The document discusses issues with the London Ambulance Services' (LAS) implementation of a new Computer Aided Dispatch (CAD) system in the early 1990s. Key problems included a lack of thorough requirements analysis, unrealistic timelines, unclear roles and responsibilities, and poor project execution. Lessons include the importance of defining requirements, selecting suppliers based on more than price, implementing a structured project management methodology, and taking a phased approach to large projects. Organizations can avoid similar issues by strengthening project management capabilities, following a software development lifecycle, and ensuring proper governance and stakeholder buy-in for transformations.
Discusses some of the issues involved in scaling agile methods for large systems engineering.
Accompanies YouTube video atL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuK46hw3CyI
Why Design Patterns Are Important In Software EngineeringProtelo, Inc.
In software engineering, a design pattern is a general repeatable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. A design pattern is not a finished design that can be transformed directly into code. It is a description or template for how to solve a problem that can be used in many different situations. Learn how design patterns quickly solve common classes of problems and streamline communication between developers.
Project Management Leadership, And Skills : Planning And Control | Assignment...Emre Dirlik
University Of Salford Manchester
Msc Dijital Business
Module 2 : Project Management Leadership, And Skills : Planning And Control
Assignment 2 : People in Project
Discusses some of the issues involved in scaling agile methods for large systems engineering.
Accompanies YouTube video atL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GuK46hw3CyI
Why Design Patterns Are Important In Software EngineeringProtelo, Inc.
In software engineering, a design pattern is a general repeatable solution to a commonly occurring problem in software design. A design pattern is not a finished design that can be transformed directly into code. It is a description or template for how to solve a problem that can be used in many different situations. Learn how design patterns quickly solve common classes of problems and streamline communication between developers.
Project Management Leadership, And Skills : Planning And Control | Assignment...Emre Dirlik
University Of Salford Manchester
Msc Dijital Business
Module 2 : Project Management Leadership, And Skills : Planning And Control
Assignment 2 : People in Project
Neural & Fuzzy Logic On Linguistic Variable.
Modus Ponens,Modus Tollens,Fuzzy Implication Operators
Fuzzy Inference,Fuzzy Proposition,Linguistic variable etc are described here
DSDM is currently known as an agile development type. DSDM is a methodology that prioritizes schedule and quality over functionality. DSDM methodology has evolved and matured to provide a comprehensive foundation for planning, managing, executing and scaling agile process and iterative software development projects.
> It’s Straight forward framework.
> Simple & Extensible.
> But not suitable for all projects.
Software Project Management: Project CharterMinhas Kamal
Software Project Management: ResearchColab- Project Charter (Document-1.1)
Presented in 4th year of Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering (BSSE) course at Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka (IIT, DU).
Are Natural Languages Regular? This is an important question for two reasons: first, it places an upper bound on the running time of algorithms that process natural language; second, it may tell us something about human language processing and language acquisition.
Learn about Agile Methodology of Software Engineering and study concepts like What is Agile, Why Agile is there, Agile Principles, Agile Manifesto with Pros & Cons of it.
Presentation also include Agile Testing Methodology like Scrum, Crystal Methodologies, DSDM, Feature Driven Development, Lean Software Development & Extreme Programming.
If you watch this one please rate it and do share this presentation to others so then can easily learn more about the Agile Methodology.
Introduction to Computer theory Daniel Cohen Chapter 4 & 5 SolutionsAshu
Solutions to selected important questions of chapter 4 and chapter 5 of Daniel I.A Cohen book Introduction to theory of computation used in many universities.
Neural & Fuzzy Logic On Linguistic Variable.
Modus Ponens,Modus Tollens,Fuzzy Implication Operators
Fuzzy Inference,Fuzzy Proposition,Linguistic variable etc are described here
DSDM is currently known as an agile development type. DSDM is a methodology that prioritizes schedule and quality over functionality. DSDM methodology has evolved and matured to provide a comprehensive foundation for planning, managing, executing and scaling agile process and iterative software development projects.
> It’s Straight forward framework.
> Simple & Extensible.
> But not suitable for all projects.
Software Project Management: Project CharterMinhas Kamal
Software Project Management: ResearchColab- Project Charter (Document-1.1)
Presented in 4th year of Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering (BSSE) course at Institute of Information Technology, University of Dhaka (IIT, DU).
