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Presentation
Machine Learning
Wahid Ur Rehman
Roll number CS-16
BSC 5th
semester
Govt Science Superior College
 What is machine learning?
 Training and testing
 Performance
 Machine learning structure
 What are we seeking?
 Learning techniques
 Applications
Outline & Content
 A branch of artificial intelligence, concerned with the design and
development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based
on empirical data.
 As intelligence requires knowledge, it is necessary for the computers to
acquire knowledge.
What is machine learning?
Machine Learning is…
“Machine learning is programming computers to optimize a
performance criterion using example data or past experience”.
-- Ethem Alpaydin
“The goal of machine learning is to develop methods that can
automatically detect patterns in data, and then to use the uncovered
patterns to predict future data or other outcomes of interest”.
-- Kevin P. Murphy
“The field of pattern recognition is concerned with the automatic
discovery of regularities in data through the use of computer algorithms
and with the use of these regularities to take actions”.
-- Christopher M. Bishop
Traditional Programming
Machine Learning
Computer
Data
Program
Output
Computer
Data
Output
Program
Learning system model
Input
Sample
s
Learnin
g
Method
System
Training
Testing
Magic?
No, more like gardening
 Seeds = Algorithms
 Nutrients = Data
 Gardener = You
 Plants = Programs
A classic example of a task that requires machine
learning: It is very hard to say what makes a 2
Growth of Machine Learning
 Machine learning is preferred approach to
 Speech recognition, Natural language processing
 Computer vision
 Medical outcomes analysis
 Robot control
 Computational biology
 This trend is accelerating
 Improved machine learning algorithms
 Improved data capture, networking, faster computers
 Software too complex to write by hand
 New sensors / IO devices
 Demand for self-customization to user, environment
Types of Machine Learning
 Supervised Learning
 Un-supervised Learning
 Semi-Supervised Learning
 Reinforcement Learning
Types of Learning
 Supervised (inductive) learning
Training data includes desired outputs
 Unsupervised learning
Training data does not include desired outputs
 Semi-supervised learning
Training data includes a few desired outputs
 Reinforcement learning
Rewards from sequence of actions
ML in Algorithm
 Tens of thousands of machine learning algorithms
 Hundreds new every year
 Every machine learning algorithm has three components:
 Representation
 Evaluation
 Optimization
Representation
 Decision trees
 Sets of rules / Logic programs
 Instances
 Graphical models (Bayes/Markov nets)
 Neural networks
 Support vector machines
 Model ensembles
 Etc.
Evaluation
 Accuracy
 Precision and recall
 Squared error
 Likelihood
 Posterior probability
 Cost / Utility
 Margin
 Entropy
 K-L divergence
 Etc.
Optimization/Search
 Uses best search algorithm
 Such like Breadth first,Genetic ect
5-Step Systematic Process
 Define the Problem
 Prepare Data
 Spot Check Algorithms
 Improve Results
 Present Results
Let's take a look at some of the top open source
machine learning frameworks available
 Apache Singa. ...
 Shogun. ...
 Apache Mahout. ...
 Apache Spark MLlib. ...
 TensorFlow. ...
 Oryx 2. ...
 Accord.NET.
 Amazon Machine Learning (AML)
Learning techniques available
 Rote learning_______if no perior knowledge exist then learn from input
 Deductive learning________conculsion=from observation
Deductive learning works on existing facts and knowledge and deduces new fro
m old knowledge.
 Inductive learning _________reverse of Deductive
Machine learning

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Machine learning

  • 1. Presentation Machine Learning Wahid Ur Rehman Roll number CS-16 BSC 5th semester Govt Science Superior College
  • 2.  What is machine learning?  Training and testing  Performance  Machine learning structure  What are we seeking?  Learning techniques  Applications Outline & Content
  • 3.  A branch of artificial intelligence, concerned with the design and development of algorithms that allow computers to evolve behaviors based on empirical data.  As intelligence requires knowledge, it is necessary for the computers to acquire knowledge. What is machine learning?
  • 4. Machine Learning is… “Machine learning is programming computers to optimize a performance criterion using example data or past experience”. -- Ethem Alpaydin “The goal of machine learning is to develop methods that can automatically detect patterns in data, and then to use the uncovered patterns to predict future data or other outcomes of interest”. -- Kevin P. Murphy “The field of pattern recognition is concerned with the automatic discovery of regularities in data through the use of computer algorithms and with the use of these regularities to take actions”. -- Christopher M. Bishop
  • 7. Magic? No, more like gardening  Seeds = Algorithms  Nutrients = Data  Gardener = You  Plants = Programs
  • 8. A classic example of a task that requires machine learning: It is very hard to say what makes a 2
  • 9. Growth of Machine Learning  Machine learning is preferred approach to  Speech recognition, Natural language processing  Computer vision  Medical outcomes analysis  Robot control  Computational biology  This trend is accelerating  Improved machine learning algorithms  Improved data capture, networking, faster computers  Software too complex to write by hand  New sensors / IO devices  Demand for self-customization to user, environment
  • 10. Types of Machine Learning  Supervised Learning  Un-supervised Learning  Semi-Supervised Learning  Reinforcement Learning
  • 11. Types of Learning  Supervised (inductive) learning Training data includes desired outputs  Unsupervised learning Training data does not include desired outputs  Semi-supervised learning Training data includes a few desired outputs  Reinforcement learning Rewards from sequence of actions
  • 12. ML in Algorithm  Tens of thousands of machine learning algorithms  Hundreds new every year  Every machine learning algorithm has three components:  Representation  Evaluation  Optimization
  • 13. Representation  Decision trees  Sets of rules / Logic programs  Instances  Graphical models (Bayes/Markov nets)  Neural networks  Support vector machines  Model ensembles  Etc.
  • 14. Evaluation  Accuracy  Precision and recall  Squared error  Likelihood  Posterior probability  Cost / Utility  Margin  Entropy  K-L divergence  Etc.
  • 15. Optimization/Search  Uses best search algorithm  Such like Breadth first,Genetic ect
  • 16. 5-Step Systematic Process  Define the Problem  Prepare Data  Spot Check Algorithms  Improve Results  Present Results
  • 17.
  • 18. Let's take a look at some of the top open source machine learning frameworks available  Apache Singa. ...  Shogun. ...  Apache Mahout. ...  Apache Spark MLlib. ...  TensorFlow. ...  Oryx 2. ...  Accord.NET.  Amazon Machine Learning (AML)
  • 19. Learning techniques available  Rote learning_______if no perior knowledge exist then learn from input  Deductive learning________conculsion=from observation Deductive learning works on existing facts and knowledge and deduces new fro m old knowledge.  Inductive learning _________reverse of Deductive