La Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios interactuar y colaborar como creadores de contenido en una comunidad virtual, a diferencia de sitios estáticos. Facilita el compartir información y la interoperabilidad. Ejemplos son las redes sociales, wikis y blogs. Sirve para fidelizar usuarios al basarse en su contenido, y para promoción social al compartirse contenido automáticamente entre contactos.
The document discusses fractional order PID tuning and control. It introduces fractional order systems and controllers (FOPID), and describes some of their advantages over traditional PID controllers, including better modeling of dynamic systems and more robust control design. It then discusses several FOPID tuning methods, focusing on the Taylor series expansion method which matches terms between the actual and desired closed-loop transfer functions to increase tracking accuracy.
This document summarizes pneumatic process control. It discusses that pneumatic controls are powered by compressed air and are safer than electronic controls in explosive environments like chemical plants. It then describes the basic components of a closed-loop pneumatic control system including a controller, actuator and measuring device. Finally, it explains some common pneumatic control devices like flapper nozzles, volume boosters, and force balance transducers and how proportional and proportional-integral controllers work in pneumatic systems.
Data acquisition is the process of sampling real world physical information and the conversion of the samples into digital numeric values that computers and controllers can understand. Modbus based Data Acquisition devices include RTD, Thermistor, Thermocouple, Voltage, Current, Strain Gauge, Counter, Frequency, Relay, Digital Input, and Digital Ouptut and are widely used in industrial automation, remote monitoring, wastewater monitoring, process control, and building automation.
This training talks about Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP Protocols, Modbus Data Acquisition Technology, Modbus Data Logging, Stand Alone Modbus Systems, and how to configure PC Based Modbus Systems with SCADA Software.
More info: www.icpdas-usa.com?r=slideshare
The document describes various controller modes including:
1. ON-OFF/two position controller - provides discontinuous control by switching between maximum and minimum output values.
2. Proportional (P) control - controller output is proportional to the error. Provides fast response but steady state error.
3. Integral (I) control - controller output is proportional to the integral of error over time. Eliminates steady state error but increases response time.
4. Derivative (D) control - controller output is proportional to the rate of change of error. Increases damping but can amplify noise and cause instability.
Composite modes like PI, PD, and PID combine the advantages of the individual modes to provide
This document describes an experiment to characterize a centrifugal pump by measuring its performance characteristics at constant speed. Key parameters such as discharge, head, input and output power are measured across a range of operating conditions created by throttling the delivery valve. The measurements are used to calculate efficiency and draw characteristic curves showing relationships between discharge, head, power and efficiency over the pump's operating range.
This document provides an introduction to fuzzy logic, including its history and applications. It discusses classical logic and its limitations in dealing with uncertain propositions. Multi-valued logics are introduced as an approach to handle indeterminate truth values. Fuzzy logic then allows for gradual assessments between true and false by using membership functions and fuzzy set theory. Conditional and quantified fuzzy propositions are defined along with operations on them. The document concludes by mentioning applications of fuzzy logic in areas like controllers for washing machines and computer engineering.
La Web 2.0 permite a los usuarios interactuar y colaborar como creadores de contenido en una comunidad virtual, a diferencia de sitios estáticos. Facilita el compartir información y la interoperabilidad. Ejemplos son las redes sociales, wikis y blogs. Sirve para fidelizar usuarios al basarse en su contenido, y para promoción social al compartirse contenido automáticamente entre contactos.
The document discusses fractional order PID tuning and control. It introduces fractional order systems and controllers (FOPID), and describes some of their advantages over traditional PID controllers, including better modeling of dynamic systems and more robust control design. It then discusses several FOPID tuning methods, focusing on the Taylor series expansion method which matches terms between the actual and desired closed-loop transfer functions to increase tracking accuracy.
This document summarizes pneumatic process control. It discusses that pneumatic controls are powered by compressed air and are safer than electronic controls in explosive environments like chemical plants. It then describes the basic components of a closed-loop pneumatic control system including a controller, actuator and measuring device. Finally, it explains some common pneumatic control devices like flapper nozzles, volume boosters, and force balance transducers and how proportional and proportional-integral controllers work in pneumatic systems.
Data acquisition is the process of sampling real world physical information and the conversion of the samples into digital numeric values that computers and controllers can understand. Modbus based Data Acquisition devices include RTD, Thermistor, Thermocouple, Voltage, Current, Strain Gauge, Counter, Frequency, Relay, Digital Input, and Digital Ouptut and are widely used in industrial automation, remote monitoring, wastewater monitoring, process control, and building automation.