Are Natural Languages Regular? This is an important question for two reasons: first, it places an upper bound on the running time of algorithms that process natural language; second, it may tell us something about human language processing and language acquisition.
Learn about Agile Methodology of Software Engineering and study concepts like What is Agile, Why Agile is there, Agile Principles, Agile Manifesto with Pros & Cons of it.
Presentation also include Agile Testing Methodology like Scrum, Crystal Methodologies, DSDM, Feature Driven Development, Lean Software Development & Extreme Programming.
If you watch this one please rate it and do share this presentation to others so then can easily learn more about the Agile Methodology.
Introduction to Computer theory Daniel Cohen Chapter 4 & 5 SolutionsAshu
Solutions to selected important questions of chapter 4 and chapter 5 of Daniel I.A Cohen book Introduction to theory of computation used in many universities.
Asset finance system project initiation 101. “Selecting and implementing a new asset finance system? In the second of three articles, we go back to basics to take a look at what you need to consider at the start of your project to give yourself the best chance of success.” This has necessarily been a brief look at Project Initiation. We welcome comments and would be happy to help you get your project off to a good start.
Agile methods promise to deliver projects quicker so that benefits can be realized sooner; and you can use agile techniques for delivering packaged software too...
Agile projects are for delivering packaged software tooDavid Harmer
How we use agile methods and "Use Cases" to deliver projects more effectively. We contend that the coding and configuration required by packaged systems is comparable to development, making their implementation amenable to agile techniques. Here we explain how and why.
Perspectives on the adherance to scrum rules in software project managementnooriasukmaningtyas
Adapting users need to fulfill their requirements and delivering products to be on time within the planned cost, is critical matter that all software project managers (SPM) put the highest priority for it while considering the users satisfaction at the same time. Agile methodology is one of the solutions provided by software engineers (SE), to get the customers involved in the system development life cycle (SDLC) to avoid the risk nonconformance cost. Yet SPM’s still facing the nonconformance costs and the dynamic changes, and the root cause of the issue is not pointed on to find a solution for it. This undertaking research aimed at determining whether software developers understand scrum rules. In addition, how does this knowledge gab affect the software projects success from the project management perspective. Furthermore, the engagement studied the impact of lack of enough knowledge on the topic to project delivery. The collected data from the qualitative and quantitative methods, which was conducted with scrum teams who worked in the health information system (HIS), Educational solutions, and Governmental solutions has showed deviations in organizational practices and team conflicting, competition, and pressure as well as declined product quality.
“Selecting and implementing a new asset finance system? In the second of three articles, we go back to basics to take a look at what you need to consider at the start of your project to give yourself the best chance of success.”
This has necessarily been a brief look at Project Initiation. We welcome comments and would be happy to help you get your project off to a good start.
Understanding Alternative Approaches for System DevelopmentTameez Ansari
Software development methodologies have been in existence for a long time and as the business and technology landscape changes, it’s not surprising to see something new comes around to makes waves. Waterfall software development methodology was first adopted in the 1980s and it became a standard at the US DoD. While it provided for a structured approach to software development and delivering the product, it also was faulted for high project failure rates.
