1. During pre-colonial times in the Philippines, various groups migrated and settled the islands over thousands of years, including Negritos, Proto-Malays, and Duetero-Malays.
2. Early Filipino society was organized into independent barangays led by datus, with social classes that included nobility, freemen, serfs, and slaves.
3. Pre-colonial Filipino culture included distinct indigenous religious beliefs, writing systems, forms of governance at the barangay level, and social hierarchies.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It discusses the early settlers of the Philippines, including the Negritos and various Austronesian groups. It describes the development of distinct peoples and communities by 1000 BC. The document also summarizes pre-colonial forms of government, social classes, housing, clothing, writing systems, religions and spiritual practices, and industries like mining, agriculture and fishing that were established when the Spanish arrived.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes how the earliest inhabitants arrived thousands of years ago and developed distinct communities across the archipelago. Each community had its own systems of governance, led by a datu or chieftain, religion and animistic beliefs, education, writing systems, housing, clothing, and social classes that included nobility, freemen, serfs, and slaves. Advanced industries like mining, agriculture, fishing and pottery were established by the time Spanish colonizers arrived in the 15th century.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It discusses the early settlers of the Philippines, including Negritos arriving 15,000-30,000 BC and Proto-Malays arriving around 2500 BC. It describes the social structure, with different tribal groups and warrior societies emerging by 1000 BC. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own systems of writing, religions, housing, clothing, and forms of government centered around independent barangays led by datus. Social classes included a petty nobility, freemen, and slaves.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes the early settlers of the Philippines, including Negritos around 15,000 BC and Proto-Malays arriving around 2500 BC. It discusses the development of distinct peoples by 1000 BC, including hunter-gatherers, warrior societies, and harbor principalities. It also summarizes pre-colonial practices like animistic spiritual traditions, indigenous writing systems like baybayin, forms of government centered around independent barangays led by datus, and a social structure with a petty nobility class and freemen. Housing, clothing, industries, and education were also discussed.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes how the earliest inhabitants arrived thousands of years ago and developed distinct communities across the archipelago. By 1000 BC, there were tribal groups, warrior societies, highland plutocracies, and estuarine civilizations. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own spiritual traditions, writing systems like baybayin, forms of government centered around barangays led by datus, social classes including nobility, freemen, serfs and slaves, and developed industries, housing, clothing and other aspects of culture prior to Spanish colonization.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes how the earliest settlers arrived thousands of years ago and developed distinct communities across the archipelago, including hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior societies, and coastal civilizations. It outlines that pre-colonial Filipinos had developed advanced practices in agriculture, metallurgy, and maritime trade before Spanish colonization. It also discusses their indigenous spiritual traditions, writing systems, forms of government centered around barangays led by datus, and social hierarchies comprising nobles, freemen, serfs, and slaves.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture, including its early inhabitants, systems of writing, forms of government, social classes, and architecture. The Negritos were among the earliest settlers, followed by Austronesian peoples beginning around 4000 BCE. By 1000 BCE, distinct groups had developed, including hunter-gatherers, warrior societies, and communities along rivers and coasts engaged in trade. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own writing systems and a form of government centered around independent barangays led by datus. Social classes ranged from primitive communal organizations to feudal systems in some Islamic areas.
During the pre-Hispanic period in the Philippines:
- Early Filipinos lived in communities of 50-2,000 people along waterways, forests, and fertile lands. They fished, farmed, and used boats to trade goods.
- Religion was animistic, with spirits both good and bad believed to inhabit natural places and objects. Supreme deities and other gods were worshipped among different ethnic groups.
- Society was organized into chiefdoms called barangays led by a datu. Barangays helped each other in times of war or need. The datu's position was hereditary and they were responsible for protecting the community.
