case

1. 1. In your understanding, what is meant by the equal protection clause under Article III
Section 1 of the Philippine Constitution?
Answer: Section 1 of Article III of the Bill of Rights explains and requires No one shall be
deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law, nor should anyone be refused
equal treatment under the law." The citizens of the Philippines practice democratic freedom,
equal rights under the protection of the laws, the freedom of the individual to join any political
party, and his/her style of life and conduct. " As citizens of our nation, we must be granted
the right to value our lives, liberty, and property and not just accept it from any individual or
government official without due process. First and foremost, we all know that there are bad
people in every country who kill people in order to steal. It is the government's responsibility
to enforce this law in order to scare the bad people into not killing. Seizing land or property,
which is one of the proofs that the land is your title and the government cannot claim it if you
pay real property tax. We have an inherent right to life and liberty, as well as equal dignity.
The State should ensure, safeguard, and uphold equal concern and respect for these
fundamental rights.
2. When can arrests be made even without a warrant? Discuss.
Answer: Arresting someone without a warrant of arrest or without a warrant is against the Bill
of Rights Article III Section 1 of the constitution, yet there are several circumstances in which
a person can be arrested without a warrant. If a person posts bail in the courts and leaves the
country without court approval, he may be arrested without a warrant; a breach of a pardon
may result in warrantless arrest; and if he/she committed an infraction, he/she may be arrested
without a warrant. Arrest without a warrant Aside from private citizens, civilian arrests can be
carried out if necessary. Arrest, detention, or restriction of a person, generally for the goal of
imposing conformity to the law. If the arrest happens within the course of criminal
proceedings, the goal of the constraint is to detain the individual until he can answer a
criminal accusation or to prevent him from committing a crime. So, occasionally the police
injure the suspects, and the arrest warrant is crucial since this is why you arrest a person as if
you are proof against him, so they can calm the suspect down and give Miranda rights to him.
3. Mang Edgardo is a suspect in a drug related case that is being investigated by the NBI
officers. However, the NBI officers cannot find any link to him in the case, and furthermore
their evidence against the suspect is weak. The NBI officers got tires and cannot get any
statement that will make him guilty. So, they took turns in punching him and eventually
electrocuted him. When Mang Edgardo could not take it anymore, he admitted all the charges
against him and signed a document admitting that he is a drug pusher. The officers plan to
use the document as evidence in court against Mang Edgardo. If you were asked, is the
evidence admissible? Justify.

2. Answer: Mang Edgardo has the right to keep silent at all times in order to safeguard his liberty
and equal legal protection. Torture, isolated and secret confinement, or illegally taken by the
officer against him have previously led in a violation of Section 12 of the Bill of Rights.
Furthermore, the court found his confession against his will invalid and rejected the
evidence. Officers are present. As a result, there is a type of mistreatment towards in The
accuser resulted in the case being dismissed. As a result, Mang Edgardo can be sent free while
the cop faces charges. If proven, administrative charges will be levied.
Edison’s house will be affected by the MRT 10 Project of the Department of Public Work s and
Highways. It was an ancestral house situated beside Trinoma at which Trinoma Station will be
erected and will connect North Avenue Station of LRT 1 to MRT 10 and will help people from
Pampanga and Bulacan Area who will be benefited from the project. Is the government can
seize Edison’s property in exchange of just compensation?
Answer: Article 3 of the Constitution, Bill of Rights Section 1 as stated: Private property shall
not be taken for public use without just compensation", implying that the government cannot
be trusted. stolen private property without justification, but if the individuals can gain from
the initiatives, and so the government can Mr. Edizon's property may be acquired through the
use of Eminent Domain. As a result, the government pays Mr. Edizon the appropriate sum.
Recompense for property Keep in mind if the Projects are The government must cover the
costs that are purely for the benefit of the people. property obtained from the owner.
1.In 1994, the Court of Appeals convicted the 22year old Danilo in the crime of rape against
July Anne. After serving his sentence and a good behaviour in jail for 20 years, Danilo was
given an absolute Pardon by the President and was set free. However, a week after his release,
July Anne saw him in a grocery store and remembered the crime done to her by Danilo.
Angered by his release in prison, July Ann plans to file again a case of rape against Danilo in
court for him to be brought again in jail. If you were asked, can July Ann file another case of
rape in this scenario? Why?
Answer: Mr. Danilo served 20 years in prison and was granted a Presidential pardon for his
behavior before being released, so Ms. July Anne cannot file another rape case because the
accused has already been convicted and served his sentence, and under the Bill of Rights
Article 3 Section 21, No person shall be twice put in jeopardy of punishment for the same
offense. If an act is punished by a law and an ordinance conviction or acquittal under either
shall constitute a bar to another prosecution for the same act.” As a result, filing another case
against the suspect is pointless, and no one can face double jeopardy for the same
punishment and offense. As a result, the president granted him a pardon because of his
condition, he may be sick, we know it is difficult to imprisoned, and the life of prisoner
sometimes is dangerous.