Estimation of agile functionality in software developmentBashir Nasr Azadani
Estimation of Agile Functionality in Software Development - ISBN: 978-988-98671-8-8
Publication date: Mar 21, 2008 presented at International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2008 Vol I
VoIP Implementation WBSTask NameDurationStart DateEnd DatePredeces.docxjessiehampson
VoIP Implementation WBSTask NameDurationStart DateEnd DatePredecessors% CompleteStatusAssigned ToCommentsStartFinishCritical1. Intiation14d10/02/1910/15/1999%CompleteJevin 1.1 Recommendation & evaluation3d10/02/1910/04/19100%CompletedJenny 1.2 Project chart Deveelopment2d10/05/1910/06/19100%CompletedJenny 1.3 Outline of deliverable2d10/07/1910/08/19100%CompletedMark 1.4 Stakeholders analysis3d10/09/1910/11/194100%CompletedJoe 1.5 Charter signed by Authority4d10/12/1910/15/1995%In ProgressJoe2. Planning22d10/16/1911/07/19 2.1 Make a scope management2d10/16/1910/17/190%Not StartedJudy 2.2 Design the project team4d10/18/1910/21/090%Not StartedMolly 2.3 Intial meeting to boost the project3d10/22/1910/24/190%Not StartedMolly 2.4 Development of project plan2d10/25/1910/26/19130%Not StartedJudy 2.4.1 Create the schedules2d10/27/1910/28/190%Not StartedAlex 2.4.2 Analysis the critical path3d10/29/1911/01/190%Not StartedAlex 2.5 Submission of Project plan4d11/02/1911/05/190%Not StartedTim 2.6 Approval for project Plan2d11/06/1911/07/19120%Not StartedTiana3. Designing20d11/08/1911/27/19 3.1 Meeting to boost the team2d11/08/1911/09/190%Not StartedMandy 3.2 Verify the user requirements3d11/10/1911/12/190%Not StartedMandy 3.3 Designing of system4d11/13/0911/16/190%Not StartedKathy 3.4 procurement of software and hardware3d11/17/1911/19/190%Not StartedKathy 3.5 Installation of development system2d11/20/1911/21/190%Not StartedTim 3.6 Initiate testing3d11/22/1911/24/190%Not StartedHarry 3.7 Installation of live system2d11/25/1911/26/19200%Not StartedHarry 3.8 Training of users1d11/27/1911/27/190%Not StartedTiana4. Control20d11/28/1912/18/19 4.1 Management of Project4d11/28/1912/01/190%Not StartedMolly 4.2 Meetings to track the status of the meeting4d12/02/1912/05/190%Not StartedMolly 4.3 Risk management8d12/06/1912/13/190%Not StartedManoj 4.4 Updation of project management plan5d12/14/1912/18/190%Not StartedMandy5. Closing11d12/19/1912/29/19 5.1 Audit procurement4d12/19/1912/22/190%Not StartedAlisha 5.2 Updating and revision of documents2d12/23/1912/24/19300%Not StartedPrem 5.3 Update records and files2d12/25/1912/26/190%Not StartedHari 5.4 Receive the acceptance formally1d12/27/1912/27/190%Not StartedJames 5.5. Archieve Documents and files2d12/28/1912/29/190%Not StartedJames
Comments
Running Head: PROJECT PLAN-BUSINESS REQUIRMENT DOCUMENT 1
PROJECT PLAN-BUSINESS REQUIRMENT DOCUMENT 21
Project Plan-Business Requirement Document
CIS 599 Graduate Info Systems Capstone
Abstract
After finishing project plan inception with introduction Docume ...
Agile software development and challengeseSAT Journals
Abstract Loyal and steady customer base alone can keep the organizations successful in the current turbulent business environment. In the current era of software engineering, the success of a business process is measured in terms of „customer satisfaction‟ rather than any other criteria like meeting deadlines for delivery, optimization of data, architecture etc. Day by day, customers are turning out to be more demanding, as their expectations from the software are growing. In order to achieve customer satisfaction in a meaningful way, software engineers are looking for more effective development models. “Agile” is one such model, that fits the bill and therefore industry is looking at with interest .Is agile better than traditional waterfall model will agile work effectively with distributed teams which is most common in the current software engineering Phenomenon. This paper highlights a few challenges with Agile->scrum and gives an insight to the user whether the agile is THE SILVER BULLET . Index Terms: waterfall, Agile, Scrum, XP, distributed teams
Similar to London Ambulance Services (LAS) In a state of Emergency (20)
Proactive steps to ensure the success of the next ERP project.
The main goal of this presentation is to provide learned lessons and project recommendations
by assessing the failure of Avon order managementsystem project from an IT projectmanagement perspective
Organizations can establish a consistent method for determining if projects are having an adverse impact on the IT portfolio, are failing and need to be shut down.
Specific criteria and data to be collected and analyzed may include the following:
It is of no secret that the technological constant developments have affected many aspects of human lives within the last decades.
Managing people in a co-located team differ than a distributed team; the traditional co-located teams require depth understanding for the dynamics of human and social grouping, while dealing with virtual teams has created additional difficulties for management.
In the distributed teams, the spirit of collaboration is harder to be achieved, and the interaction between team members becomes less visible, which definitely would affect achieving the organization objective and the managerial process effectiveness.
Virtual collaboration enables distributed expertise to focus on shared problems with a necessary interfacing through technology.
Quality of interaction is critical for establishing the framework for successful collaboration on any team, virtual or not; however, the usual hurdles of any group of people coming together to tackle difficult problems is exacerbated in virtual groups by having to rely on technology.