- Social classes included nobles or
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It discusses the early settlers of the Philippines, including the Negritos and various Austronesian groups. It describes the development of distinct peoples and communities by 1000 BC. The document also summarizes pre-colonial forms of government, social classes, housing, clothing, writing systems, religions and spiritual practices, and industries like mining, agriculture and fishing that were established when the Spanish arrived.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes how the earliest inhabitants arrived thousands of years ago and developed distinct communities across the archipelago. Each community had its own systems of governance, led by a datu or chieftain, religion and animistic beliefs, education, writing systems, housing, clothing, and social classes that included nobility, freemen, serfs, and slaves. Advanced industries like mining, agriculture, fishing and pottery were established by the time Spanish colonizers arrived in the 15th century.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It discusses the early settlers of the Philippines, including Negritos arriving 15,000-30,000 BC and Proto-Malays arriving around 2500 BC. It describes the social structure, with different tribal groups and warrior societies emerging by 1000 BC. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own systems of writing, religions, housing, clothing, and forms of government centered around independent barangays led by datus. Social classes included a petty nobility, freemen, and slaves.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes the early settlers of the Philippines, including Negritos around 15,000 BC and Proto-Malays arriving around 2500 BC. It discusses the development of distinct peoples by 1000 BC, including hunter-gatherers, warrior societies, and harbor principalities. It also summarizes pre-colonial practices like animistic spiritual traditions, indigenous writing systems like baybayin, forms of government centered around independent barangays led by datus, and a social structure with a petty nobility class and freemen. Housing, clothing, industries, and education were also discussed.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes how the earliest inhabitants arrived thousands of years ago and developed distinct communities across the archipelago. By 1000 BC, there were tribal groups, warrior societies, highland plutocracies, and estuarine civilizations. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own spiritual traditions, writing systems like baybayin, forms of government centered around barangays led by datus, social classes including nobility, freemen, serfs and slaves, and developed industries, housing, clothing and other aspects of culture prior to Spanish colonization.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture and society. It describes how the earliest settlers arrived thousands of years ago and developed distinct communities across the archipelago, including hunter-gatherer tribes, warrior societies, and coastal civilizations. It outlines that pre-colonial Filipinos had developed advanced practices in agriculture, metallurgy, and maritime trade before Spanish colonization. It also discusses their indigenous spiritual traditions, writing systems, forms of government centered around barangays led by datus, and social hierarchies comprising nobles, freemen, serfs, and slaves.
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippine culture, including its early inhabitants, systems of writing, forms of government, social classes, and architecture. The Negritos were among the earliest settlers, followed by Austronesian peoples beginning around 4000 BCE. By 1000 BCE, distinct groups had developed, including hunter-gatherers, warrior societies, and communities along rivers and coasts engaged in trade. Pre-colonial Filipinos had their own writing systems and a form of government centered around independent barangays led by datus. Social classes ranged from primitive communal organizations to feudal systems in some Islamic areas.
During the pre-Hispanic period in the Philippines:
- Early Filipinos lived in communities of 50-2,000 people along waterways, forests, and fertile lands. They fished, farmed, and used boats to trade goods.
- Religion was animistic, with spirits both good and bad believed to inhabit natural places and objects. Supreme deities and other gods were worshipped among different ethnic groups.
- Society was organized into chiefdoms called barangays led by a datu. Barangays helped each other in times of war or need. The datu's position was hereditary and they were responsible for protecting the community.
- Social classes included nobles or
This document provides information about various aspects of pre-colonial Philippines, including early settlers like the Negritos and Indonesians, economic life which involved foraging and farming, the barangay form of government led by a datu, indigenous spiritual traditions and gods/goddesses, clothing like the barong tagalog, the baybayin writing system, and oral literary forms like riddles, folk songs, myths, and legends. It discusses the Negritos as the original inhabitants and hunter-gatherers, and the influence of Malays and Indonesians on governance, trade, religion and language. The barangay was the basic political unit ruled by a datu and council, and laws were disseminated by
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippines, including:
1) The early settlers of the Philippines like the Negritos who were hunter-gatherers and the original inhabitants. Indonesians also settled and introduced influences.
2) The economy was based on foraging, hunting, fishing and basic agriculture. Housing was made of natural materials.
3) Society was organized into autonomous barangays ruled by a Datu. Laws and governance followed customs and tradition.
Long before the Spanish arrived, ancient Filipinos lived in scattered villages ruled by chieftains and shared a common culture including religion, housing, governance and economic activities. They had their own literature as seen in folk stories, plays and songs that showed their customs and traditions. While some records were destroyed by the Spanish, folk songs and manuscripts collected by publishers provided evidence of a distinct pre-Hispanic Filipino culture, including their own alphabet similar to other Malayo-Polynesian scripts. Villages were called barangays and ruled by local leaders known as datus. Filipinos believed in a pantheon of gods and spirits and had varied styles of dress that indicated social status.