This training talks about Modbus RTU and Modbus TCP Protocols, Modbus Data Acquisition Technology, Modbus Data Logging, Stand Alone Modbus Systems, and how to configure PC Based Modbus Systems with SCADA Software.
More info: www.icpdas-usa.com?r=slideshare
The document describes various controller modes including:
1. ON-OFF/two position controller - provides discontinuous control by switching between maximum and minimum output values.
2. Proportional (P) control - controller output is proportional to the error. Provides fast response but steady state error.
3. Integral (I) control - controller output is proportional to the integral of error over time. Eliminates steady state error but increases response time.
4. Derivative (D) control - controller output is proportional to the rate of change of error. Increases damping but can amplify noise and cause instability.
Composite modes like PI, PD, and PID combine the advantages of the individual modes to provide
This document describes an experiment to characterize a centrifugal pump by measuring its performance characteristics at constant speed. Key parameters such as discharge, head, input and output power are measured across a range of operating conditions created by throttling the delivery valve. The measurements are used to calculate efficiency and draw characteristic curves showing relationships between discharge, head, power and efficiency over the pump's operating range.
This document provides an introduction to fuzzy logic, including its history and applications. It discusses classical logic and its limitations in dealing with uncertain propositions. Multi-valued logics are introduced as an approach to handle indeterminate truth values. Fuzzy logic then allows for gradual assessments between true and false by using membership functions and fuzzy set theory. Conditional and quantified fuzzy propositions are defined along with operations on them. The document concludes by mentioning applications of fuzzy logic in areas like controllers for washing machines and computer engineering.
The document discusses the components and characteristics of a PID controller. A PID controller uses proportional, integral and derivative actions to control process variables.
The proportional action depends on current error. The integral action depends on accumulated past errors to eliminate steady-state error over time. The derivative action predicts future errors based on the current rate of change to improve stability and reduce overshoot.
Together these three actions allow a PID controller to control processes very well without overshoot or undershoot by setting the optimal P, I, and D values for the specific application.
Practical Troubleshooting and Problem Solving of Modbus Protocols Living Online
This manual focuses on the main issues of troubleshooting the industrial data communications network of today, enabling you to walk onto your plant or facility to troubleshoot and fix problems as quickly as possible. The focus is on the Modbus suite of protocols and their associated standards.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-troubleshooting-and-problem-solving-modbus-protocols-196
This document compares several classical tuning methods for PID controllers, including both closed-loop and open-loop approaches. It describes the Ziegler-Nichols, Tyreus-Luyben, Damped Oscillation, C-H-R, Cohen-Coon, Ciancone-Marlin, and Minimum Error Integral tuning methods. The document aims to compare the performance and robustness of these tuning methods through simulation of first, second, and third-order processes. It also describes developing a GUI to automatically compare the tuning methods for a given process model.
PLC Ladder Diagram basics, with two solved examples
For more information go to
http://shrutizpresentations.blogspot.in/2014/04/plc-ladder-diagram-basics.html
This document describes the working principle and experimental setup for calibrating a venturimeter. A venturimeter consists of an inlet section followed by a converging section, cylindrical throat, and gradually diverging cone. It works by creating a pressure difference between the inlet and throat sections due to an increase in flow velocity at the throat. This pressure difference is measured to determine the flow rate. The experiment involves taking pressure and flow rate measurements at the inlet and throat sections using a manometer and collecting water over time. The data is then used to calculate discharge coefficients and Reynolds numbers to calibrate the venturimeter.
This document provides an overview of PROFIBUS basics, including:
- PROFIBUS allows for high-speed data exchange between active stations like PLCs and passive stations like field devices using the same cable and components.
- It supports functions like parameterization, I/O configuration, data exchange, and diagnostics between a master and slave devices in a cyclic manner.
- The configuration tool allows users to select parameters and I/O for devices with electronic data sheets to enable plug-and-play functionality.
This presentation provides an overview of Modbus data communication systems and troubleshooting steps. It begins with an introduction to the Modbus protocol, including the messaging, memory allocation, and function codes. It then discusses troubleshooting Modbus systems, identifying issues like no response, exceptions, hardware problems, and software issues. Finally, it outlines tools and steps for troubleshooting, including using a protocol analyzer to examine packets and isolate problems. The goal is to review the Modbus protocol and related troubleshooting approaches.