For this reason, virtual collaboration should be planned for and supported by the development of specific interaction skills and the technological proficiency that will help ensure project success.
There continues to be a need to understand how technology changes the nature of work and collaboration.
Because of Geographical distance, the biggest challenge that faced the project / program manager is managing a virtual team.
In the following papers, I will shine the light on some tools, techniques, and useful Idea to managing virtual projects.
The main goal of this presentation is to draw the roadmap of the methodology of implementing the Knowledge Management at the HCL’s prospective customersTaking advantage of longexperience and HCL developed KM tools .
While the main processes of knowledge management is a challenge in the organizations, it must be some technical tools to help organization to enhance their service and create competitive advantage.
In the following papers, I will explore some tools and social Medias that influence the Knowledge Management in the organizations.
Effectiveness of knowledge management depends on how knowledge management process are aligned with an organizations infrastructure and processes that supports the achievement of organizations goals. To understand and represent relationships a simple list of elements and process is scanty, we need a holistic framework where all are integrated into a dynamic framework. The proposed framework is particularly focused on dividing the identified organizational building blocks into their constituent elements along both time and content dimensions to define characteristics of these elements, and it also define the relationships between the organizations to form a social ecology in which people effectively create share and use knowledge in business management. In this way, the developed framework can assist management to understand the true nature of the relationship that exist between an organization and knowledge management process, and exploit them for an organizations success.
The Alexandria Hospital is a small public hospital found in the Midwestern part of Singapore. The hospital that was established as a British Military Hospital in 1938 and after serving for thirty-three years was handed to the Singapore government by the British administration and renamed to Alexandria Hospital.
The hospital has undertaken many initiatives to upgrade its major facilities to serve the patients better. It began rethink how to enhance patient services via the exploitation of technology.
The decision was to implement the Clinical Digital Dashboard (CDD) and the Clinical Connection Suite (CCS).
Although they were pressured from the Health Minister challenge to form a health care center that provides continuous focus on patients, But the main objectives of implementing these system were to include all patient's issues in one database to improve the hospital operation and delivering a seamless, safe, and patient centric health care...
GFS Crane from GreenField Software provides a complete range of DCIM capabilities: data center modeling, facilities and IT infrastructure monitoring, provisioning, capacity planning, asset management, energy efficiency and sustainability reporting.
GFS Crane is an ERP for Data Centers, allocating and optimizing key resources – power, space, cooling and networks.
The software from India-based GreenField Software helps data centers control capital costs, reduce operating expenses, and mitigate the risks of data center failures.
Green IT should be a big part of any enterprise sustainability strategy with a strong focus on reducing energy usage.
Business leaders look for ways to reduce costs by minimizing energy usage, carbon emissions and waste. Technology can play a big part in providing the solutions.
IT Projects are typically complex undertakings where requirements, and their gathering from often multiple stakeholders, can often be difficult. The practice of Quality Management during the course of IT Projects should, in theory, lead to better governance and overall outcomes. This paper explores four individual IT Projects and details the methods of qualification gathering, stakeholder engagement and overall Quality Management employed. Following this is a review of the common themes found in each project and a discussion on their application from a Quality Management perspective.
The content:
The Challenge Today IN Oil & Gas Industry.
Supply Chain link in the oil and gas industry
Oil & Gas business process issues.
Factors that erodes customer and shareholder value
The suggested solutions
Conclusion
References
A prototype of adopting the Internet Of Things (IoT) in Dairy Farms.
This prototype was prepared to practicing in PROTOTYPE CHALLENGE of course " TOUCH IOT WITH SAP LEONARDO"
The Idea and prototype prepared by:
Monzer Osama
IoT@MonzerOsama.com
05/07/2017
The overview about some challenges in construction industry.
How to Improve project outcomes using Microsoft Project Online
How to enable team involvement and Boost collaboration.
How to make smarter decisions using the Business intelligent tools.
The main goal of this presentation is to study three large information systems projects that failed over the last five years and identify the reasons of failure and derive the challenges and recommendations for IS strategists.
The main goal of this presentation is to delivering recommendations on Infosys’s IS strategy,
Considering the Design Thinking as a Strategy for Innovation within Infosys.