This document summarizes information about the indigenous peoples of the Philippines. It discusses the various ethnic groups that are considered indigenous, including descriptions of their cultures, traditions, and geographical locations. Some of the indigenous groups mentioned are the Igorot, Mangyan, Aeta, Ifugao, Kalinga, Ibaloi, Tagbanwa, and Lumad. The document also provides background on laws and government agencies established to protect the rights and cultures of indigenous peoples in the Philippines, such as the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples.
Before Spanish colonization in the 16th century, the Philippines was inhabited by diverse indigenous groups with distinct cultures, languages, and traditions. When the Spanish arrived, they imposed their governance, religion, and culture on the population, leading to significant changes in Filipino society. While Spanish rule introduced elements like Christianity, infrastructure, and new crops, it also exploited the indigenous population through forced labor and economic control, suppressed local cultures and languages, and created an unequal colonial society stratified by social class.
This document discusses the origins of the early inhabitants of the Philippines based on three sources of information:
1) The biblical story of creation describes the first man and woman originating from Adam and Eve. Some believe the first settlers were Tharsis and his brothers.
2) The theory of evolution proposes that early Filipinos descended from apelike creatures thousands of years ago. Scientists believe people migrated in waves, including short Negritos 25,000 years ago, taller Indonesians 5,000 years ago, and Malays 2,000 years ago who established a more advanced culture.
3) Legends and folktales like the Story of Malakas and Maganda and the Story of the Brown People
The document discusses the differences between indigenous and ethnic groups, using examples from the Philippines. Indigenous groups have a special connection to the land, while ethnic groups may or may not. The Moro are an indigenous minority group in the Philippines that faces discrimination, while the Tagalog are the largest ethnic group. The book "History of the Filipino People" by Teodoro Agoncillo explores Philippine history and the cultural preservation of indigenous communities under Spanish rule, the Filipino-American war, American rule, and the independence movement. It provides details on indigenous social structures, beliefs, and practices before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the Philippines.
The document discusses the various ethnic groups that inhabit the Philippines. It begins by defining ethnicity and ethnic history. The majority of Filipinos are Austronesian groups that speak languages in the Malayo-Polynesian family and have adopted aspects of foreign cultures like Christianity. The largest ethnic groups include the Cebuano, Ilocano, Pangasinense, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Bicolano, and Waray. In Mindanao, there are Muslim groups called Moros by the Spanish as well as indigenous Lumad groups. Smaller ethnic groups include the Negrito peoples like the Ati and Aeta. While most Filipinos are Austronesian, other ethnic minorities include people
The document discusses theories about the origins and early inhabitants of the Philippines based on biblical stories, scientific evidence, and legends. It describes how the first people arrived around 25,000 years ago during the Stone Age and lived as hunter-gatherers. Subsequent waves of migration brought Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays who settled different areas and had varying levels of technological development. While their origins are still debated, most early Filipinos shared a common base culture that was influenced by their environment.
The document summarizes the early history and culture of the Philippines from 200,000 BC to 1300 AD. It describes the earliest inhabitants possibly arriving across land bridges from Southeast Asia during the last ice age. Subsequent waves of Austronesian migrants introduced new languages and agricultural practices. Early Filipino society was organized into independent barangays led by datus. The economy was based on farming, fishing, weaving and pottery. Marriages involved customs like dowry payments and courtship rituals.
This document discusses the evolution of Philippine society and culture from pre-colonial times through the Spanish and American colonial periods. It describes the origins and migrations of the earliest peoples in the Philippines, including Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays. Pre-Spanish society was organized into barangays and had social classes. Spanish colonization established an encomienda system and frailocracia rule by friars. American colonization introduced English education, democracy, and economic dependence on the US while also promoting Americanization and a colonial mentality.
This document discusses the evolution of Philippine society and culture from pre-colonial times through the Spanish and American colonial periods. It describes the origins and migrations of the earliest peoples in the Philippines, including Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays in three waves. Pre-Spanish society was organized into barangays and had social classes of nobles, freemen, and dependents. Spanish rule established an encomienda system and created social rankings. American rule introduced public education, scholarships, and democratic policies but also economic dependence. Literature during this period reflected colonial vs. anti-colonial views.
