Magnetic Circuits

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1. The document discusses magnetic circuits, including definitions of magnetic flux, magneto motive force, and reluctance. 2. An analogy is drawn between electric circuits and magnetic circuits, with magneto motive force, flux, and reluctance corresponding to current, voltage, and resistance. 3. Various magnetic circuit elements are analyzed including series, parallel, and coupled circuits.

Engineering

UNIT-IV
MAGNETIC CIRCUITS
1. Basic definition of MMF, flux and reluctance
2. Analogy between electrical and magnetic circuits
3. Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction
4. Concept of self and mutual inductance
5. Dot convention-coefficient of coupling
6. Composite magnetic circuit
7. Analysis of series and parallel magnetic circuits
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

The region around a magnet with in which the influence of the magnet can be
experienced is called magnetic field.
The magnetic field of magnet is represented by imaginary lines around it which are
known as magnetic lines of force.
The total number of lines of force existing in a particular magnetic field is called
magnetic flux.
The unit of flux is Weber (Wb) and denoted by symbol (Ø).
1 Weber = 10^8 lines of force
Magnetic field
Magnetic Flux
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Magnetic effect of electric current (Electromagnet)
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

The magnetic field produced by electric current in a
conductor or a coil is similar to that of bar magnet.
(a): Bar Magnet (b): Electro Magnet
The direction of flux produced in a current carrying
conductor can be determined from right hand rule.

Right Hand Thumb Rule
Hold a current carrying conductor in right hand such that the thumb points in the
direction of the current then the direction in which the fingers wrap the wire will
represent the direction of magnetic lines of force.
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Case:1 Current Upwards Case:2 Current Downwards
Field direction: Case-1  Anti-Clock Wise ;
Case-2  Clock Wise
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

An Electric Circuit A Magnetic Circuit
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

A measure of ability of a coil to produce a flux is called the magneto motive force.
In a magnetic circuit, the magnetic flux is due to the existence of magneto motive
force (MMF).
It is proportional to the current and number of turns and is expressed in ampere
turns.
Magneto Motive Force (MMF)
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Reluctance
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Comparison of electric and magnetic circuits:

Dissimilarities
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Magnetic flux density (B)
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Magnetic field Strength (H)
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Relation between B and H
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Inductance is attained by a coil due to the self-induced emf
produced in the coil itself by changing the current flowing
through it.
Inductance of the coil is defined as the property of the coil due to
which it opposes the change of current flowing through it.
The expression for Self Inductance can also be given as:
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

where,
N – number of turns in the coil
Φ – magnetic flux
I – current flowing through the coil
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Mutual Inductance between the two coils is defined as the
property of the coil due to which it opposes the change of current
in the neighbouring coil.
When the current in the neighbouring coil changes, the flux sets up
in the coil and because of this, changing flux emf is induced in the
coil called Mutually Induced emf and the phenomenon is known as
Mutual Inductance.
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

case-1
case-2
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Case-3
Case-4
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Inductive Coupling in parallel:
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(2) Parallel Opposing:
Applying KVL to both loops
If L is effective inductance of parallel combination then
Comparing equations (5) and (6)
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Substituting the value of IL in the above equation
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Putting values of i1 and i2 in equation (1)
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

If L is inductance of parallel combination
Comparing equations (3) and (4) we get
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

1. The magnetic flux through all the parts is same.
2. The equivalent reluctance is sum of the reluctance of different parts.
3. The resultant MMF is the sum of the MMF in each individual part of the circuit.
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Write the expression for total inductance of the three series
connected coupled coils connected between A and B as shown in
figure.
From the figure
PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT
magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

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The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.

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Magnetic Circuits

2. UNIT-IV MAGNETIC CIRCUITS 1. Basic definition of MMF, flux and reluctance 2. Analogy between electrical and magnetic circuits 3. Faraday’s laws of electromagnetic induction 4. Concept of self and mutual inductance 5. Dot convention-coefficient of coupling 6. Composite magnetic circuit 7. Analysis of series and parallel magnetic circuits PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

3. The region around a magnet with in which the influence of the magnet can be experienced is called magnetic field. The magnetic field of magnet is represented by imaginary lines around it which are known as magnetic lines of force. The total number of lines of force existing in a particular magnetic field is called magnetic flux. The unit of flux is Weber (Wb) and denoted by symbol (Ø). 1 Weber = 10^8 lines of force Magnetic field Magnetic Flux PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

4. Magnetic effect of electric current (Electromagnet) PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

5. The magnetic field produced by electric current in a conductor or a coil is similar to that of bar magnet. (a): Bar Magnet (b): Electro Magnet The direction of flux produced in a current carrying conductor can be determined from right hand rule.

6. Right Hand Thumb Rule Hold a current carrying conductor in right hand such that the thumb points in the direction of the current then the direction in which the fingers wrap the wire will represent the direction of magnetic lines of force. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

7. Case:1 Current Upwards Case:2 Current Downwards Field direction: Case-1  Anti-Clock Wise ; Case-2  Clock Wise PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

8. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

9. An Electric Circuit A Magnetic Circuit PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

10. A measure of ability of a coil to produce a flux is called the magneto motive force. In a magnetic circuit, the magnetic flux is due to the existence of magneto motive force (MMF). It is proportional to the current and number of turns and is expressed in ampere turns. Magneto Motive Force (MMF) PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

11. Reluctance PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

12. Ohms law for magnetic circuit:

13. Comparison of electric and magnetic circuits:

14. Dissimilarities PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

15. Magnetic flux density (B) PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

16. Magnetic field Strength (H) PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

17. Relation between B and H PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

18. Permeability Relative Permeability

19. Faradays Laws of Electromagnetic Induction PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

20.

21.

22. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

23. Inductance is attained by a coil due to the self-induced emf produced in the coil itself by changing the current flowing through it. Inductance of the coil is defined as the property of the coil due to which it opposes the change of current flowing through it. The expression for Self Inductance can also be given as: PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

24. where, N – number of turns in the coil Φ – magnetic flux I – current flowing through the coil PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

25. Mutual Inductance between the two coils is defined as the property of the coil due to which it opposes the change of current in the neighbouring coil. When the current in the neighbouring coil changes, the flux sets up in the coil and because of this, changing flux emf is induced in the coil called Mutually Induced emf and the phenomenon is known as Mutual Inductance. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

26. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

27. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

28. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

29.

30. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

31. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

32. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

33. case-1 case-2 PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

34. Case-3 Case-4 PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

35. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

36. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

37. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

38. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

39. Inductive Coupling in parallel: PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

40.

41. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

42. (2) Parallel Opposing: Applying KVL to both loops If L is effective inductance of parallel combination then Comparing equations (5) and (6) PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

43. Substituting the value of IL in the above equation PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

44. Putting values of i1 and i2 in equation (1) PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

45. If L is inductance of parallel combination Comparing equations (3) and (4) we get PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

46. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

47. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

48. 1. The magnetic flux through all the parts is same. 2. The equivalent reluctance is sum of the reluctance of different parts. 3. The resultant MMF is the sum of the MMF in each individual part of the circuit. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

49. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

50. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

51. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

52. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

53. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

54. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

55. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

56. Write the expression for total inductance of the three series connected coupled coils connected between A and B as shown in figure. From the figure PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

57.

58. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

59. PATHAKAMURI NARESH (Ph.D.) ,Asst. Prof., EEE DEPARTMENT magnetic circuits RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

Magnetic Circuits

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