Fuzzy logic is a flexible machine learning technique that mimics human thought by allowing intermediate values between true and false. It provides a mechanism for interpreting and executing commands based on approximate or uncertain reasoning. Unlike binary logic which can only have true or false values, fuzzy logic uses linguistic variables and degrees of membership to represent concepts that may have a partial truth. Fuzzy systems find applications in automatic control, prediction, diagnosis and user interfaces.
Programmable Logic Controller and ladder logic programmingseema Vishwakarma
This document provides an introduction to programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and ladder logic programming. It defines a PLC as a small computer used to automate industrial processes by monitoring inputs and making decisions to control outputs based on a stored program. The document outlines the basic components of a PLC including input and output modules and the central processing unit. It then introduces ladder logic as the most common programming language for PLCs, describing the basic symbols of ladder diagrams including contacts, coils, and rungs. Finally, it provides examples of ladder logic programs for AND, OR, and NOT logic operations as well as timers and counters.
This document provides an example of using a Siemens S300 PLC with PROFIBUS communication to two slave devices, a WAGO unit with 4 digital outputs and a WINblock unit with 8 digital inputs. It describes configuring the PROFIBUS stations and addresses in Step7 software and ladder logic programming in the PLC to interface with the I/O on the slave devices over PROFIBUS.
Ladder logic diagrams are used to document industrial control systems. They resemble ladders with vertical power rails and horizontal rungs representing circuits. Digital logic functions like AND, OR, and NOT can be represented using contact configurations. Permissive and interlock circuits ensure multiple conditions are met or prevent incompatible actions. Motor control circuits can latch contactors to keep motors running and use stop buttons to unlatch them.
- Fuzzy logic was developed by Lotfi Zadeh to address applications involving subjective or vague data like "attractive person" that cannot be easily analyzed using binary logic. It allows for partial truth values between completely true and completely false.
- Fuzzy logic controllers mimic human decision making and involve fuzzifying inputs, applying fuzzy rules, and defuzzifying outputs. This allows systems to be specified in human terms and automated.
- Fuzzy logic has many applications from industrial process control to consumer products like washing machines and microwaves. It offers an intuitive way to model real-world ambiguities compared to mathematical or logic-based approaches.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The objectives are to describe PLC components, interpret specifications, apply troubleshooting techniques, convert relay logic to PLC languages, and operate and program PLCs. The contents include the history of PLCs, relay logic, PLC architecture such as CPU and I/O systems, programming concepts, applications, and troubleshooting. PLCs were developed to replace relay-based control systems and are now widely used in industrial automation.
Basic of MODBUS Communication/ProtocolShivam Singh
Shivam Singh is a project engineer who provides his contact information. The document discusses MODBUS, an application layer messaging protocol that provides client/server communication between devices. MODBUS can operate over serial lines or TCP/IP networks and uses function codes to specify request and response transactions. It describes the MODBUS protocol data unit structure, addressing model, and typical network architecture with MODBUS clients, servers, and gateways connecting different device types and networks.
The document discusses the components and characteristics of a PID controller. A PID controller uses proportional, integral and derivative actions to control process variables.
The proportional action depends on current error. The integral action depends on accumulated past errors to eliminate steady-state error over time. The derivative action predicts future errors based on the current rate of change to improve stability and reduce overshoot.
Together these three actions allow a PID controller to control processes very well without overshoot or undershoot by setting the optimal P, I, and D values for the specific application.
Practical Troubleshooting and Problem Solving of Modbus Protocols Living Online
This manual focuses on the main issues of troubleshooting the industrial data communications network of today, enabling you to walk onto your plant or facility to troubleshoot and fix problems as quickly as possible. The focus is on the Modbus suite of protocols and their associated standards.
FOR MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-troubleshooting-and-problem-solving-modbus-protocols-196
This document compares several classical tuning methods for PID controllers, including both closed-loop and open-loop approaches. It describes the Ziegler-Nichols, Tyreus-Luyben, Damped Oscillation, C-H-R, Cohen-Coon, Ciancone-Marlin, and Minimum Error Integral tuning methods. The document aims to compare the performance and robustness of these tuning methods through simulation of first, second, and third-order processes. It also describes developing a GUI to automatically compare the tuning methods for a given process model.
