Local communities are characterized by close social integration and physical proximity, with people sharing the same environment, beliefs, needs, and risks. Global communities are characterized by integration and interaction between individuals and groups separated in time or space.
Community action refers to collective efforts by community members to address social problems and achieve social well-being. It promotes cooperation and unity in a community. Elements of community action include community engagement to build trust and enlist resources through activities like volunteering, voting, and collaborating on projects to improve health outcomes. Solidarity through a shared bond and interest unites community members to participate. Citizenship involves both legal status and moral obligations to build a just society.