3. 2.The Philippine Constitution prohibits foreign ownership of some industries and institutions
such as mass media and education. Do you think it is advantageous for the Philippines?
Explain your answer.
I think that is our country's advantage because as Filipinos, we need to relish ourselves,
appreciate the skill of Filipino employees rather than foreigners, and we also need our
reporters to be both Filipinos because they know what's going on in the country and if we
take in other countries, it may be biased, showing their culture rather than our culture, and
one of our problems will be the language barrier, and we may not understand what they are
saying. According to XVI Section 11 The ownership and management of mass media shall be
limited to citizens of the Philippines, or to corporations, cooperatives or associations, wholly-
owned and managed by such citizens. The Congress shall regulate or prohibit monopolies in
commercial mass media when the public interest so requires. No combinations in restraint of
trade or unfair competition therein shall be allowed. (2) The advertising industry is impressed
with public interest, and shall be regulated by law for the protection of consumers and the
promotion of the general welfare. Only Filipino citizens or corporations or associations at least
seventy per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens shall be allowed to
engage in the advertising industry. The participation of foreign investors in the governing
body of entities in such industry shall be limited to their proportionate share in the capital
thereof, and all the executive and managing officers of such entities must be citizens of the
Philippines.
3.If you are to marry a foreign national, do you want to retain your Filipino citizenship? Why
or why not? Is dual citizenship allowed in our constitution? Expound your answers.
If I marry in foreign national I retain my Filipino citizen because one of the duties and
obligation of being citizen is being loyal to our country. Furthermore, as a Filipino, you must
take the stance that you are obligated to our nation for being a citizen since this is where you
have lived, and you must return him by voting or intervening in our country's concerns.
SECTION 1. It shall be the duty of the citizen to be loyal to the Republic and to honor the
Philippine flag, to defend the State and contribute to its development and welfare, to uphold
the Constitution and obey the laws, and to cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in
the attainment and preservation of a just and orderly society. dual citizenship is allowed in
our constitution according to Republic Act 9225 otherwise known as the Citizenship Retention
and Reacquisition Act of 2003 (more popularly known as the Dual Citizenship Law) enables
former natural-born Filipinos who have become naturalized citizens of another country to
retain/reacquire their Philippine citizenship by taking an oath of allegiance

4. 4.Recently, the idea for ABS-CBN to acquire its congressional franchise is by means of People's
Initiative, in which the general public will be the one to propose the enactment that will grant
the media giant its franchise. Discuss the process on how Peoples’ Initiative will might
progress in this case. Do you think it is a futile step or not? Elucidate your answer.
Answer: We know that ABS-CBN is one of the media giant franchises because, as far as I recall,
we also used it incorrectly so that he would not be expelled from the Manila Zoo. We printed
many signatures and were successful, but the family member's signature did not succeed
because we know that the institution now has a lot of anger with ABS-CBN because they are
biased. The People's Initiative for Reforms and Movement for Action (PIRMA Kapamilya) was
created by a group of citizen volunteers in an attempt to give ABS-CBN a "people's franchise."
The organization's petition and proposed franchise statute may be downloaded. Residents
may now engage in the process, according to the group, by signing two printed copies and
presenting them to the PIRMA Kapamilya contacts in their legislative districts. PIRMA
Kapamilya attempted to gather 7 million signatures across the country in order for ABS-CBN
to re-enter the airwaves and resume broadcast operations. I believe this is an useless effort
because the signatures of millions of Filipinos were rejected by the Supreme Court, and the
ABS-CBN has several violations. The House Committee on Legislative Franchises denied ABS-
petition CBN's for a new 25-year franchise due to reasons such as the dual citizenship of ABS-
CBN chairman emeritus Eugenio Lopez III, suspected violations of the constitutional
restrictions on foreign ownership, reported labor, and tax.
Task Sheet 7
Above are the provisions of the Constitution on citizenship and suffrage. Read them and
answer the following questions:
1. The Philippine Constitution prohibits foreign ownership of some industries and institutions
such as mass media and education. Do you think it is advantageous for the Philippines?
Explain your answer.
I think that is our country's advantage because as Filipinos, we need to relish ourselves,
appreciate the skill of Filipino employees rather than foreigners, and we also need our
reporters to be both Filipinos because they know what's going on in the country and if we
take in other countries, it may be biased, showing their culture rather than our culture, and
one of our problems will be the language barrier, and we may not understand what they are
saying. According to XVI Section 11 The ownership and management of mass media shall be
limited to citizens of the Philippines, or to corporations, cooperatives or associations, wholly-
owned and managed by such citizens. The Congress shall regulate or prohibit monopolies in
commercial mass media when the public interest so requires. No combinations in restraint of
trade or unfair competition therein shall be allowed. (2) The advertising industry is impressed