The document discusses the culture of the Filipino people during four historical periods - pre-Hispanic, Spanish, American, and Japanese. During the pre-Hispanic period, the Filipinos had their own laws and social classes. They engaged in agriculture, trade, and had their own religious beliefs. Under Spanish rule, new social classes emerged and Filipino culture incorporated aspects of Spanish culture like language, clothing, and Catholicism. During the American period, the Filipinos were exposed to American political systems, Protestantism, new economic opportunities, and adopted American styles of art, fashion, and transportation.
Different Ethnolinguistic Groups in the PhilippinesRoi Fernandez
This document provides information on the different ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, including their beliefs and arts. It discusses the Capiznons of Panay, who believed in many gods and engaged in traditional weaving. It also describes the Cebuano people of Cebu, noting their blending of Catholic and animist beliefs as well as their rich musical traditions. Finally, it summarizes the Bicolano people of Bicol, mentioning their deeply religious nature and jewelry making in Paracale.
Customs of the Tagalogs by Plasencia (English version) (1).pptxssuserbdb0a5
Juan de Plasencia was a Franciscan friar who arrived in the Philippines in 1578 and helped convert natives to Christianity. He wrote "Customs of the Tagalogs" in 1589, which described pre-Hispanic Tagalog society. It detailed their social hierarchy consisting of nobles, commoners, and slaves. It also described their marriage customs, property ownership, and religious practices which involved worshipping ancestors and nature-based idols. The work provides valuable insights into Tagalog culture before European influence.
The document discusses several aspects of precolonial Philippine culture, including art, mythology, religion, medicine, politics, and warfare. It describes examples of Philippine art like woodcarving and weaving. It discusses the origin of Philippine mythology in folk literature and the purpose of myths. It explains that the early religion was animism and the belief in spirits. It provides details on supernatural beliefs, medical practices of albularyos and hilot, and the political system of datus, elders, and laws announced by town criers. It also briefly mentions the goals of precolonial Philippine warfare.
Reporter 5 kristine ponce our early ancestorstinabracosa
The document discusses theories about the origins of the early Filipino people from three sources: the Bible, evolution theory, and legends. It describes how the first people were the Negritos who crossed land bridges 25,000 years ago. They were followed by Indonesians who arrived by boat 5,000 years ago and were more advanced farmers and fishers. The Malays arrived later 2,000 years ago and were the most advanced, living in villages with governments and arts. Legends also tell stories of early Filipinos.
The cultural system of pre-Spanish Filipinos was influenced by paganism and animism as they worshipped nature and diwatas. The Babaylan, or katalonans, served important religious roles in villages by driving away sickness and providing spiritual guidance. Filipinos also believed in supreme deities like Bathala and various sub-deities related to agriculture, love, harvests, and other domains. Courtship and marriage involved dowry payments from the groom's family to the bride's family. Burial practices often involved placing the dead in wooden coffins under the family home with valuable items, and hiring mourners to accentuate grief. Overall, the document describes various religious, social, and cultural aspects
The document discusses the history of popular culture in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the modern period. It covers changes in government, education, technology, language, music, fashion, and other aspects of culture during the pre-colonial era, Spanish colonial period, American colonial period, and post-war/modern age. Key developments mentioned include the introduction of new political and education systems by colonizers, the emergence of telecommunications technology and social media, and the evolution of music, fashion, and language over time.
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This document provides information about various aspects of pre-colonial Philippines, including early settlers like the Negritos and Indonesians, economic life which involved foraging and farming, the barangay form of government led by a datu, indigenous spiritual traditions and gods/goddesses, clothing like the barong tagalog, the baybayin writing system, and oral literary forms like riddles, folk songs, myths, and legends. It discusses the Negritos as the original inhabitants and hunter-gatherers, and the influence of Malays and Indonesians on governance, trade, religion and language. The barangay was the basic political unit ruled by a datu and council, and laws were disseminated by
The document provides an overview of pre-colonial Philippines, including:
1) The early settlers of the Philippines like the Negritos who were hunter-gatherers and the original inhabitants. Indonesians also settled and introduced influences.
2) The economy was based on foraging, hunting, fishing and basic agriculture. Housing was made of natural materials.
3) Society was organized into autonomous barangays ruled by a Datu. Laws and governance followed customs and tradition.