The Metaverse and AI: how can decision-makers harness the Metaverse for their...Jen Stirrup
The Metaverse is popularized in science fiction, and now it is becoming closer to being a part of our daily lives through the use of social media and shopping companies. How can businesses survive in a world where Artificial Intelligence is becoming the present as well as the future of technology, and how does the Metaverse fit into business strategy when futurist ideas are developing into reality at accelerated rates? How do we do this when our data isn't up to scratch? How can we move towards success with our data so we are set up for the Metaverse when it arrives?
How can you help your company evolve, adapt, and succeed using Artificial Intelligence and the Metaverse to stay ahead of the competition? What are the potential issues, complications, and benefits that these technologies could bring to us and our organizations? In this session, Jen Stirrup will explain how to start thinking about these technologies as an organisation.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Le nuove frontiere dell'AI nell'RPA con UiPath Autopilot™UiPathCommunity
In questo evento online gratuito, organizzato dalla Community Italiana di UiPath, potrai esplorare le nuove funzionalità di Autopilot, il tool che integra l'Intelligenza Artificiale nei processi di sviluppo e utilizzo delle Automazioni.
📕 Vedremo insieme alcuni esempi dell'utilizzo di Autopilot in diversi tool della Suite UiPath:
Autopilot per Studio Web
Autopilot per Studio
Autopilot per Apps
Clipboard AI
GenAI applicata alla Document Understanding
👨🏫👨💻 Speakers:
Stefano Negro, UiPath MVPx3, RPA Tech Lead @ BSP Consultant
Flavio Martinelli, UiPath MVP 2023, Technical Account Manager @UiPath
Andrei Tasca, RPA Solutions Team Lead @NTT Data
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !
London Ambulance Services (LAS) In a state of Emergency
1. ANAG THE DIGITAL FIRM
November 2, 2014
Prepared By:
Andrew Considine | Fegbada Jude
Monzer Alshaikh warak| Paul Ong
Under supervision of Dr. Kamna Malik
London Ambulance Services (LAS)
In a state of Emergency
ACTION LEARNING PROJECT
Enterprise Systems Development
3. 2
LondonAmbulanceServices(LAS)InastateofEmergency|11/2/2014
Introduction
The London Ambulance Service's (LAS) decision to migrate from a highly manual
and inefficient dispatch system in the early 1990s to an automated Computer Aided
Dispatch (CAD) system was a critical decision for a service facing increasing issues
related to legacy systems and manual processes. From the beginning of the project
major issues were evident with the LAS
ignoring best practice and qualified industry
advice in the development of both it's
requirements and overall objectives and the
selection of it's supplier to build, deliver and
launch the CAD system.
This paper will outline some of the key issues
involved in the project including:
The development and definition of the CAD project’s requirements
Additional issues arising both prior to project launch and throughout the
lifecycle of the project
We will then conclude with our recommendations on process for the LAS, or a
similar organization, should follow with a technology project such as the CAD
project.
The problems related to requirements that prevented the
successful rollout of the LAS system
The problems related to the successful rollout of the CAD system by the LAS were
many and varied as clearly shown in the associated case study. We believe that these
can be broken down in to four main areas:
Requirements
A clear lack of a deep and thorough investigation of the end-to-end
requirements of all stakeholders of the project.
Planning
An unrealistic expectation on implementation timeframes and project deadlines.
4. 3
LondonAmbulanceServices(LAS)InastateofEmergency|11/2/2014
Resources & Capability
A lack of clarity in regards to the Project "Owner" (Project Manager) and clear
gaps in skillsets on both the supplier and client side.
Execution
A haphazard approach to system updates, testing and infrastructure preparation.
One of the most consistently blamed factors for system development project failures,
despite years of research on the subject, is poorly defined or investigated
requirements (Verner & Cerpa, 2005). Going one step further project failure can
usually be traced back to the practice and techniques used to gather requirements
and a lack of end-user involvement and understanding (Gahi & Kaur, 2012).
We’d argue that this was one of the key factors in the failure of the CAD Project.
The case study demonstrates that the key stakeholders from the LAS involved in
defining the CAD Project and evaluating responding suppliers proposals did not
have relevant and in-depth experience in running major software development
programmes. This led to unrealistic expectations on deliverables and outcomes –
even to the point of ignoring expert advice from the industry.
Though on the surface the LAS appeared to have a relatively clear vision of the
functionality they desired there were multiple gaps in the end-to-end evaluation of
the requirements including:
With the systems requiring 100% precision there was a lack of clear definition
of requirements across each LAS department involved and not enough analysis
of "what-if" scenarios like user error, incorrect data, malicious activity and
network failure.