5. with public interest, and shall be regulated by law for the protection of consumers and the
promotion of the general welfare. Only Filipino citizens or corporations or associations at least
seventy per centum of the capital of which is owned by such citizens shall be allowed to
engage in the advertising industry. The participation of foreign investors in the governing
body of entities in such industry shall be limited to their proportionate share in the capital
thereof, and all the executive and managing officers of such entities must be citizens of the
Philippines.
2. If you are to marry a foreign national, do you want to retain your Filipino citizenship? Why
or why not? Is dual citizenship allowed in our constitution? Expound your answers.
If I marry in foreign national I retain my Filipino citizen because one of the duties and
obligation of being citizen is being loyal to our country. Furthermore, as a Filipino, you must
take the stance that you are obligated to our nation for being a citizen since this is where you
have lived, and you must return him by voting or intervening in our country's concerns.
SECTION 1. It shall be the duty of the citizen to be loyal to the Republic and to honor the
Philippine flag, to defend the State and contribute to its development and welfare, to uphold
the Constitution and obey the laws, and to cooperate with the duly constituted authorities in
the attainment and preservation of a just and orderly society. dual citizenship is allowed in
our constitution according to Republic Act 9225 otherwise known as the Citizenship Retention
and Reacquisition Act of 2003 (more popularly known as the Dual Citizenship Law) enables
former natural-born Filipinos who have become naturalized citizens of another country to
retain/reacquire their Philippine citizenship by taking an oath of allegiance
3. Recently, the idea for ABS-CBN to acquire its congressional franchise is by means of
People's Initiative, in which the general public will be the one to propose the enactment that
will grant the media giant its franchise. Discuss the process on how Peoples’ Initiative will
might progress in this case. Do you think it is a futile step or not? Elucidate your answer.
Answer: We know that ABS-CBN is one of the media giant franchises because, as far as I recall,
we also used it incorrectly so that he would not be expelled from the Manila Zoo. We printed
many signatures and were successful, but the family member's signature did not succeed
because we know that the institution now has a lot of anger with ABS-CBN because they are
biased. The People's Initiative for Reforms and Movement for Action (PIRMA Kapamilya) was
created by a group of citizen volunteers in an attempt to give ABS-CBN a "people's franchise."
The organization's petition and proposed franchise statute may be downloaded. Residents
may now engage in the process, according to the group, by signing two printed copies and

6. presenting them to the PIRMA Kapamilya contacts in their legislative districts. PIRMA
Kapamilya attempted to gather 7 million signatures across the country in order for ABS-CBN
to re-enter the airwaves and resume broadcast operations. I believe this is an useless effort
because the signatures of millions of Filipinos were rejected by the Supreme Court, and the
ABS-CBN has several violations. The House Committee on Legislative Franchises denied ABS-
petition CBN's for a new 25-year franchise due to reasons such as the dual citizenship of ABS-
CBN chairman emeritus Eugenio Lopez III, suspected violations of the constitutional
restrictions on foreign ownership, reported labor, and tax.
4.If you are to propose a legislative measure by means of Peoples’ Initiative, what will be the
possible law you want to be passed and why?
If I propose legislation to assess the effectiveness of the People's Initiative. I made a rule called
PRMC (People Right Make Choice) since some people pick based on trends or the majority of
the decision, while others don't utilize their minds to decide what position they want and
instead rely on their friends and family. This legislation intended that if a law is formed that
only helps the government and not the people, it may be rejected immediately, and that every
law made must be voted on by their signature, and that only citizens of our nation can prevent
this action, whether it is accepted by the people or not. Any violation, threat, harassment, or
assassination of a government official will result in their removal from office if 60 percent of
citizens sign a petition. Individual freedom is often related with the phrase "choice." Individual
choice refers to more than just consumption; it has become an essential component of public
discourse as well as social science terminology used to evaluate various aspects of people's
life. Why do we need to pass this? To support the people's initiative and to demonstrate
citizen decision-making in government action in our community or country.
Task Sheet 8
When you have finished going through the experiences contained in this module, you will prepare a
Structural Analysisof the LegislativeandExecutivebranchesof the Philippine Government.Itshouldbe a
minimumof three pagesandmaximumof fivepagesexcludingthe coverpage andreferences.Forfurther
evaluation, It should also answer the following questions:

7. 1. Discussthe structural descriptionof the Executive and Legislative department of the Government.
The President, who serves as both the head of state and the head of government, leads the
executive branch. The president is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Philippine Armed Forces.
The president is elected by popular vote for a six-year tenure. The president then picks (and may
remove) cabinet members over whom he or she presides. The executive branch of government
is formally governed from Malacaang Palace, which also serves as the president's official home
in Manila. The President may no longer compete for re-election unless he or she is elected by
constitutional succession and has served as president for no more than four years. The vice-
president, as the second highest official, is first in line for succession if the president resigns, is
impeached, or dies in office. The vice-president is frequently, but not always, a part of the
president's cabinet. If the office of Vice President becomes vacant, the President will designate
any member of Congress (typically a party member) as the new Vice President.
A three-fourths vote of Congress will be required to validate the nomination. The remaining House
seats are reserved for sectoral members chosen at large through a complicated "party list"
system, with the party securing at least 2% to 6% of the national vote total. The higher home is in
Pasay City, and the lower house is in Quezon City. The district and sectoral representatives are
chosen for a three-year term. They can be re-elected, however they can no longer run for a fourth
term in a row. Senators are elected for six-year terms. They can be re-elected, however they can
no longer run for a third term in a row. The House of Representatives may choose to approve a
resolution to fill a vacancy in the legislature, paving the way for a special election. The victor of
the special election will serve the remainder of the previous district representative's term, which
will be counted as one elected term. The same procedure applies in the Senate, but only if the
seat is relinquished prior to a normal parliamentary election.
https://www.philembassy.no/the-philippine-government

8. Othersource:https://www.niu.edu/clas/cseas/_pdf/lesson-plans/fulbright-hays/philippine-political-
structure.pdf
2. In the currentset-upof the Duterte Administration,itissaidthat the Congressisa rubber-stampone.
Withthisscenario,dowe have anassurance thatauthoritarianismwhichsetaside checksandbalancesin
the three branches of the government will not take over this regime?
We still had no assurance that authoritarianism is have checks and balances in the three branches of
governmentanddestroyingourregime because itisfollowedbyasingle personorgroup withunlimited
authorityand obligationtothem.Itis alsoindifferentwithpublicopinion,andthere isnovoting. A bill is
passed based on the president's desires. Rubber stampingis formally approvingan idea or plan without
giving it any thought. For example, in the Philippines, President Ferdinand E. Marcos asserted
authoritarian authority during a period when the dominant power was based on the military and was
referredtoas martial law.We are all aware that this law has the potential toviolate ourhumanrights;it
doesnot fosterchecksand balances,andthere is no freedomof expression. The Philippinesisa republic
with a presidential form of government wherein power is equally divided among its three branches:
executive,legislative,andjudicial.The governmentseekstoactinthe bestinterestsof itscitizensthrough
this system of check and balance.
Checks from the President, the President has the authority to veto or disapprove a measure passed by
Congress.Appointmembersofthe SupremeCourtandotherspecial courtsasneeded.Modifyorsetaside
court decisions using the pardoning authority Checks by Congress, the Congress may override the
president's veto Reject the president's appointment. Revoke the proclamation of martial law or the
suspension of the "Writ of Habeas Corpus." It has the authority to define, prescribe, and apportion the
jurisdictionof severalcourts. Determine the salariesof the President,VicePresident,andSupremeCourt
MembersImpeachthe President,Vice President,Constitutional Commissionmembers,Cabinetmembers,
Supreme Courtmembers, andthe Ombudsman.The Supreme Court,as the last judge,has the authority
to deem legislative or executive actions unlawful. The Supreme Court, while meeting in chambers, may
also function as the Presidential Electoral Tribunal, hearing matters concerning the election of the
President and Vice President.The declaration of martial law and the suspensionof the privilege writ of
Habeas Corpus are subject to Supreme Court Judicial Review. Its Chief Justice preside over any
impeachmentproceedingsbroughtagainstthePresidentandVice-President.Determineif therehasbeen
a gross abuse of discretion on the part of Congress or the President, amounting to a lack or excess of
authority.
3. Some advocates of Charter Change are pushing or a Parliamentary form of government.Is it best for
the country to transform into the French Presidential-Parliamentary form of government in which the
Prime Minister of a Bicameral Parliament will be the head of the government and the President will be
just a symbolic head of the state?
I believe that transforming our form of government into French Presidential Parliamentary is not
the greatest option since the merger of powers, ironically, provides authority to the executive
branch rather than the legislative branch. In a fusion of powers, the head of government must
command the support of a majority of the legislature. If the majority is made up of members of

