facilities

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MAINTENANCE
AND OPERATIONS
Group 4

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What is operations and maintenance?
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An operations and maintenance program (also
known as an O&M) is a combination of general
maintenance, management, training, budgeting, and
business processes that are used collectively for the
proper functioning of a facility. Operations and
maintenance usually includes tasks to maintain
equipment before significant issues arise, such as
inspections, cleaning, minor part replacement,
lubrication, and fluid monitoring.

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Types of Maintenance
Preventive Maintenance
Corrective Maintenance
Predetermined Maintenance
Condition-based Maintenance
Predictive Maintenance
Reactive Maintenance
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Preventive Maintenance
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is the act of performing regularly scheduled
maintenance activities to help prevent unexpected
failures in the future. Put simply, it's about fixing
things before they break. It seek out and repairs
more minor issues and decreases the occurrence of
major repairs.
is easily described as regular and routine
inspections that look for wear before symptoms
appear.
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Costs of Preventative Maintenance
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Expect to pay more for labour under
preventative maintenance, so equipment
inspections occur as scheduled. However,
those added labour costs may be offset by
preventing major repairs and the increase in
energy consumption from machines that do
not operate at peak performance. In addition,
service can be outsourced, which can help
reduce the cost of labour.

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Benefits of Preventive Maintenance
 Preventions of major repairs.
 Keeps businesses open by
preventing most emergency
repairs.
 Adds to the product’s lifecycle by
reducing wear.
 Keeps energy costs at their lowest
possible rates.

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“ Corrective Maintenance
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Under corrective maintenance, maintenance
teams get to work as soon as a problem occurs.
The goal of corrective maintenance is to bring
systems back to regular operation as quickly as
possible. With corrective maintenance, there is
no program for regular maintenance. A problem
must be present before maintenance occurs.
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Examples of corrective maintenance
include:
 Repairing a broken HVAC unit
rather than maintaining it.
 Repairing an HVAC unit after data
from the unit shows it is not
functioning at peak performance.

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“ Cost of Corrective Maintenance
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 Because there is not a regular maintenance program that
prevents breakdown, maintenance occurs only when an issue is
noticed. The cost of repairs may be slightly more expensive, but
far cheaper than paying a crew to maintain equipment regularly.
The equipment is fixed just in time, but this method can backfire if
a catastrophic event happens. In the above example, the HVAC
is not repairable, and replacement is the only option. Even then,
some costs for replacement may be covered under warranty.

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“
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Benefits of Corrective Maintenance
Decreased monthly maintenance
costs.
Decrease in time for managing
maintenance.
 Focuses on non-critical elements.
A more straightforward maintenance
process.

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Predetermined Maintenance
Predetermined maintenance follows a plan of action created by the
manufacture of equipment, rather than scheduled maintenance laid out
by a maintenance team.
Refers to preventive measures performed according to calendar
schedule or operating time, e.g. the replacement of oil, belts, clutch
discs and other wear parts. The term also includes scheduled overhauls
where machinery and components are taken apart for inspection.
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Cost of Predetermined Maintenance
The cost of predetermined maintenance
programs is generally low. Because everything
is scheduled, you can plan for the purchasing
of parts and maintenance tasks. Costs do vary
based on the machinery and parts associated,
but even those are known costs.

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Predetermined Maintenance Benefits:
Much easier to schedule and manage,
including labor.
 The manufacturer outlines the
maintenance plan.
You can schedule technicians rather than
hire maintenance personnel.

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Condition-based Maintenance
Condition-based maintenance is a strategy that
monitors the actual condition of an asset to decide
what maintenance needs to be done. CBM dictates
that maintenance should only be performed when
specific indicators show decreasing performance or
upcoming failure.
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Cost of Condition-based Maintenance
The overall cost of condition-based maintenance is
low. Because maintenance is scheduled when
anomalies begin, the cost to correct them is less
than repairing a complete failure of the machine.
The benefits of conditional-based maintenance
show us more.

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Less downtime.
 Decreased energy consumption.
 Greater productivity — the equipment runs in
the range of peak performance for longer.
Fewer complete failures as equipment
maintenance occur as the performance drops.
Benefits of Condition-based Maintenance:

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Predictve Maintenance
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Predictive maintenance uses data analysis to
identify operational anomalies and potential
equipment defects, enabling timely repairs
before failures occur. It aims to minimize
maintenance frequency, avoiding unplanned
outages and unnecessary preventive
maintenance costs.
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Benefits of Predictive Maintenance:
There is a higher cost at set up for predictive
infrastructure, but overall, predictive
maintenance can save money by:
Improving product quality.
Reducing catastrophic failures.
Improved equipment performance.
Higher customer satisfaction.

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Reactive (Run-to-Failure) Maintenance
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Reactive maintenance is the world's oldest
approach to maintenance. Also called “run-
to-failure,” reactive maintenance refers
to maintenance tasks performed after an
asset has broken down. The focus is on
restoring assets to operating conditions as
quickly as possible.
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Reactive (Run-to-Failure) Maintenance
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Reactive maintenance is a maintenance system
that responds when a failure of machinery or
systems occurs. The repairs may be handled in-
house or by the manufacturer, or through a
combination of in-house maintenance and the
manufacture’s technicians. Unlike preventive
maintenance, reaction maintenance occurs when a
breakdown happens.
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Cost of Reactive Maintenance
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The costs of reactive maintenance can
range from minor repairs to total
replacement of machinery. Therefore, it
becomes difficult to predict the cost of
reactive maintenance, though occasionally
the cost is offset by a warranty or service
contract.

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Less maintenance staff, fewer employees, fewer
wages paid out regularly, etc.
Fewer costs to implementation – no regular
maintenance means no labor or part costs until
failure occurs.
Fewer management hours are needed for
maintenance planning.
Benefits of Reactive Maintenance
It may seem like a waste of money to not have any other type of
maintenance in place before machinery or equipment fails.
However, there are some cost savings associated with reactive
maintenance. Those include:

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THANK YOU
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