The scope of the project was large and complex and thus would require a stable,
scalable and performing network infrastructure. Very little thought was given in
the requirements gathering process to the LAS network's ability to handle the
additional load of the new systems at idle let alone peak volume periods.
There was no business case or analysis of costs of each requirement at each
stage of the project thus there was no prioritization or phasing of the
requirements not a justification decision made for each. This led to the situation
where the LAS (and their poorly equipped vendor) were trying to develop a
supersized project as opposed to a phased project, which would potentially have
made the development process simpler and achievable.
5. 4
LondonAmbulanceServices(LAS)InastateofEmergency|11/2/2014
A more detailed, and end to end analysis coupled with a best practice approach to
the requirement gathering (such as provided by the Prince2 Methodology for project
management - identified as a clear skill gap in the LAS and vendor teams) would
have led to better project planning, including requirements gathering, and potentially
a more successful outcome for the project.
Lessons learned from “London Ambulance Services project”
In this section we cover additional lessons learned from the LAS’ CAD project in
regards to the planning of large and mission critical information system
projects.
1. Pricing, while important from a budgetary perspective, should not be the sole
factor in the selection of a supplier.
2. A clear process should be defined and executed for reference checking short-
listed suppliers.
3. NFRs (Non-Functional Requirements) should be considered early in the
development process.
4. A project should not be launched until all stakeholders are across the
requirements and scope of the project with clear sign off and agreement of the
objectives and outcomes.
5. Checkpoints should be defined throughout the lifetime of the project and all
work should be carefully documented to capture issues, success metrics and
learnings.
6. Project stakeholders, especially the overall Project Manager(s) should be
agreed on prior to Project launch.
7. An agreed Project Governance Framework should be
agreed on and followed throughout the Project (i.e.
PRINCE/PRINCE 2).
8. A Change management Plan must be enacted and
followed in a Project with multiple stakeholders and
impacted parties.
9. If the skills are not available internally the
engagement of a 3rd
party consulting firm or expert
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should be considered to run an independent audit of the Project requirements,
vendor selection and Project delivery.
10.Project deliverables should be based on a well executed Analysis & Design
process (PRINCE2) and not on arbitrary orders from management or a “wish
list” from individual stakeholders.
11.A Project’s critical success factors & acceptance criteria should be defined
and agreed early.
12.A phased approach to large scale Projects is advisable as this will lead to
management development and implementation cycles along with structured
testing of each “drop” of a SW system.
Actions that organizations should take to avoid the kind of
pitfalls faced in the case of LAS
The issues that plagued the LAS were many and we have covered them in detail in
points 1 and 2 above. The issues can be broadly classified into four main areas:
1. People
2. Systems
3. Processes
4. Governance
Many of the issues were project management related and although the PRINCE
Project Management Methodology was selected, the team had little or no experience
of applying the framework. In light of this, organizations are well advised to pay
serious attention to their project management capabilities when embarking on
significant projects.
Organizations would also benefit if they have SDLCs in place. “Software life cycle
models describe phases of the software cycle and the order in which those phases are
executed. Each phase produces deliverables required by the next phase in the life
cycle. Requirements are translated into design. Code is produced according to the
design which is called development phase. After coding and development the testing
verifies the deliverable of the implementation phase against requirements.”
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There are following six phases in every Software development lifecycle model:
1. Requirement gathering and analysis
2. Design
3. Implementation or coding
4. Testing
5. Deployment
6. Maintenance
By following SDLC, organizations minimize the chances of something going awry.
There are laid out plans, activities, tasks, processes and work parcels in each step of
the SDLC. The SDLC should also cover the project governance structure e.g.
Project steering committee including a Project director, Project sponsor, project
manager and working teams. The governance will lay out the ground rules as to how
the project and the project team will function. Roles, responsibilities, deliverables
and accountabilities are clearly identified so that every person is aware of their role
in the Project. To prevent a recurrence errors that occured in the LAS case, the
SDLC should be administered by the PMO. Organizations should also consider
having a separate PMs for IT and Business respectively and these two PMs could
work together and support and complement each other within the project.
