Major Endocrine Organs

1. Lesson 8.2
MAJOR ENDOCRINE
ORGANS
CHAPTER 8: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

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Major Endocrine Organs

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• helps regulate
– metabolism
– heart rate
– energy level
– body temperature
– thirst
The Hypothalamus

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• Has two lobes
– Anterior
– Posterior
• Hormones secreted by the pituitary gland function in 2 ways
– They can act directly on target tissue to cause a specific response
OR
– The can stimulate other endocrine glands to release their own hormones
(Tropic Hormones)
Pituitary Gland

5. Anterior Pituitary secretes 6
different hormones:
• 4 of those are tropic
hormones

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• prolactin (PRO)
–growth of mammary glands
–milk production in a nursing mother
• growth hormone (GH)
–growth of bone and muscles
– Gluconeogensis = process where GH stimulates
fats & proteins to be converted into glucose by the
liver
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary

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• adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH)
– release of steroid hormones from adrenal cortex
• thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
– release of T4 and T3 from thyroid gland
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
Tropic
Hormones
Thyroxine Triiodothyronine

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• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
– in females
• estrogen production
• egg production
– in males
• sperm production
• luteinizing hormone (LH)
– in females
• ovulation
– in males
• testosterone
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary
Tropic
Hormones

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• An extension of the hypothalamus
• Does not produce it’s own
hormones
– Stores ADH and Oxytocin (produced
by the Hypothalamus)
Posterior Pituitary

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• antidiuretic hormone
– acts on kidney, decreases urine
output
• oxytocin
– acts on uterus, causes
contractions
– acts on breast, causes secretion
of milk
Hormones of the Posterior Pituitary
Tropic
Hormones

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• thyroid gland
– thyroxine T4 and triiodothyronine T3
• controls rate of metabolism
– calcitonin
• removes calcium from blood, puts into bones
• parathyroid gland
– parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• removes calcium from bones, puts into blood
Major Endocrine Glands

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• thymus gland
–thymosin
• development of immune system
(T-cells)
• pineal gland
–melatonin
• produces sleepiness
Major Endocrine Glands

15. • adrenal medulla (part of the nervous system)
– epinephrine and norepinephrine
• adrenaline rush
• adrenal cortex (outer layer)
– mineralocorticoids
• aldosterone
• sodium and water reabsorbed in kidneys
– glucocorticoids
• cortisone and cortisol
• promote gluconeogenesis
– sex hormones
• estrogen and androgens
• maintains sexual characteristics
Adrenal Glands

16. Adrenal
Cortex

17. • islets of Langerhans
–alpha cells
• glucagon
• increase blood glucose level
–beta cells
• insulin
• decrease blood glucose level
Pancreas
Normal range 70-105 m/dL

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• ovaries
– estrogen
• secondary sexual characteristics
• progesterone
• menstrual cycle
• testes
– testosterone
• sperm production
– Encased by the scrotum (located outside the body)
Gonads

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Fill in the blanks with: ADH, thyroxine, thymosin, or
adrenal cortex.
1. The thymus gland produces _______________.
2. The posterior pituitary gland produces oxytocin
and _______________.
3. Mineralocorticoids are produced by the
_______________.
4. T4 is also called _______________.
Review and Assessment
thymosin
ADH
Adrenal cortex
thyroxine
stores