Long before the Spanish arrived, ancient Filipinos lived in scattered villages ruled by chieftains and shared a common culture including religion, housing, governance and economic activities. They had their own literature as seen in folk stories, plays and songs that showed their customs and traditions. While some records were destroyed by the Spanish, folk songs and manuscripts collected by publishers provided evidence of a distinct pre-Hispanic Filipino culture, including their own alphabet similar to other Malayo-Polynesian scripts. Villages were called barangays and ruled by local leaders known as datus. Filipinos believed in a pantheon of gods and spirits and had varied styles of dress that indicated social status.
This document summarizes information about the indigenous peoples of the Philippines. It discusses the various ethnic groups that are considered indigenous, including descriptions of their cultures, traditions, and geographical locations. Some of the indigenous groups mentioned are the Igorot, Mangyan, Aeta, Ifugao, Kalinga, Ibaloi, Tagbanwa, and Lumad. The document also provides background on laws and government agencies established to protect the rights and cultures of indigenous peoples in the Philippines, such as the Indigenous Peoples' Rights Act and the National Commission on Indigenous Peoples.
Before Spanish colonization in the 16th century, the Philippines was inhabited by diverse indigenous groups with distinct cultures, languages, and traditions. When the Spanish arrived, they imposed their governance, religion, and culture on the population, leading to significant changes in Filipino society. While Spanish rule introduced elements like Christianity, infrastructure, and new crops, it also exploited the indigenous population through forced labor and economic control, suppressed local cultures and languages, and created an unequal colonial society stratified by social class.
This document discusses the origins of the early inhabitants of the Philippines based on three sources of information:
1) The biblical story of creation describes the first man and woman originating from Adam and Eve. Some believe the first settlers were Tharsis and his brothers.
2) The theory of evolution proposes that early Filipinos descended from apelike creatures thousands of years ago. Scientists believe people migrated in waves, including short Negritos 25,000 years ago, taller Indonesians 5,000 years ago, and Malays 2,000 years ago who established a more advanced culture.
3) Legends and folktales like the Story of Malakas and Maganda and the Story of the Brown People
The document discusses the differences between indigenous and ethnic groups, using examples from the Philippines. Indigenous groups have a special connection to the land, while ethnic groups may or may not. The Moro are an indigenous minority group in the Philippines that faces discrimination, while the Tagalog are the largest ethnic group. The book "History of the Filipino People" by Teodoro Agoncillo explores Philippine history and the cultural preservation of indigenous communities under Spanish rule, the Filipino-American war, American rule, and the independence movement. It provides details on indigenous social structures, beliefs, and practices before the arrival of Spanish colonizers in the Philippines.
The document discusses the various ethnic groups that inhabit the Philippines. It begins by defining ethnicity and ethnic history. The majority of Filipinos are Austronesian groups that speak languages in the Malayo-Polynesian family and have adopted aspects of foreign cultures like Christianity. The largest ethnic groups include the Cebuano, Ilocano, Pangasinense, Kapampangan, Tagalog, Bicolano, and Waray. In Mindanao, there are Muslim groups called Moros by the Spanish as well as indigenous Lumad groups. Smaller ethnic groups include the Negrito peoples like the Ati and Aeta. While most Filipinos are Austronesian, other ethnic minorities include people
The document discusses theories about the origins and early inhabitants of the Philippines based on biblical stories, scientific evidence, and legends. It describes how the first people arrived around 25,000 years ago during the Stone Age and lived as hunter-gatherers. Subsequent waves of migration brought Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays who settled different areas and had varying levels of technological development. While their origins are still debated, most early Filipinos shared a common base culture that was influenced by their environment.
The document summarizes the early history and culture of the Philippines from 200,000 BC to 1300 AD. It describes the earliest inhabitants possibly arriving across land bridges from Southeast Asia during the last ice age. Subsequent waves of Austronesian migrants introduced new languages and agricultural practices. Early Filipino society was organized into independent barangays led by datus. The economy was based on farming, fishing, weaving and pottery. Marriages involved customs like dowry payments and courtship rituals.
This document discusses the evolution of Philippine society and culture from pre-colonial times through the Spanish and American colonial periods. It describes the origins and migrations of the earliest peoples in the Philippines, including Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays. Pre-Spanish society was organized into barangays and had social classes. Spanish colonization established an encomienda system and frailocracia rule by friars. American colonization introduced English education, democracy, and economic dependence on the US while also promoting Americanization and a colonial mentality.
