scientific research space and how the MouseMonitor™ S by Indus Instruments is designed to address these specific needs. Industry experts Dr. Merry Lindsey, Director at the Jackson Center for Heart Research, and Dr. Corey Reynolds, Director of the Mouse Phenotyping Core at Baylor College of Medicine, share their experience with the MouseMonitor™ S and reviewed how it is used as both a vital signs monitor and platform for more precise physiological measurements.
This document summarizes early outcomes from the US IDE trial and global ENGAGE registry of the Endurant AAA endograft. In the US trial (n=150), the 30-day major adverse event rate was 4.0% and there was no mortality. At 1 year, the aneurysm sac size decreased or remained stable in most patients and the reintervention rate was low. The ENGAGE registry includes over 800 patients so far who mirror "real-world" cases. Procedural success was high at 99.6% with a median implant time of 90 minutes. Early outcomes suggest the Endurant endograft is a safe and effective option for treating abdominal aortic aneurysms.
Intravascular magnetic resonance imaging uses small coils placed inside blood vessels to provide both active tracking of devices and high resolution diagnostic imaging. Two types of intravascular coils - loopless and loop designs - can generate very high signal locally for imaging vessel structures with resolutions as small as 60-200 micrometers. This technique has been demonstrated to image vessels in animal models and humans with better resolution than external coils. Further developments are needed but intravascular MRI shows promise for guiding cardiovascular interventions and precisely localizing devices under MRI guidance.
Technical SEO for the Non-Techie: OverviewElementive
The document discusses technical SEO and provides an overview of the top 5 technical SEO areas: speed, uptime, errors, XML sitemaps, and HTML tags. It asks three questions about making content findable, the website crawlable, and content understandable. Specifically, it covers communicating with search engines, linking content, XML sitemaps, social media sharing, providing text content, avoiding errors, and using relevant keywords and tags. The next video will cover website speed testing and monitoring.
I provided analysis of terrorist activity in the MENA region between 6/15 and 6/30 for upwards of twenty guests. Special attention was paid to Islamic State and affiliated groups in Libya and Egypt, as well as American involvement in Iraq and Syria. I was joined by four colleagues, who had researched similar events elsewhere in the world.
اس کتاب میں آپ پڑھ سکیں گے:غیرِ طبیب کو علاج میں ہاتھ ڈالناحرام ہے، طویل عرصہ جوان رہنے کا نُسخہ، موٹاپے کا سب سے بہترین علاج، سَر میں خشکی کے تین علاج، دائمی نزلے کے 5علاج، گُردہ کی پتھری، شوگرکے 8علاج، حَیض کی خرابی کے نقصاناتاور بہت کچھ۔۔۔۔۔۔ ۔ ۔ آپ کے لئے ایک بہت مفید اور اہم کتاب جس کو پڑھنے سے آپ کے علم اور نیکیوں میں ان شاء اللہ عزوجل اضافہ ہوگا۔آپ اس کتاب کو ویب سائٹ پر موجودرہتے ہوئے آن لائن پڑھنے کے لئے Read کے بٹن اور ڈاؤن لوڈ کرنے کے لئے Download کے بٹن پر کلک کریں۔اس کتاب کے بارے میں اپنے تاثرات نیچے دئیے ہوئے Comments Box میں دیں۔برائے کرم اس کتاب کوعلم دین حاصل کرنے کی نیت سے خود بھی پڑھیں اور دوسروں کے ساتھ بھیShare کریں۔
Thoppil Bijoy Devassy is seeking a position in civil engineering where he can contribute his technical and educational background. He has over 10 years of experience as a project engineer and coordinator in Oman and India. Some of his responsibilities include site supervision, project planning, estimation, and quality control. He holds a Bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering from Datta Meghe College of Engineering and is proficient in AutoCAD, MS Office, and MS Project.
Formato para el proceso de Evaluación en el cumplimiento del Artículo Tercero Constitucional Mexicano y de los dominios y habilidades para evaluar a los docentes con base en el perfil, parámetros e indicadores del desempeño en el aula de clases.
Este documento contiene cuatro breves intercambios en inglés y español que incluyen una solicitud de helado, una pregunta sobre el precio, una solicitud de reservar un taxi y una invitación a jugar.
