This is a presentation I created after a short study of Famine Relief Logistics.

1. Chapter 15 Logistics of Famine Relief

2. In Famine Relief Efforts, First and Third world logistics meet. What happens when advanced techniques are forced to operate in less than optimum conditions? In these situations the not-for-profit international logistics effort can be seen in action as well. Introduction Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 2

3. Famine Relief Logistics Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 3

4. Locations of Major Relief in past years Kosovo and Pakistan Somalia and Ethiopia Present Locations for relief (at time of printing) Afghanistan and North Korea (Predictions of a million in each loc.) Combined Logistics efforts and an understanding of Political, Social and economic structure allow success to take place. Famine Relief LogisticsLocations of Major Relief Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 4

5. Causes of Famine Not because there is too little food, it is not WHERE it needs to be. Logistics is the essence of famine relief; it gets the food to those that need it. Occurs in less developed regions Consumer is not the customer or the supplier Politics plays a pivotal role in the operation Famine Relief LogisticsCauses of Famine Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 5

6. Relief is the foreign intervention into a society with the intention of helping local citizens Can help or hurt a society Distribution of “free” food can disrupt existing local agriculture and logistics networks by delaying their development and postponing self-reliance Relief Agencies Over 100 major organizations world-wide Billions of dollars in food annually Almost all governments are involved as a donor, recipient or participant. In 2001 , the UN World Food Program had an operating budget of just under 2 B Famine Relief LogisticsRelief Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 6

7. Environmental – Caused by natural phenomena (Drought) Precipitation Drought – Lack of rainfall Runoff Drought – low levels of river flow Aquifer Drought – lack of groundwater Logistics Challenge – Drill for water or bring water in? Political Famine – More complex, usually an Environmental famine is exacerbated by war. Armed conflicts so bad, citizens are prevented from producing food Refugees flea the war, no support network once away Logistics Challenge – Move the people or the food? Famine Relief LogisticsTypes of Famines Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 7

8. Operation Lifeline Sudan (1989-1990) Led by UN International Children’s fund (UNICEF) - Sudan Operation Provide Comfort – Led by US Army 353rd Civil Affairs Command – Kurdish in Iraq/Turkey Operation Angel – Led by US military – Bangladesh (Typhoon disrupted food distribution in country) 3 Major Relief OperationsReferenced Later Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 8

9. The UN – United Nation’s World Food Program Deals with Famine and Refugees Food pledges from governments are used in distribution of relief Sustained presence and relief worldwide PVO – Private Voluntary Organizations (PVO’s) Come and Go International Red Cross and Catholic Red Cross Americare – Large plane full of volunteers is in country in hours. No needs assessment, just there. Compete for resources to complete tasks, rental trucks for instance US Agency for International Development (AID) Acquires food from the Department of Agriculture’s Public Law 480 (PL480) program Subdivisions – Organizations within (AID) Governments provide food for Diplomatic Efforts and to dispose of excess food from Subsidized farming Command and ControlTypes of Organizations Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 9

10. Some famine can be forecasted – Satellite Photos for example. Unusual trends in country with markets and infrastructure. Allows for preparation Information Management is the single greatest determinant of success. Challenge – Distance from those in need, unfamiliarity with situation and differences among relief workers Demand Forecasting Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 10

11. Popularity of the disaster affects how much relief resource is available 1983 – International Red Cross (IRC) appealed separately for Poland and Brazil (4X) and (2.4%) Food should be acquired as close to the disaster as possible. (Spoil in transit) Some food is not fit for relief Accepted food is on a list, unacceptable foods perish. Myriad of non-food items such as Tools, Fuel, Shelters, Sanitation equipment and Medical Supplies Sourcing Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 11

12. Survivability of supplies Ease of handling Transportation requirement Laws affect all these things in different countries Packaging Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 12

13. Shrinkage is much greater in famine relief due to the environment of war and disaster In Somalia food was flooded into the country to lose its value. No reason to attach aid workers Nonfood items are even more targeted due to value of tools and parts etc… Managing Inventories Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 13

14. Based on Political and or Security concerns Food for Oil Program – Embargoed Oil sold from Iraq raised money for food. Brought in by Sea and distributed in 3 cities in Northern Iraq ( 2,000 TEU’s , 6 Mo’s) Local Knowledge should be heard and considered by sources inside the areas of conflict Food is distributed at facilities and people coming to get it can become refugees or die in the process. (Kosovo) Site or Route Selection Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 14

15. Ocean transport is most common due to capacity and cost Port selection is based on inland access, Water Depth, Cargo Handling and Storage nearby, and Customs and Government services. Air is used for remote areas that lack infrastructure between Ocean ports and disaster zones. Air-Cargo Drops, a military technique, used when relief is immediately needed. E.G. CDS in C-130’s Land Transportation is the most costly in relief operations Transportation Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 15

16. Relief efforts require the same paper work as commercial shipments Freight Forwarders are often used to fulfill documentation requirements and arrange for transportation Waybills are used as packing slips of sorts. Fulfilling organizational accountability requirements. Documentation Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 16

17. Vehicles and Shelters used in relief should be marked identifying them as non-combatants, Geneva-Convention Supply Chain for parts and garages to maintain relief vehicles is very complex and dangerous Mercedes was chosen in Ethiopia since Mercedes dealerships were all over the Nation Parts and Service Support Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 17

18. In Humanitarian relief – the Sponsor is the constituent and the victim is a third party, no voice in the process Workers first answer to the Sponsor before the Victim Advertising is used by competing relief organizations until one wins a region then others are encouraged to stop Starving children raise more money on TV than farm improvement Advertising increases popularity of the crisis and increases support In developed nations, networks are customer driver, in relief they are not and confusion arises Customer Service Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 18

19. What are some of the causes of famines? Which famines are predictable? In famine relief efforts, in which ways do first and third world logistics practices meet? What are advantage and disadvantages of moving refugees into centralized camps where they can be more easily fed? What are some of the hazards in handling relief shipments of food that one does not normally associate with moving food in developed economies? Chapter Questions1-5 Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 19

20. What items, in addition to feed, are moved by relief agencies? Do they have special handling requirements? What are some of the challenges associated with the transport of relief supplies in third-world countries? What types of agencies are involved in providing relief to areas suffering from famine? Who is the customer that is being served by these famine relief efforts? In what ways if any, would the charters of an ideal logistics manager for a famine relief agency differ from the characteristics of an ideal logistics manage of a firm that built automobile mufflers? Chapter Questions6-10 Prepared and Presented by Matt Herring, 2011 20