This document provides information about alfalfa (lucerne) and berseem crops. It discusses their scientific names, morphological features, varieties, sowing methods, nutritional values, annual production, and anti-nutritional factors. Alfalfa is a perennial legume crop that is drought and frost resistant, while berseem is an annual multi-cut forage. Both provide green fodder and can be used for hay. On average, alfalfa produces 100-125 tons/ha of green fodder annually in Punjab and 50-75 tons/ha in Sindh. Berseem yields 30-40 tons/ha annually and has no anti-nutritional factors.

2. SUBMITTED TO:
DR. MUHAMMAD FAROOQ
SUBMITTED BY:
Noman Anwar
15-Arid-4488

3.  Introduction
 Morphology
 Sowing
 varieties
 Nutritive value
 Usage
 Annual production
 Anti nutritional factors

4.  Scientific name is Medicago sativa
 also known as alfalfa
 Rabbi crop
 Leguminous family
 Perennial crop
 Drought and frost resistant

5.  Plant height is 2-3 feet
 Deep rooted
 Sawtooth leaf pattern
 Purple flower

6.  LAND PREPARATION
 3-4 ploughings, 2 ½ bags of DAP /ha
 Sowing time is Oct to november
 SOWING METHOD
 Ridges and furrows are formed about 45cm apart
and lucerne seeds are dibbled on both sides of
ridges using 3 or 4 seeds per hole
 6-8 kg/acre
 Drier regions best for crop production.
 First cut after 3 month of sowing.
 Later cuts after interval of 5-6 weeks.

7.  Sundar
 Pioneer
 powera

9.  Provide green fodder throughout the year,
 especially during two period of fodder
scarcity in the country
 Perennial forage and lasts for many years.
 Known as ‘Queen of fodders’.
 Good for hay making

10.  On average ,in six cuts per year,100_125
tonnes green fodder are obtained from 1
hectare in punjab and 50-75 t/ha in Sindh

11.  Saponins
 Can cause reduction in growth of animals
Phytoestrogen
 It can cause reduction in conception rates in
cattle and sheep
 Three pests, armyworms, gram caterpillar, and
aphids often attack the alfalfa crop.
 Sevin-85 should be dusted when attack near 5%
of flowering stage .
 Wait two week after spraying before harvesting
the crop

12.  Its scientific name is Trifolium alexandrinum
 It is a Rabi ( winter ) crop
 Annual multi-cut forage
 Nitrogen fixer ( leguminous )
 Highly palatable and digestible
 High nutrient value
 A fair degree of drought and cold resistance
 Excellent hay can be made from it
 Called “ King of the crops “

13.  2-3 feet in height
 Leaflet shape is
 Round
 Flower colour is
 white & round
 It Has a shallow taproot
 Stems are hollow, branching at the base, with
alternate leaves having 4-5 cm long and 2-3
cm broad leaflets.

14.  It is trifoliate ( three leaf attach at the same
 point)

15.  3-4 ploughings
 2 ½ bags of DAP /ha
 Sowing time is Oct to november
 The land is ploughed well and small sized
beds are formed which are flooded with
about 5 cm of water and seeds ( soaked in
water overnight ) are broadcast in the
standing water. To ensure uniform sowing ,
seeds are mixed with equal quantity of fine
earth.
 8-10 kg /acre

16.  Agati berseem
 Pachati berseem
 Peshawari berseem
 Anmol
 Super berseem
 Composite-84
 Saidi
 Misri

17.  The first cutting is obtained usually 45 days
after sowing and subsequent cutting at the
interval of 25 to 30 days.
 in the mid-hill zone during winter, interval
between cutting is about 50 to 60 days. In all,
5 to 6 cuttings may be obtained.
 30-40 tons/acre in a year

19.  As a multi-purpose fodder;
 As a high quality fodder
 Palatable fodder
 Non-toxic fodder
 Also used for hay making

20.  No anti nutritional factor

22. Crops Sowing time Method of sowing Harvesting Time
Berseem 21st Sept- end of
Oct.
Broadcast in standing
water
Nov.----May
Lucerne Mid Oct.- mid Nov. 45 cm apart in lines. Permanent yield from
December for 3 years,
after every 45 day
Crops CP LEAVES FLOWER protien Green fodder
yield (t/ha)
TDN Life
cycle
CF
Berseem 18-
24%
round white 18-20% 125-150 64.9% Annual 30.3%
Lucerne 15-
24%
Almost
flat
Blue-
yellow
20-24% 110-125 65.8% Perinneal 29.6%
KING OF
FODDER
QUEEN OF
FORAGE