PLC Ladder Diagram basics, with two solved examples
For more information go to
http://shrutizpresentations.blogspot.in/2014/04/plc-ladder-diagram-basics.html
This document describes the working principle and experimental setup for calibrating a venturimeter. A venturimeter consists of an inlet section followed by a converging section, cylindrical throat, and gradually diverging cone. It works by creating a pressure difference between the inlet and throat sections due to an increase in flow velocity at the throat. This pressure difference is measured to determine the flow rate. The experiment involves taking pressure and flow rate measurements at the inlet and throat sections using a manometer and collecting water over time. The data is then used to calculate discharge coefficients and Reynolds numbers to calibrate the venturimeter.
This document provides an overview of PROFIBUS basics, including:
- PROFIBUS allows for high-speed data exchange between active stations like PLCs and passive stations like field devices using the same cable and components.
- It supports functions like parameterization, I/O configuration, data exchange, and diagnostics between a master and slave devices in a cyclic manner.
- The configuration tool allows users to select parameters and I/O for devices with electronic data sheets to enable plug-and-play functionality.
This presentation provides an overview of Modbus data communication systems and troubleshooting steps. It begins with an introduction to the Modbus protocol, including the messaging, memory allocation, and function codes. It then discusses troubleshooting Modbus systems, identifying issues like no response, exceptions, hardware problems, and software issues. Finally, it outlines tools and steps for troubleshooting, including using a protocol analyzer to examine packets and isolate problems. The goal is to review the Modbus protocol and related troubleshooting approaches.
Fuzzy logic is a flexible machine learning technique that mimics human thought by allowing intermediate values between true and false. It provides a mechanism for interpreting and executing commands based on approximate or uncertain reasoning. Unlike binary logic which can only have true or false values, fuzzy logic uses linguistic variables and degrees of membership to represent concepts that may have a partial truth. Fuzzy systems find applications in automatic control, prediction, diagnosis and user interfaces.
Programmable Logic Controller and ladder logic programmingseema Vishwakarma
This document provides an introduction to programmable logic controllers (PLCs) and ladder logic programming. It defines a PLC as a small computer used to automate industrial processes by monitoring inputs and making decisions to control outputs based on a stored program. The document outlines the basic components of a PLC including input and output modules and the central processing unit. It then introduces ladder logic as the most common programming language for PLCs, describing the basic symbols of ladder diagrams including contacts, coils, and rungs. Finally, it provides examples of ladder logic programs for AND, OR, and NOT logic operations as well as timers and counters.
This document provides an example of using a Siemens S300 PLC with PROFIBUS communication to two slave devices, a WAGO unit with 4 digital outputs and a WINblock unit with 8 digital inputs. It describes configuring the PROFIBUS stations and addresses in Step7 software and ladder logic programming in the PLC to interface with the I/O on the slave devices over PROFIBUS.
Ladder logic diagrams are used to document industrial control systems. They resemble ladders with vertical power rails and horizontal rungs representing circuits. Digital logic functions like AND, OR, and NOT can be represented using contact configurations. Permissive and interlock circuits ensure multiple conditions are met or prevent incompatible actions. Motor control circuits can latch contactors to keep motors running and use stop buttons to unlatch them.
- Fuzzy logic was developed by Lotfi Zadeh to address applications involving subjective or vague data like "attractive person" that cannot be easily analyzed using binary logic. It allows for partial truth values between completely true and completely false.
- Fuzzy logic controllers mimic human decision making and involve fuzzifying inputs, applying fuzzy rules, and defuzzifying outputs. This allows systems to be specified in human terms and automated.
- Fuzzy logic has many applications from industrial process control to consumer products like washing machines and microwaves. It offers an intuitive way to model real-world ambiguities compared to mathematical or logic-based approaches.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The objectives are to describe PLC components, interpret specifications, apply troubleshooting techniques, convert relay logic to PLC languages, and operate and program PLCs. The contents include the history of PLCs, relay logic, PLC architecture such as CPU and I/O systems, programming concepts, applications, and troubleshooting. PLCs were developed to replace relay-based control systems and are now widely used in industrial automation.
Basic of MODBUS Communication/ProtocolShivam Singh
Shivam Singh is a project engineer who provides his contact information. The document discusses MODBUS, an application layer messaging protocol that provides client/server communication between devices. MODBUS can operate over serial lines or TCP/IP networks and uses function codes to specify request and response transactions. It describes the MODBUS protocol data unit structure, addressing model, and typical network architecture with MODBUS clients, servers, and gateways connecting different device types and networks.