9. one's own party, the head of government can utilize these supporters to control the work of the
legislature, shielding the executive from being held fully responsible while also enacting any
legislation that are beneficial to the government. A revolt by members of the government's own
party (or, if the government is a coalition or minority government, by supporting parties) is
possible, but party discipline, combined with a proclivity among many electorates to vote against
unstable governments, makes such a revolt unappealing and thus unlikely. It will also cause
members of parliament to become too powerful and arrogant, as the prime minister is usually
loyal to his party rather than the people. Without a doubt, in a parliamentary system of
government, the prime minister's tenure of office is always uncertain, as the parliament can give
a "vote of no confidence" to dismiss him at any time. This might result in a crisis, segregation, or
instability in government. This system requires fewer persons to undertake both legislative and
executive responsibilities, it is crucial to highlight that a minister may lack specialty in one branch
of government, resulting in inefficiency. According to American constitution deliberately rejected
a fusion of powers out of worry that it would concentrate a dangerous degree of authority in one
body. Other countries, however, oppose the presidential system for the same reason, claiming
that it concentrates too much power in the hands of one person, especially if impeachment and
removal from office is difficult.
Other source: https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/eid/pidseid0602.pdf
4. The Duterte Administration is also pushing for Federalism? Do you think it will de-imperialize Manila
and will distribute powertothe Statesthatwill be createdwiththe passage of the new charter?Orwill it
just be a vacuum of power that will be devour by dynastic political families in various regions and
provinces?
Yes, the Duterte administration is promoting Federalism. President Rodrigo Roa Duterte's
quest for a federalization of the country's political system is exceptionally strong. Unlike the
current constitutional reform effort, previous efforts were primarily aimed at removing
protectionist measures against foreign ownership of land and foreign capital entry into certain
industries, as well as shifting from a presidential to a parliamentary form of government, with
federalism treated as a secondary item to garner broader support. This prioritization is being
reversed by the present reform push.
https://constitutionnet.org/news/dutertes-philippines-and-push-constitutional-shift-
towards-federalism
Federalism, based on the ideas of self-rule and shared governance, is considered as a more
feasible option. Duterte also sees federalism as a remedy to the 'historical injustices'
perpetrated on Mindanao's people, notably the Muslim majority. Under this government, the
federalism project is quite likely to fail. The yearly budget will be debated in Congress in July,
and lawmakers are already planning for the next presidential election in 2022. Duterte's

10. federalist fantasies might end up like past unsuccessful attempts to amend the 1987
Constitution. Duterte, who is from the southern island of Mindanao, was the first candidate
to win the president on a federalist platform. The Philippine archipelago has been afflicted by
an overconcentration of political and administrative authority in Manila since the colonial era.
Despite the country's lengthy history of decentralization, regional inequities persist.
https://www.eastasiaforum.org/2019/07/24/dutertes-federalist-project-indefinitely-on-hold/
I believe it is simply a vacuum of power that will be devoured by political dynasties in various
areas and provinces. We know that in the Philippines, that is one of our major problems, so
famous families continue to be officials of our government because the political dynasty has
become popular among us, as if after the father's term, his son or other part of the family will
replace in position, so sometimes citizens just trust that believe it will continue what started
their family, so those there a people give no opportunity to reelect in government because in
some famous and popular families Consider the Aquino, Marcos, Magsaysay, Binay, Duterte,
and Roxas families.