This document discusses the evolution of Philippine society and culture from pre-colonial times through the Spanish and American colonial periods. It describes the origins and migrations of the earliest peoples in the Philippines, including Negritos, Indonesians, and Malays in three waves. Pre-Spanish society was organized into barangays and had social classes of nobles, freemen, and dependents. Spanish rule established an encomienda system and created social rankings. American rule introduced public education, scholarships, and democratic policies but also economic dependence. Literature during this period reflected colonial vs. anti-colonial views.
The document discusses the culture of the Filipino people during four historical periods - pre-Hispanic, Spanish, American, and Japanese. During the pre-Hispanic period, the Filipinos had their own laws and social classes. They engaged in agriculture, trade, and had their own religious beliefs. Under Spanish rule, new social classes emerged and Filipino culture incorporated aspects of Spanish culture like language, clothing, and Catholicism. During the American period, the Filipinos were exposed to American political systems, Protestantism, new economic opportunities, and adopted American styles of art, fashion, and transportation.
Different Ethnolinguistic Groups in the PhilippinesRoi Fernandez
This document provides information on the different ethnolinguistic groups in the Philippines, including their beliefs and arts. It discusses the Capiznons of Panay, who believed in many gods and engaged in traditional weaving. It also describes the Cebuano people of Cebu, noting their blending of Catholic and animist beliefs as well as their rich musical traditions. Finally, it summarizes the Bicolano people of Bicol, mentioning their deeply religious nature and jewelry making in Paracale.
Customs of the Tagalogs by Plasencia (English version) (1).pptxssuserbdb0a5
Juan de Plasencia was a Franciscan friar who arrived in the Philippines in 1578 and helped convert natives to Christianity. He wrote "Customs of the Tagalogs" in 1589, which described pre-Hispanic Tagalog society. It detailed their social hierarchy consisting of nobles, commoners, and slaves. It also described their marriage customs, property ownership, and religious practices which involved worshipping ancestors and nature-based idols. The work provides valuable insights into Tagalog culture before European influence.
The document discusses several aspects of precolonial Philippine culture, including art, mythology, religion, medicine, politics, and warfare. It describes examples of Philippine art like woodcarving and weaving. It discusses the origin of Philippine mythology in folk literature and the purpose of myths. It explains that the early religion was animism and the belief in spirits. It provides details on supernatural beliefs, medical practices of albularyos and hilot, and the political system of datus, elders, and laws announced by town criers. It also briefly mentions the goals of precolonial Philippine warfare.
Reporter 5 kristine ponce our early ancestorstinabracosa
The document discusses theories about the origins of the early Filipino people from three sources: the Bible, evolution theory, and legends. It describes how the first people were the Negritos who crossed land bridges 25,000 years ago. They were followed by Indonesians who arrived by boat 5,000 years ago and were more advanced farmers and fishers. The Malays arrived later 2,000 years ago and were the most advanced, living in villages with governments and arts. Legends also tell stories of early Filipinos.
The cultural system of pre-Spanish Filipinos was influenced by paganism and animism as they worshipped nature and diwatas. The Babaylan, or katalonans, served important religious roles in villages by driving away sickness and providing spiritual guidance. Filipinos also believed in supreme deities like Bathala and various sub-deities related to agriculture, love, harvests, and other domains. Courtship and marriage involved dowry payments from the groom's family to the bride's family. Burial practices often involved placing the dead in wooden coffins under the family home with valuable items, and hiring mourners to accentuate grief. Overall, the document describes various religious, social, and cultural aspects
The document discusses the history of popular culture in the Philippines from pre-colonial times to the modern period. It covers changes in government, education, technology, language, music, fashion, and other aspects of culture during the pre-colonial era, Spanish colonial period, American colonial period, and post-war/modern age. Key developments mentioned include the introduction of new political and education systems by colonizers, the emergence of telecommunications technology and social media, and the evolution of music, fashion, and language over time.
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1. PRE-COLONIALPERIOD:Philippine History
“A look into our past settings, customs, practices and culture”
CONTENT:
Introduction to Philippine Pre History
Peopling of the Pre-Colonnial Philippines
Pre-Colonial Culture
Pre-Colonial Clothing
Pre-Colonial Writing Systems
Pre-Colonial Form of Government
Social Classes
Introduction: Pre - History
The cultural achievements of pre-colonial Philippines include those covered by prehistory and early
history of the Philippines archipelago and its inhabitants, which are the indigenous forebears of today's
Filipino people.
