Loyalty programs are structured marketing efforts that reward preferred customer behavior to encourage repeat purchases. Common loyalty programs use plastic cards, smart cards, magnetic strips or RFID to track customer purchases and rewards. Research shows most consumers have at least one loyalty card, but many companies struggle to design effective programs. Programs work best when they understand customer motivations and offer rewards tailored to those motivations, both intrinsic and extrinsic, rather than just monetary discounts. Evaluating program effectiveness and comparing options when other factors are not equal is also important.