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Location Data Signing –
Protecting the Integrity and Authenticity of
Positioning System Data
Marcy E. Gordon, Sean J. Barbeau, Miguel A. Labrador
{megordon, barbeau}@cutr.usf.edu
{labrador}@cse.usf.edu
Center for Urban Transportation Research
and Department of Computer Science and Engineering
10/20/2011 1
Background and Motivation
• The integrity and authenticity of location data is increasingly important
– Pay-as-you-drive insurance, variable transportation taxes, Connected
Vehicle applications, logistics auditing, and fleet tracking
• Can GPS data truly determine the historic or real-time location of a
device?
– Solution: digitally sign the data as it is produced
• Digital signatures are a mathematical method for showing the
authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation of a digital message
• Previous study showed digital signatures not practical on J2ME devices
• TRAC-IT is a mobile application designed to track travel behavior for
research and to provide personalized real-time travel info
• Objective: modify TRAC-IT system to generate a key pair, send the public
key to server for storage, sign each fix, send signature to server with the
fix, and then created a validation tool to verify the signatures
10/20/2011 2
Experimentation
• Ran key and signature generation tests on an emulator and a
HTC G1 phone w/ Android 1.6
• Tests varied the algorithm (RSA, DSA), hashing algorithm
(SHA1, MD5, SHA256), and key sizes (512, 1024, 2048-bit)
• Results: 2048-bit RSA key takes too long to generate, but
1024-bit RSA, 512-bit DSA are ok; RSA generates key pairs
faster, but generates signatures slower than DSA (but both ok)
10/20/2011
x 1 x Many
• Avg. power consumption: 1.57 W; with data signing: 1.71 W
• UDP packet (sending data to server) with signature is 66% larger
– But only 0.17% of possible packet size is filled
• Public key and signatures could be overwritten in the
database, so database must be trusted portion of system
• Location data signing on Android phones is feasible!
0
5
10
15
20
25
1 4 8 16 30 60 500
EstimatedBatteryLife(hours)
Amount of time between GPS fixes
Impact on Battery Life
Without
Signing
With Signing
Overhead and Conclusions
10/20/2011 4
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1
21
41
61
81
101
121
141
161
181
201
221
241
261
281
Power(watts)
Time (sec)
TRAC-IT Power Usage
TRAC-IT
TRAC-IT with
Location Data
Signing
CP = Ikt
P = IV
Questions?
Sean J. Barbeau, M.S. Comp.Sci.
Research Associate
Center for Urban Transportation Research
University of South Florida
http://locationaware.usf.edu
813.974.7208
barbeau@cutr.usf.edu
10/20/2011 5
Battery life experiment data provided by Marcel Muñoz Figueroa
8/5/2011 ‹#›

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2011 ITS World Congress - Location Data Signing – Protecting the Integrity and Authenticity of Positioning System Data

  • 1. Location Data Signing – Protecting the Integrity and Authenticity of Positioning System Data Marcy E. Gordon, Sean J. Barbeau, Miguel A. Labrador {megordon, barbeau}@cutr.usf.edu {labrador}@cse.usf.edu Center for Urban Transportation Research and Department of Computer Science and Engineering 10/20/2011 1
  • 2. Background and Motivation • The integrity and authenticity of location data is increasingly important – Pay-as-you-drive insurance, variable transportation taxes, Connected Vehicle applications, logistics auditing, and fleet tracking • Can GPS data truly determine the historic or real-time location of a device? – Solution: digitally sign the data as it is produced • Digital signatures are a mathematical method for showing the authenticity, integrity, and non-repudiation of a digital message • Previous study showed digital signatures not practical on J2ME devices • TRAC-IT is a mobile application designed to track travel behavior for research and to provide personalized real-time travel info • Objective: modify TRAC-IT system to generate a key pair, send the public key to server for storage, sign each fix, send signature to server with the fix, and then created a validation tool to verify the signatures 10/20/2011 2
  • 3. Experimentation • Ran key and signature generation tests on an emulator and a HTC G1 phone w/ Android 1.6 • Tests varied the algorithm (RSA, DSA), hashing algorithm (SHA1, MD5, SHA256), and key sizes (512, 1024, 2048-bit) • Results: 2048-bit RSA key takes too long to generate, but 1024-bit RSA, 512-bit DSA are ok; RSA generates key pairs faster, but generates signatures slower than DSA (but both ok) 10/20/2011 x 1 x Many
  • 4. • Avg. power consumption: 1.57 W; with data signing: 1.71 W • UDP packet (sending data to server) with signature is 66% larger – But only 0.17% of possible packet size is filled • Public key and signatures could be overwritten in the database, so database must be trusted portion of system • Location data signing on Android phones is feasible! 0 5 10 15 20 25 1 4 8 16 30 60 500 EstimatedBatteryLife(hours) Amount of time between GPS fixes Impact on Battery Life Without Signing With Signing Overhead and Conclusions 10/20/2011 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 1 21 41 61 81 101 121 141 161 181 201 221 241 261 281 Power(watts) Time (sec) TRAC-IT Power Usage TRAC-IT TRAC-IT with Location Data Signing CP = Ikt P = IV
  • 5. Questions? Sean J. Barbeau, M.S. Comp.Sci. Research Associate Center for Urban Transportation Research University of South Florida http://locationaware.usf.edu 813.974.7208 barbeau@cutr.usf.edu 10/20/2011 5 Battery life experiment data provided by Marcel Muñoz Figueroa