These early Filipinos possessed a culture and technology that were quite advanced considering the
timeline of history of science when it flourished. Waves of migrants who came to settle in the islands
contributed to the development of ancient Philippine civilization. Prehistoric aborigines, a cross of Afro-
Asiatic and Austro Aborigines, now called Negritos (Aeta, Agta, Ayta) reached the islands by way of
land bridges around 15,000 to 30,000 BC, and they were excellent hunters and food gatherers. In its midst,
other ancient civilizations were also thriving and evolving. The Proto-Malays, a Mongol-Asiatic race,
arrived around 2500 BC using oceanic vessels called balangays, and they brought with them their
knowledge in seafaring, farming, building of houses from trees and creation of fire for cooking. The next
to arrive were the Duetero-Malays,ofIndia-Asiatic race (Indian, Chinese, Siamese, Arabic),that
prevailed with a more superior and advanced culture. They possessed their own systems of writing,
knowledge and skills in agriculture, metallurgy, jewelry-making as well as boat-building. When the
Spaniards came to the islands in the 15th century, industries such as mining, agriculture, fishing and
pottery were already in place and contacts with other Asian nations had been long established.
2. Peopling of the Pre-ColonnialPhilippines
The Negritos were early settlers but their appearance in the Philippines has not been reliably dated; and
they were followed by speakers of the Malayo-Polynesian languages,a branch of the Austronesian
languages, who began to arrive in successive waves beginning about 4000 B.C.E,displacing the earlier
arrivals.
By 1000 B.C. the inhabitants of the Philippine archipelago had developed into four distinct kinds of
peoples: tribal groups, such as the Aetas,Hanunoo,Ilongots and the Mangyan who depended on hunter
gathering and were concentrated in forests; warrior societies, such as the Isneg and Kalingas who
practiced social ranking and ritualized warfare and roamed the plains; the petty plutocracy of the Ifugao
Cordillera Highlanders, who occupied the mountain ranges of Luzon; and the harbor principalities of the
estuarine civilizations that grew along rivers and seashores while participating in trans-island maritime
trade
Pre-ColonialCulture
During the early period thousand years ago, the early Filipinos were composed of different groups that
came from different part of Asia. With different groups they form their own community, system of
education and religious belief.
They group into different communities composed of 50 to 2,000 individuals and they construct their
shelters in different areas according to their lifestyle and source of living. Usually they were situated
along the seashores,streams, rivers, forests,fertile land areas and even in caves.
In water areas they look for fish, shells and pearls as their source of living. They also used boat and craft
as there means of transportation for an easier travel and carrying their goods for trade from one place to
another. For those people located in land areas they cultivate the land and plant rice, bananas and crops.
After the harvest they no longer use the area indeed they just move to another place with less grass and
fine soil and abundant of trees where they can start farming again. Perhaps this gives an idea that the
Philippines is very rich of resources for a bountiful living.
During the pre-colonial time there was already an indigenous spiritual traditions practiced by the
people in the Philippines. Generally, for lack of better terminology prehistoric people are described to be
animistic. Their practice was a collection of beliefs and cultural mores anchored in the idea that the world
is inhabited by spirits and supernatural entities, both good and bad, and that respect be accorded to them
through nature worship thus; they believed that their daily lives has a connection of such beliefs.
These spirits are said to be the anito or diwata that they believed to be good and bad. The good spirits
were considered as there relatives and the bad were believed to be their enemies. Some worship specific
deities like Bathala a supreme god for the Tagalog, Laon or Abba for the Visayan, Ikasi of Zambal,
Gugurang for the people of Bicol and Kabunian of Ilocano and Ifugao. Aside from those supreme deities
they also worship other gods like Idialao as god offarming, Lalaon of harvest, Balangay god of
rainbow and Sidapa god ofdeath.
3. Others also worship the moon, stars, caves, mountains, rivers, plants and trees. Some creatures are
being worship too like the bird, crow, tortoise, crocodile and other things they believed has value and
connected to their lives.