Nguyen Thi Hanh is a 28-year-old multimedia technician with 3 years of experience in 3D modeling, texturing, and animation. She graduated from the National Economic University in Hanoi and completed additional courses in multimedia design. Her skills include Maya, Max, Zbrush, Topogun, Mudbox, AfterEffects, Photoshop, and Premier. She has worked on personal projects like environments and characters for the film "Fireflies" and has freelanced on game environment development.
The documents discuss Michigan State University's role and vision as a global university engaged locally and internationally. MSU's president calls for a "land-grant university for the world" and emphasizes MSU's leadership in internationalization. The acting provost states that MSU promotes global awareness, collaboration, and operating effectively in a global environment. The documents also provide details about an awards ceremony recognizing individuals for advancing international studies and programs at MSU.
This short document promotes the creation of Haiku Deck presentations on SlideShare and encourages the reader to get started making their own presentation. It features stock photos of a person looking inspired next to the text. The document is advertising the Haiku Deck presentation tool and platform for sharing on SlideShare.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
A home owner's association (HOA) requires members to pay monthly dues in exchange for amenities like community pools or trash removal. Each HOA has different rules known as covenants, conditions, and restrictions (CC&Rs) that determine things like window coverings or maintaining property values. HOAs can provide benefits such as pools, trails, and yard work depending on their budget. If homeowners do not pay dues or follow rules, the HOA can place a lien on their property until fees are paid or compliance is met. Whether an HOA is seen as helpful or burdensome depends on the homeowner and whether they want amenities in exchange for following community guidelines.
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck, a tool for making slideshows. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation and sharing it on SlideShare. In a single sentence, it pitches presentation creation software.
This document summarizes a radiographic system, which uses x-rays to perform diagnostic medical imaging. It describes the main components of an x-ray system including the table, Bucky film tray, grid system, x-ray tube, and collimators. It also discusses different types of x-ray imaging techniques like conventional radiography, CT, angiography, and mammography. Digital radiography is highlighted as an advancement over traditional film radiography. Considerations for purchasing and maintaining a radiographic system are provided.
Cervical Cancer [ Incidence, Prevalence, Research Study, Introduction About R...DR .PALLAVI PATHANIA
Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide and occurs in the cervix of the uterus. Every year in India, over 122,000 women are diagnosed with cervical cancer and nearly 67,000 die from the disease. The main cause is human papillomavirus (HPV). Diagnosis is carried out through procedures like Pap smear tests and treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. Prevention focuses on HPV vaccination, screening, and healthy lifestyle habits.
This document analyzes the rate of normal vs abnormal findings from trauma CT scans performed at AAH over a 4 month period. The study found that 55% of scans were on men under 35, while 8% were on women under 35 and 6.5% were on children. The high percentage of normal findings raises concerns about unnecessary radiation exposure. The document recommends developing trauma CT guidelines to help determine appropriate cases and reduce avoidable scans by 20-40%. It also suggests exploring alternatives like Statscan machines to reduce initial radiation doses.
A primer of oncology basics for nursing students. Includes basic oncology, understanding cancer and understanding radiation therapy in an easy to comprehend manner.
This document provides information about Sapra Multispeciality Hospital located in Hisar, Haryana, India. It discusses the hospital's core values of integrity, transparency, patient dignity, excellence, and centric care. It provides details about the hospital's founders, vision, and mission. It outlines the hospital's accreditations and various departments including general surgery, orthopedics, neurology, medicine, obstetrics/gynecology, pediatrics, intensive care, emergency care, endoscopy, radiology, and laboratory services. It also describes the facilities and services offered such as ICU, dialysis unit, physiotherapy, pharmacy, and cafeteria.
This document summarizes key points about spinal metastasis including epidemiology, symptoms, diagnostic imaging, and treatment approaches. Spinal metastasis most commonly affects the thoracic spine and presents as back pain in 70-95% of patients. Imaging plays an important role in diagnosis, with MRI and CT being most sensitive and specific. Treatment depends on factors such as neurological involvement, tumor type, and mechanical stability, and may include radiation, surgery, chemotherapy, or bisphosphonates. The goal of treatment is pain relief and preservation of neurological function.