Transformation is about changing the status quo. With this in mind, another key
takeaway for organizations from the LAS case is that in any major transformation, it
is imperative to win the hearts and minds of all stakeholders when trying to induce
behavioral changes. Kotter (2007) in his seminal research on transformation posited
that most change initiatives fail miserably as managers do not realize that
transformation is a process and not an event. The transformation process is a series
of 8 steps that build on each other and this entire process takes time. There are no
short cuts and each stage needs to be played out before another stage begins.
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Conclusion
It is clear that the LAS CAD Project was a failure and in this document we have
outlined that this was due to:
Poorly captured and understood requirements.
A lack of Project Management skills and clarity in terms of Project leadership,
which led to the selected Project methodology (PRINCE) being largely
ignored.
Poor supplier selection due to a haphazard approach to Procurement process.
A lack of planning and end view of the outcomes of the project.
Attempting to run the Project as a single Phased events as opposed to building
it out over multiple manageable phases.
Supplier selection based on low cost and rapid delivery with both being
identified as unrealistic expectations.
Our recommendation is that the LAS start the project again with a realistic vision on
timelines, deliverables and cost and to recruit the right professional team internally
and select a vendor with a proven track record and motivation to deliver
successfully.
References
1- Verner, J., Cox, K., Bleistein, S., Cerpa, N., 2005. Requirements engineering and software project success: An industrial
survey in Australia and the US. Australian Journal of Information Systems, vol. 13, pp. 225-238
2- Ghai, S., & Kaur, J. (2012, November, 2012). Analysis of User Requirements Gathering Practices in Agile and Non-Agile
software Development Teams. International Journal of Computer Applications, 58(8), 13-18.
3- Lawrence Chung, A Summary of Report of the Inquiry Into The London Ambulance Service
4- “What are the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) phases?” URL: http://istqbexamcertification.com/what-are-the-
software-development-life-cycle-sdlc-phases/ accessed 31 October 2014
5- Kotter, J.P., Leading Change: Why transformation efforts fail, Harvard Business Review, January 2007, Reprint R0701J
6- Michael McDougall, CIS 573,The Failure of the London Ambulance Service, November 16th, 1999
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Appendix 1: Leading Change: Why Transformation Efforts
Fail
The table below shows the 8 steps prescribed by Kotter (2007) with the antecedent actions
to be taken and pitfalls to watch out for at each identified stage. Management and
organizations are well advised to take heed of Kotter’s definitive work on change.
Stage Actions Needed Pitfalls
Establish a
sense of urgency
Examine market and competitive realities for
potential crises and untapped opportunities
Convince at least 75% of your managers that the
status quo is more dangerous than the unknown
Underestimating the difficulty of
driving people from their comfort
zones
Becoming paralyzed by risk
Form a
powerful
guiding coalition
Assemble a group with shared commitment and
enough power to lead the change effort
Encourage them to work as a team outside the
normal hierarchy.
No prior experience in teamwork at
the top
Relegating team leadership to an
HR, quality, or strategic-planning
executive rather than a senior line
manager
Create a vision Create a vision to direct the change effort.
Develop strategies for realizing that vision.
Presenting a vision that’s too
complicated or vague to be
communicated in five minutes
Communicate
the vision
Use every vehicle possible to communicate the
new vision and strategies for achieving it.
Teach new behaviours by the example of the
guiding coalition.
Under communicating the vision
Behaving in ways antithetical to the
vision
Empower others
to act on the
vision
Remove or alter systems or structures
undermining the vision.
Encourage risk taking and non-traditional ideas,
activities, and actions.
Failing to remove powerful
individuals who resist the change
effort
Plan for and
create short-
term wins
Define and engineer visible performance
improvements.
Recognize and reward employees contributing to
those improvements
Leaving short-term successes up to
chance
Failing to score successes early
enough (12-24 months into the
change effort)
Consolidate
improvements
and produce
more change
Use increased credibility from early wins to
change systems, structures, and policies
undermining the vision.
Hire, promote, and develop employees who can
implement the vision.
Reinvigorate the change process with new
projects and change agents
Declaring victory too soon – with
the first performance
improvement
Allowing resistors to convince
“troops” that the war has been
won
Institutionalize
new approaches
Articulate connections between new behavior and
corporate success.
Create leadership development and succession
plans consistent with the new approach.
Not creating new social norms
and shared values consistent with
changes
Promoting people into leadership
positions who don’t personify the
new approach