The variation of animistic practices occurs in different ethnic groups. Magic, chants and prayers are
often key features. Its practitioners were highly respected (and some feared) in the community, as
they were healers,midwife (hilot), shamans,witches and warlocks (mangkukulam), babaylans, tribal
historians and wizened elders that provided the spiritual and traditional life of the community. In the
Visayas region there is a belief of witchcraft (kulam) and mythical creatures like aswang, Nuno sa Punso
and other mythical creature.
Pre-ColonialClothing
During this pre-colonial era historians have found out that the "Barong Tagalog" (dress of the Tagalog)
already existed. The earliest Baro or Baro ng Tagalog was worn by the natives of Ma-I (the Philippines
name before) just before they were colonized by the Spaniards.
The men wore a sleeve-doubletmade of Canga (rough cotton) that reached slightly below the waist. It is
collarless with a front opening. Their loins were covered with a pane that hung between the legs and mid
thigh. The women also wore a sleeve dressbut shorter than the men. They also wear a pane attached to
the waist and reaching to the feet accented by a colourful belt. The materials used for their dress is of fine
line or Indian Muslin
The Visayan men wore a jacket with a Moorish style rob,that reach down their feet and was
embroidered in beautiful colours. Tagalog and Visayan men bound their temples and forehead with a
"putong"(a narrow strips of clothe). They also wore gold jewellery and other accessories to beautify their
bodies.
Pre-ColonialWriting Systems
During the early period almost everyone in the society-male or female knows how to read and write. They
have their own method ofwriting which they use sharp pointed tools, leaves, bamboo and trunk's skin.
They write from top to bottom and read it from left to right.
Accordingly they have their Alibata which script is different from China, Japan and India. This account
was told by one of the first Spanish missionaries who came in the Philippines, Fr. Pedro Chirino.
Another account proved after the discovery ofa jar in Calatagan, Batangas. This system of writing
came from the alphabet of Sumatra.
The first Visayan, Tagalog, Ilocano and some ethic groups have their own dialect and form of writing too.
They have an alphabet composed of 17 letters; 3 of which are vowels and 14 are consonants.
4. The Muslims have also their own system basing on there dialect. This is called kirim of Maranao and
jiwi of the Tausug, which they are still using until this day.
Abugida: Pre-Colonial method ofHandwriting (Baybayin)
Pre-ColonialForm of Government
Before the Spaniards came into the Philippines there were existing culture of the Filipinos which were not
distinguished by most of the filipinos especially for the new born filipino citizens. The Filipinos lived in
settlements called barangays before the colonization of the Philippines by the Spaniards. As the unit of
government, a barangay consisted from 30 to 100 families. It was headed by a datu and was independent
from the other group.
Usually, severalbarangays settled near each other to help one another in case of war or any emergency.
The position of datu was passed on by the holder of the position to the eldest son or, if none, the eldest
daughter. However,later,any member of the barangay could be chieftain, based on his talent and ability.
He had the usual responsibilities of leading and protecting the members of his barangay. In turn, they had
to pay tribute to the datu, help him till the land, and help him fight for the barangay in case of war. In the
old days, a datu had a council of elders to advise him, especially whenever he wanted a law to be enacted.
The law was written and announced to the whole barangay by a town crier, called the umalohokan.
SocialClasses
Before the coming of Spanish colonizers, the people of the Philippine archipelago had already attained a
semicommunal and semislave social system in many parts and also a feudal system in certain parts,
especially in Mindanao and Sulu, where such a feudal faith as Islam had already taken roots. The Aetas
had the lowest form of social organization, which was primitive communal.
The barangay was the typical community in the whole archipelago. It was the basic political and
economic unit independent of similar others. Each embraced a few hundreds of people and a small
territory. Each was headed by a chieftain called the rajah or datu.
The social structure comprised a petty nobility, the ruling class which had started to accumulate land that
it owned privately or administered in the name of the clan or community; an intermediate class of
freemen called the maharlikas who had enough land for their livelihood or who rendered special service
to the rulers and who did not have to work in the fields; and the ruled classes that included the timawas,
the serfs who shared the crops with the petty nobility, and also the slaves and semislaves who worked
without having any definite share in the harvest. There were two kinds of slaves then: those who had their
own quarters, the aliping namamahay, and those who lived in their master's house, the aliping sagigilid.
One acquired the status of a serf or a slave by inheritance, failure to pay debts and tribute, commission
of crimes and captivity in wars between barangays.