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2. Cancer and Oncology
• Cancer is uncontrolled growth of cells. They grow
and form new cancerous cells.
• Not all tumors are cancer; tumors that aren’t cancer
are benign.
• Why uncontrolled growth?
• Treatment of cancer is opted on the basis of medical
reports and type of cancer.
3. Cancer and Oncology
• Types of treatment techniques-
1. External Beam Therapy
2. Brachytherapy
3. Chemotherapy
4. Causes and Types of cancer
• DNA damage may be caused by inherited
genetics, cigarette smoking or sun exposure, or
other environmental factors (Diet, Obesity,
Infections, Stress, and Lack of physical activity,
Environmental pollution, and Radiation). It is
difficult to know exactly
what caused any one person’s cancer.
5. Causes and Types of cancer
• Carcinoma
• Sarcoma
• Lymphoma and leukaemia
• Germ cell tumor and
• Blastoma
6. Treatment Techniques
SMS medical college provides cancer treatment by following
techniques
• Teletherapy
• Linear Accelerator
• Brachytherapy
7. Teletherapy
• Working-
• Main Components-
A. Radioactive source,
B. Source drawer,
C. Source head,
D. Collimator and gantry,
E. Base housing,
F. Patient support system and
G. Control console.
8. Radioactive Source
• Cobalt-60 is used as a gamma source in Bhabhatron.
Cobalt-60 emits high-energy gamma rays of 1.17
MeV and 1.33 MeV. Bhabhatron has the capacity to
load a 15 kilocurie source.
9. Source Drawer
• The source is assembled in a source drawer. The pneumatically driven
drawer moves the source between shielded (beam-off) position and
treatment (beam-on) position. The cylinder will withdraw the source
automatically to beam-off position, in case of any emergency. In
beam-off position, the shape, size and location of the radiation beam
can be visualized using a light beam.
10. Source Head
• Source head is a heavily shielded container. Depleted uranium
and lead are used as shielding materials in the source head.
Low source-to-skin distance of 80 cm is achieved, by compact
design of the source head and the collimator.
11. Collimator and gantry
• The collimator assembly controls the size, shape and orientation of the
radiation beam. It’s fully closable collimator. During any emergency,
the collimator closes fully, protecting the patient from over-exposure.
Two sets of trimmers are provided to reduce the penumbra of the beam.
• Gantry holds the source head and counter weight. It can rotate around
the patient on a horizontal axis by ±180°, allowing source positioning at
any point on a circle of 80 cm radius.
12. Base Housing and mainframe:
• The gantry is mounted on the mainframe. Entire unit is mounted on a steel base below
floor level. The base supports the mainframe.
Patient Support System:
• The patient positioning table or couch consists of a turntable mounted eccentrically with
the isocentre.
Control Console:
• Bhabhatron controller is fully computerized. Data of treatment session registered on
hard disk can be retrieved for control and analysis. Many safety interlocks are provided,
to prevent the patient from over-exposure to radiation.
13. Gap Correction
• There is a chance that some patient may miss their treatment
and report later, I this case we use gap correction. The gap
correction can be calculated by the formula-
𝐷𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = (
𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
𝑇𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠+𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑑𝑎𝑦𝑠
)^0.11
Here is data of some patient who missed their treatment for a few
days-
15. Linear Accelerator
Working-
Electrons are not accelerated by drift tube structure of
electrode, instead of that a waveguide is used for acceleration. A
traveling electromagnetic wave is made to propagate along the
axis of a metallic cylinder. This cylinder is known as waveguide.
Main Components-
Gantry;
a) Gantry stand or support;
b) Modulator cabinet;
c) Patient support assembly (i.e. treatment table) and
d) Control console.
17. Quality Control of Beam:
There are several systems built into the accelerator so that it will not deliver
a higher dose than the radiation oncologist has prescribed. Each morning
before any patients are treated, the radiation therapist performs checks on
the machine using a piece of equipment called a "tracker" to make sure that
the radiation intensity is uniform across the beam and that it is working
properly. In addition, the radiation physicist conducts more detailed weekly
and monthly checks of the linear accelerator
18. Quality Control of Beam:
Linac has two radiation detectors (ion chambers) to
calculate the dose given to patient. Dose is preset in the
system and as the desired dose is achieved beam is
closed
19. Effect of Radiation on Blood
When body is exposed to radiation it’s the blood that is always affected by the
radiation because every organ and tissue remains in life by blood supply and it’s
sensitivity to radiation also contributes to radiation effectiveness.
Irradiation of Blood outside the body is also practiced for research purpose as
well as in blood banks.
21. On an average five millions cells of Red Blood Cells per microliter are found in
human body (A 60 Kg person has 4.2 litres of blood in his body). WBC or White
Blood Cells count comes around 7000/µL and 64% of it is Granulocytes and 4% is
Lymphocytes.
RBC in Adults (males): 4.6 to 6.0 millions
(Females): 4.2 to 5.0 millions
Platelets that are responsible for preventing internal bleeding in human body
have their count from 150,000 to 450,000 per microliter of blood. Risk develops
when this count is decreased to 20,000. The blood was tested at CBC facility of
SMS Medical College Blood Bank.
Blood Components
22. Calculations and Results
• 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 =
Required Dose
Calibrated Dose(per Second)∗Collimator Scattering 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
S.No. Dose to be given (Gy) Time required (Minutes)
1. 2 1.52
2. 6 4.56
3. 10 15.2
4. 20 30.4
5. 50 76.01
26. Future Work
• 1. Blood irradiation can be done inside the body and
recovery of cells can be seen by taking samples time to time.
• 2. Effect on Head & Neck and Lung can also be checked after
irradiation for hypoxic condition.
• 3. Brain cancer patient can be a volunteer to see the effect
of radiation on brain as oxygen level is very low here.
• Blood Banks may use irradiation facility. (in some countries
this facility is available)
A cancer cell is a result of DNA damage, in case of normal cell, when DNA is damages the cell either repairs the damage or dies but in cancer cells this damage in DNA is carries to next generation cells instead of repairing or death.
In EBT normally gamma source or linac is used
In brachytherapy sealed radioactive source often contained in applicator tube is seeded in patient.
Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer with one or more cytotoxic (Being toxic to cells) anti-neoplastic (Abnormal growth of cell preventing) drugs.
Carcinoma: Cancers derived from epithelial cells. Almost all cancers developing in the breast, lung, pancreas, and colon are carcinomas.
Sarcoma: Cancers arising from bone, cartilage, fat, nerve; each of which develop from cells originating inmesenchymal cells outside the bone marrow.
Lymphoma and leukaemia: These two classes of cancer derive from cells that make blood. Leukemia is the most common type of cancer in children.
Germ cell tumor: Cancers derived from pluripotent cells, most often presenting in the testicle or the ovary (seminoma and dysgerminoma, respectively).
Blastoma: Cancers arrive from immature "precursor" cells or embryonic tissue. Blastomas are more common in children than in older adults.
Bhabhatron is an isocentric, external-beam radiation therapy machine, using cobalt-60 isotope as radiation source. High-energy gamma rays emitted from the source are directed to the cancer site to destroy cancerous cells.
Linac can provide treatment by electron beam as well as by bremssatrahlung.
This type of treatment is given by placing sources directly into or near the volume to be treated. The dose is then delivered continuously, either over a short period of time (temporary implants) or over the lifetime of the source to a complete decay (permanent implants). Most common brachytherapy sources emit photons
Bhabhatron houses a Cobalt-60 source in a well-shielded containment. For treatment, the source is moved from shielded position to treatment position and the radiation beam is directed to the cancerous site, after controlling the beam to desired size, shape.
Cobalt-60 is used as a gamma source in Bhabhatron. Cobalt-60 emits high-energy gamma rays of 1.17 MeV and 1.33 MeV. Bhabhatron has the capacity to load a 15 kilocurie source.
The waveguide is a very long pipe, whose inside diameter is somewhat smaller than the free-space wavelength of the wave. If the waveguide were completely hollow the phase velocity of the wave inside would not equal the free space value. That’s why the tube contains equally spaced disks with holes in their centers to allow the passage of the beam. The disks load the waveguide so that the wave slowed down to desired velocity
There are two ion chambers because if one fails then other will inform the system that required dose has been given to patient and system commands automatically to stop the treatment.